Coastal Regions Of China Research Articles

Environmental Regulation, Technological Innovation and Development of Marine Fisheries—Evidence from Ten Coastal Regions in China

This study aims to examine the relationship between environmental regulation, technological innovation and the development of China’s marine fisheries. We make a theoretical overview of the relationship between environmental regulation, technological innovation and the development of marine fisheries. Using data from 10 coastal regions of China, we calculate the comprehensive development level of China’s marine fisheries in each region from 2009 to 2018 through the entropy method. Then, we use a double logit model to analyze the effects of environmental regulation and technological innovation on the development level of China’s marine fisheries, and further test the mediating effect of technological innovation. The results show that environmental regulations have a “U-shaped” effect on the development of China’s marine fisheries. Moreover, technological innovation is crucial in promoting the development of China’s marine fisheries. Further, we identify the mediating role of technological innovation, that is, environmental regulation affects the development of China’s marine fisheries by influencing technological innovation. These findings offer theoretical support for the development of China’s marine fisheries.

Research on the Action Mechanism of Data Elements Promoting the High-Quality Development of the Marine Economy - a Case Study of Coastal Regions in China

Research on the Action Mechanism of Data Elements Promoting the High-Quality Development of the Marine Economy - a Case Study of Coastal Regions in China

Spatio-temporal evolutionary characteristics and type classification of marine economy resilience in China

In the current study, the spatio-temporal evolutionary characteristics of marine economy resilience in three coastal areas of China were analysed based on multi-dimensional perspectives. The entropy weight method (EWM) was adopted to assign weights to each resilience dimension to define the marine economy-associated resilience value. Additionally, the classification criteria of coastal provinces (cities) was determined according to their temporal distribution ranges. Next, the spatio-temporal evolutionary characteristics and types of marine economy resilience in China's three coastal regions were explored and determined. Collectively, this study provides a novel strategy for measuring multiple aspects of marine economy resilience with the capacity to determine the specific types of marine economy resilience for each coastal province (city). This strategy can be implemented by decision makers to formulate targeted policies and measures to facilitate improved development of the marine economy in China's coastal regions.

Spatial Pattern of Underground Space Development in Major Cities in China: Evaluation and Analysis

Underground space development has gradually become an organic part of China’s urban development and construction. Comprehensively developing underground space scientifