Adsorption Of Cobalt Research Articles

Extracted microbial exopolysaccharides: a sustainable approach to bioremediation of nickel, cobalt and copper ions; equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics studies

ABSTRACT The adsorption of nickel, cobalt and copper ions onto the surface of exopolysaccharides extracted from cyanobacterial mats has been studied to provide a sustainable and efficient approach for the remediation of heavy metals. The physical characterisation of the EPS surface, including SEM, EDX and FTIR, confirmed an irregular compact structure with multiple cracks, rough macropore structure and the existence of hydroxyl, amine, amide, polysulphide and carbonyl groups. The maximum adsorption capacity (q max 47.17 , 47.02 and 46.95 mg/g for Cu(II), Co(II) and Ni(II), respectively) was achieved at pH = 6, 0.3 g/L EPS dose, 120 min duration time and 35°C. The remediation affinity of EPS decreased in the order of Ni(II) > Co(II) > Cu(II). The Langmuir model (R 2 > 0.95) better fits the adsorption behaviour than the Freundlich model (R 2 < 0.90) and the Dubinin – Radushkevich isotherm model, indicating chemical adsorption between the biosorbent and metal ions. Kinetically, the pseudo-second-order model better describes adsorption than does the pseudo-first-order model. Finally, thermodynamic studies have demonstrated that the adsorption process is spontaneously endothermic, with positive enthalpy values (ΔH°) and negative free energy (ΔG°). The positive entropy values (ΔS°) indicate an increase in disorder at the solid-liquid interface during the adsorption process.

Dynamic simulation-driven analysis of cadmium, nickel, cobalt, and iron adsorption mechanisms in zeolite LTA synthesized from Bentonite

A practical and cost-effective method was successfully developed for synthesizing high-performance zeolite LTA from bentonite clay by fine-tuning activation steps and crystallization parameters. The optimal synthesis conditions and crystallization mechanism were investigated. The synthesized zeolites were characterized using XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDS techniques. The results highlight the significant influence of factors such as crystallization temperature, duration, and the effect of sodium hydroxide concentration on the formation of zeolites. Optimal conditions set at a crystallization temperature of 97°C, duration of 24 hours, and NaOH concentration of 4M yielded pure zeolite LTA, boasting high crystallinity levels. Achieving a peak crystallinity of 82%. The obtained zeolite LTA showed an exceptional Cd (II) ion exchange capacity. A mechanism involving adsorption of Cd2⁺, Ni2⁺, Co2⁺, and Fe2⁺ ions in zeolite LTA at the α and β-cages has been proposed using dynamic simulation. This mechanism supports all experimental results, in particular for LTA- Cd2⁺, Cd2⁺ ions are predominantly distributed in both α and β-cages, with a denser distribution in the α-cages, indicating a strong preference for these sites due to their geometric and electronic environment. The resulted zeolite LTA demonstrated ability for successful Cd (II) removal, affirming its utility as an efficient material in environmental remediation industries.

Waste-to-Wealth: Unlocking the Potential of Pine Sawdust Biochar for Adsorption of Cobalt(II) and Nickel(II) Ions and Sustainable Elimination of Carbamazepine from Aqueous Solutions

Waste-to-Wealth: Unlocking the Potential of Pine Sawdust Biochar for Adsorption of Cobalt(II) and Nickel(II) Ions and Sustainable Elimination of Carbamazepine from Aqueous Solutions

Adsorption of Cobalt onto Zeolitic and Carbonaceous Materials: A Review

Adsorption of Cobalt onto Zeolitic and Carbonaceous Materials: A Review

Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticle Synthesis by Cell-Surface-Engineered Recombinant Escherichia coli and Potential Application for Anticancer Treatment.

Cell surface display engineering facilitated the development of a cobalt-binding hybrid Escherichia coli. OmpC served as the molecular anchor for showcasing the cobalt-binding peptides (CBPs), creating the structural model of the hybrid OmpC-CBPs (OmpC-CP, OmpC-CF). Subsequently, the recombinant peptide's cobalt adsorption and retrieval effectiveness were evaluated at various concentrations. When subjected to a pH of 7 and a concentration of 2 mM, OmpC-CF exhibited a significantly higher cobalt recovery rate (2183.87 mol/g DCW) than OmpC-CP. The strain with bioadsorbed cobalt underwent thermal treatment at varying temperatures (400 °C, 500 °C, 600 °C, and 700 °C) and morphological characterization of the thermally decomposed cobalt nanoparticle oxides using diverse spectroscopy techniques. The analysis showed that nanoparticles confined themselves to metal ions, and EDS mapping detected the presence of cobalt on the cell surface. Finally, the nanoparticles' anticancer potential was assessed by subjecting them to heating at 500 °C in a furnace; they demonstrated noteworthy cytotoxicity, as evidenced by IC50 values of 59 μg/mL. These findings suggest that these nanoparticles hold promise as potential anticancer agents. Overall, this study successfully engineered a recombinant E. coli capable of efficiently binding to cobalt, producing nanoparticles with anticancer properties. The results of this investigation could have significant implications for advancing novel cancer therapies.

Evaluation of the optical and magnetic properties of novel Nd0.9Zn0.1FeO3 perovskite nanoparticles and their adsorption of Pb2+ ions from water

Nd0.9Zn0.1FeO3 was prepared in a single-phase with an average crystallite size of 25.82 nm using a citrate combustion technique. The energy dispersive X-ray assures the chemical formula of the sample. The elemental mapping of Zn-doped NdFeO3 illustrates the good homogeneous distribution of the elements in the sample. Nd0.9Zn0.1FeO3 has antiferromagnetic properties with weak ferromagnetic components and has good UV absorbance. The values of the band gap for the direct and indirect transitions are 1.473 eV and 1.250 eV, respectively. The adsorption of nickel(II), cobalt(II), chrome(VI), cadmium(II), and lead(II) ions has been studied at pH 7. The highest removal efficiency (η = 73.72%) was observed for the lead ions from water. The current study has examined the kinetics, recoveries, and mechanisms of utilizing Nd0.90Zn0.10FeO3 to remove Pb2+ ions from water. The optimum conditions for the absorbing Pb2+ are pH 7 and a contact time of 60 min. The Freundlich isotherm model is the best model for the absorption of Pb2+ ions. While, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model describes the kinetic adsorption data. The sample has a good efficiency for removing Pb2+ ions from water several times.

Novel biocomposites based on carbon xerogel derived from tannin for improved cobalt (II) adsorption: practical and theoretical approaches

This study introduces a new type of biocomposite material, which is created by combining Carbon xerogel (CX) which formed from Tannin, as biopolymer, extracted from banana waste, together with several metal oxides (Fe3O4, CuO, and MgO). This biocomposite is developed to improve the adsorption of Cobalt (II) by a combination of experimental and theoretical methods. The interaction between the components of the bio composite was confirmed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Carbon xerogel/Fe3O4 composite (CX/Fe) material is arranged in a layered structure, with each layer stacked on top of the other. Furthermore, the surface roughness of the CX/Fe material after Co2+ adsorption demonstrated the improved dispersion properties of CX, as well as the weak electrostatic contact between CX and Co2+.Furthermore, thorough examinations were conducted to assess the efficacy of a bio-adsorbent in eliminating cobalt ions from wastewater across different operational circumstances. The findings indicated that carbon xerogels (CX/Fe, CX/Mg, and CX/Cu) exhibited remarkable maximum removal efficiency of around 99.66 %, 98 %, and 97.96 %, respectively, and the adsorption capacity using CX/Fe was 9.994 mg.g-1, CX/Mg was 9.9637 mg.g-1 and CX/Cu was 9.96297 mg.g-1 over a 30-min timeframe. Monte Carlo simulations showed that the examination of molecular structures involving Co2+ on CX/Fe surfaces suggests that chemical forces may have a significant influence on the adsorption process, which is consistent with the experimental findings.

Preparation of cellulose/activated carbon cells: application to the adsorption of cobalt from stagnant waters

Abstract A cellulose/activated carbon combined material is prepared and tested for the adsorption of Co(II) from stagnant waters. This material is easily prepared using two different homemade activated carbons as adsorbents and sanitary paper as cellulose source. Cellulose/activated carbon cells so prepared are thoroughly characterized using multiple methods including optical imaging, tensile tests in dry and wet conditions, thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Afterwards, they are tested for the adsorption of Co(II) from stagnant waters solutions. The results showed that the prepared cells offer good mechanical resistance; the optical microscopy images showed the dispersion of activated carbons grains between cellulose fibres while spectral analysis revealed that the activated carbons keep their chemical properties in the cells. When tested and compared to activated carbons alone for the retention of Co(II) from stagnant waters solutions, the cellulose/activated carbon cells gave better adsorption ratios for both activated carbons (up to double). This study shows an easy way to enhance the efficiency of activated carbons by dispersing their grains within cellulose fibres. Thus the added value of this work is ease of preparation, non-use of harmful chemicals and the economic aspect.

Cobalt adsorption by Ca(OH)2 Modified quartz rock particles adsorbent: Equilibrium isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies

The presence of cobalt ions Co(II) in wastewater poses major threats to both humans and the environment. The effectiveness of the adsorption of modified quartz rock particles (MQRP) adsorbent with calcium hydroxide solution Ca(OH)2 for eliminating Co(II) from a water solution was examined. MQRP had a maximum ability to adsorb 47.112 mg g−1 for Co(II) at pH 6.0 and a contact time of 2 h. The HCl stripping agent offered the highest desorption efficiency to regenerate the adsorbent for use again for a new cycle of adsorption. The equilibrium isotherms of the adsorption characteristics were experimentally identified, and the results of adsorption aligned with the principles of the Langmuir model. Under the examined temperature conditions, thermodynamic evaluation proved that Co(II) adsorption on adsorbent vacancies was spontaneous and exothermic.The outcomes of the kinetic process demonstrated that the process closely conformed to a pseudo-second-order pattern. Therefore, the high silica content of MQRP makes it an important adsorbent, and it could be applied as a cost-effective and efficient adsorbent to control the release of Co(II) ions in industrial wastewater.

Thiocarbamoyl sulfamic acid‐derived mesoporous silica: a comprehensive study on selective adsorption of cobalt and lithium from spent lithium‐ion batteries

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe recycling of spent lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is crucial for resource conservation and environmental sustainability, particularly due to the valuable metals they contain, such as cobalt and lithium. This study focuses on developing an ion‐exchange method for cobalt recovery from waste LIB solutions, using a mesoporous silica derivative of carbamoyl sulfamic acid (PST‐SA) as the adsorbent.RESULTSThe batch method for adsorption experiments identified the most effective conditions: a pH of 8, 0.08 g PST‐SA, and a shaking time of 60 min, at room temperature. These experiments demonstrated a remarkable cobalt uptake capacity of 270.70 mg g−1, highlighting PST‐SA's exceptional adsorption capabilities. Additionally, thermodynamic studies revealed the adsorption process to be both endothermic and spontaneous, enhancing our understanding of its chemically reactive mechanisms.CONCLUSIONSThe practical application of PST‐SA, particularly when processing spent LIBs, showcases its real‐world utility. The efficient separation of cobaltous oxalate and lithium phosphate into pure forms emphasizes PST‐SA's potential in recycling and resource recovery. Given its cost‐effectiveness and strong adsorption capacity, PST‐SA stands out as an excellent solution for the removal of Co(II) from discarded LIBs, promoting sustainable material recovery practices. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

Calcium silicate solid-state matrices from boric acid production waste for 60Co removal and immobilization by spark plasma sintering

A mesoporous adsorbent based on calcium silicate CaSiO3 for the removal and immobilization of cobalt 60Co radionuclides in durable ceramic CaCoSi2O6 matrices was synthesized by hydrothermal conversion of boric acid production waste. The obtained material had a high Co2+ ions adsorption capacity of 220.8 mg/g. Cobalt adsorption was carried out mainly by ion exchange, which led to the formation of CaCoSi2O6 precursor ceramic matrices. The use of spark plasma sintering (SPS) technology at an optimal temperature of 1000 °C allowed the safe immobilization of Co2+ ions in CaCoSi2O6 ceramic matrices characterized by density (3.33 g/cm3), compressive strength (481 MPa) and microhardness (∼9.81 GPa). Sintered CaCoSi2O6 ceramic samples were characterized by high hydrolytic stability (cobalt leaching rate RCo ∼10−7 g/(cm2 × day)) and complied with the requirements for cured highly active waste GOST R 50926 96/ANSI/ANS 16.1.

Towards sustainable battery recycling: selective dynamic adsorption of nickel(II) and cobalt(II) in an adsorbent fixed-bed reactor at elevated temperature

Caused by the scarce resources of critical heavy metals which are in high demand, e.g., for lithium-ion batteries, processes for the recovery of such materials for recycling are of high interest. Adsorption is an effective method in order to selectively separate metal ions from aqueous solutions. Unfortunately, the prerequisites in battery recycling, like acidic pH-value and high temperature, are in general impairing the adsorption process. In this study, the competitive dynamic adsorption of nickel(II) (Ni(II)) and cobalt(II) (Co(II)) by a silica adsorbent functionalized with amino-polycarboxylate derivative ligands (designated as HSU331) under recycling process conditions, (pH = 3.5, T = 20 °C, and T = 50 °C, respectively) and varying concentrations (Ni(II):Co(II) 1:1 (5.0, and 10 mmol·L−1, respectively), Ni(II):Co(II) 3:1 and 1:3 (3.0 mmol·L−1 and 1.0 mmol·L−1 vice versa)) were investigated. A displacement desorption of Co(II) in favor of the binding of Ni(II) was observed, achieving maximum loadings of 0.95 µmolNi(II)·µmolLigand−1 (28.3 mgNi(II)·gAdsorbent−1), and 0.48 µmolCo(II)·µmolLigand−1 (14.3 mgCo(II)·gAdsorbent−1) at T = 20 °C and 1.0 µmolNi(II)·µmolLigand−1 (29.9 mgNi(II)·gAdsorbent−1) and 0.18 µmolCo(II)·µmolLigand−1 (5.38 mgCo(II)·gAdsorbent−1) at T = 50 °C, respectively. These results demonstrate a distinctly selective separation of Ni(II) in the presence of Co(II) by HSU331, achieving an even higher efficiency at elevated temperatures.

Effects of two mild amino acids on benzotriazole residue desorption during cobalt post-chemical mechanical polishing cleaning: Experimental and theoretical studies

During the polishing process of the cobalt (Co) interconnect layer, the corrosion inhibitor in the polishing solution will leave an organic residue on the polished cobalt surface, which needs to be removed by the post-chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) cleaning process. However, given the active chemical properties of cobalt, the potent and corrosive complexing agents in traditional cleaning solutions have the drawback of generating new corrosion defects on the cobalt surface. In this study, an eco-friendly cleaning solution is developed utilizing tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide (TEAH), deionized water, and either sarcosine or serine, thereby ensuring the absence of any additional introduction of metal impurities. The removal effect of the cleaning solution on BTA was tested using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). The results demonstrate that post-CMP cleaning with either sarcosine or serine yielded a cobalt surface with reduced roughness (2.78 nm and 2.63 nm), diminished Co-BTA content (10.6% and 9.5%), and a lowered contact angle (44.3° and 37.9°). To elucidate the mechanism of post-CMP cleaning, electrochemical measurements and molecular dynamics were employed. Initially, in the cleaning solution with a pH of 10.4, the adsorption of BTA and cobalt is minimized. Subsequently, as serine permeates through the BTA residue layer, the desorption of BTA is expedited through competitive adsorption. These findings contribute valuable insights into the mechanism of residue removal in post-CMP cleaning processes.

The adsorption of cobalt ions from aqueous solution using multiwalled carbon nanotube/polypyrrole modified with NaBH4: Batch and fixed-bed studies

In this study, the adsorption of cobalt and the performance of polypyrrole-modified carbon nanotubes as adsorbents were investigated. The reducing agent sodium borohydride (NaBH4) was used to improve the surface modification. The adsorption percentages of adsorbents in the absence/presence of sodium borohydride were 32.5 % and 97.5 %, respectively. The adsorption was carried out in continuous and batch stages. Factors such as operating conditions, adsorbent dosing, the effects of pH, temperature and initial concentration, ionic strength, acidity on desorption were studied in batch mode. The Langmuir isotherm has the best prediction of the adsorption behavior of multiwalled carbon nanotubes/polypyrrole modified by sodium borohydride. The maximum capacity of 20.11 mg/g each at pH 8 and 25 °C was reached. The pseudo-second-order models was the best kinetic model fitted with the results of the studied adsorbent. Thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption of the adsorbent took place in the form of endotherms and that the capacity increased with increasing temperature. Subsequently, modeling studies of breakthrough curves in a fixed bed column were examined in continuous experiments. The optimal conditions for fixed bed column performance were 0.66 mL/min, 60 mg/L concentration and 0.30 g mass, which corresponded to a final breakthrough time of 2.34 h at an adsorption capacity of 26.29 mg/g. The Yan model was in better agreement with the packed-bed column data than the Thomas model, and its model prediction of maximum column capacity was very close to the Langmuir isotherm of the batch study.

Photocatalytic Reduction of Methylene Blue by Surface-Engineered Recombinant Escherichia coli as a Whole-Cell Biocatalyst.

A novel Escherichia coli strain, created by engineering its cell surface with a cobalt-binding peptide CP1, was investigated in this study. The recombinant strain, pBAD30-YiaT-CP1, was structurally modeled to determine its cobalt-binding affinity. Furthermore, the effectiveness and specificity of pBAD30-CP1 in adsorbing and extracting cobalt from artificial wastewater polluted with the metal were investigated. The modified cells were subjected to cobalt concentrations (0.25 mM to 1 mM) and pH levels (pH 3, 5, 7, and 9). When exposed to a pH of 7 and a cobalt concentration of 1 mM, the pBAD30-CP1 strain had the best cobalt recovery efficiency, measuring 1468 mol/g DCW (Dry Cell Weight). Furthermore, pBAD30-CP1 had a higher affinity for cobalt than nickel and manganese. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) were used to examine the physiochemical parameters of the recombinant cells after cobalt adsorption. These approaches revealed the presence of cobalt in a bound state on the cell surface in the form of nanoparticles. In addition, the cobalt-binding recombinant strains were used in the photocatalytic reduction of methylene blue, which resulted in a 59.52% drop in the observed percentage. This study shows that modified E. coli strains have the potential for efficient cobalt recovery and application in environmental remediation operations.

Adsorption of cobalt (II) ions from aqueous solution using cow bone and its derivatives: Kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamic comparative studies

Mono-component adsorption of Co2+ ions from simulated industrial water was investigated by using cow bone (CB), cow bone char (CBC), and activated cow bone carbon (ACBC) adsorbents synthesized from raw cow bone as the precursor. The resulting prepared adsorbent materials were then characterized using analytical methods such as: zeta potential measurements, BET surface area, FTIR, SEM, EDS, and XRD analysis. For all synthesized adsorbents, the main compositions were mesopores with the presence of CC, PO32−, CO32 and O-H bonds signifying hydroxyapatite nature of the adsorbents. The isoelectric point (pHIEP) of ACBC was obtained to be 3.59 (lowest among the prepared adsorbents) thereby signifying that ACBC's electrostatic force of attraction was relatively higher between the Co2+ and its surface. The study showed that the pseudo second-order kinetic model had the best correlation for all the adsorption kinetic experimental data for each prepared adsorbent, inferring that the rate-controlling step during the Co2+ ions adsorption onto the prepared adsorbents is chemisorption. The Sips isotherm model excellently predicted the adsorption data for the adsorption of Co2+ ions on the CB adsorbents while the Langmuir isotherm best fitted the equilibrium data of the CBC, and ACBC prepared adsorbents with excellent correlation coefficients, while maximum adsorption capacities, qmax, were obtained to be 52.50, 58.80, and 64.50 mg g−1 for CB, CBC, and ACBC respectively. The study of the thermodynamic properties of the adsorption of Co2+ showed the process was endothermic, non-spontaneous and endogenic for the ACBC adsorbent, while being exothermic for the CB, and CBC adsorbents in addition to having physisorption properties.

Chitosan-minerals-based composites for adsorption of caesium, cobalt and europium

Currently, there is a growing interest in the use of natural materials in various fields of science, technology and environmental protection due to their availability, low-cost, non-toxicity and biodegradability. Chitosan, natural clay of local origin, montmorillonite, zeolite, cross-linking agents (epichlorohydrin, sodium tripolyphosphate, glutaraldehyde) and plasticisers (glycerol) were used to synthesise composites. The composites were characterised by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), tested for their antibacterial activity and used in batch experiments to study the adsorption of caesium, cobalt and europium ions. The maximum capacities for adsorption of caesium, cobalt and europium on the composites were 1400 mg/g, 900 mg/g and 18 mg/g, respectively. The experimental data fit better the Langmuir isotherm model and indicate favourable monolayer adsorption of Cs+, Co2+ and Eu3+ at homogeneous sites of the composites. The experimental data were in better agreement with the pseudo-second-order non-linear kinetic model for most elements and adsorbents. Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system proved to be a practical tool with good performance and generalisation capability for predicting the adsorption capacity of composites for caesium, cobalt, and europium ions. It was found that the predicted data were very close to the experimental data.

Efficiency evaluation of Falcaria vulgaris biomass in Co(II) uptake from aquatic environments: characteristics, kinetics and optimization of operational variables

In the present research, the seeds of Falcaria vulgaris were extracted from the investigated environment and used for crop cultivation. This study has focused on the efficiency evaluation of Falcaria vulgaris biomass (FVB) in cobalt ions removal from aqueous solutions. The biosorbent was characterized using FTIR, BET, EDAX-EDS, and SEM. The optimal conditions were determined by the response surface methodology (RSM) based on a Box-Behnken design (BBD) model. The BBD model had R 2 , R adj 2 and R pred 2 values of 0.9919, 0.9774, and 0.8929, respectively. The cobalt removal under different conditions of the BBD model varied from 36.14% to 82.11%. Based on the numerical optimization of the quadratic model, the maximum cobalt removal at a biosorbent-to-metal ratio of 10:1, pH = 4.88 and contact time of 70 min was calculated at 80.941%. The high accuracy of the model in predicting the optimal conditions for cobalt adsorption by FVB was confirmed using statistical analysis and validation tests. The adsorption process of FVB also follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, which suggests that the rate-controlling step in cobalt removal is the chemical interaction between functional groups in FVB and Co+2 ions. This study shows that FVB, a low-cost biosorbent, can be a suitable candidate for removing heavy metals such as cobalt from aqueous solutions.

Nanostructured faujasites with different structural and textural properties for adsorption of cobalt and nickel

Nanostructured faujasites with different structural and textural properties for adsorption of cobalt and nickel

Boron-Modulated Electronic-Configuration Tuning of Cobalt for Enhanced Nitric Oxide Fixation to Ammonia.

Electrocatalytic nitric oxide reduction (eNORR) to ammonia (NH3) provides an environmental route to alleviate NO pollution and yield great-value chemicals. The evolution of eNORR has been primarily hindered, however, by the poor reaction kinetics and low solubility of the NO in aqueous electrolytes. Herein, we have rationally designed a cobalt-based composite with a heterostructure as a highly efficient eNORR catalyst. In addition, by integrating boron to modulate the electronic structure, the catalyst CoB/Co@C delivered a significant NH3 yield of 315.4 μmol h-1 cm-2 for eNORR and an outstanding power density of 3.68 mW cm-2 in a Zn-NO battery. The excellent electrochemical performance of CoB/Co@C is attributed to the enrichment of NO by cobalt and boron dual-site adsorption and fast charge-transfer kinetics. It is demonstrated that the boron is pivotal in the enhancement of NO, the suppression of hydrogen evolution, and Co oxidation to boost eNORR performance.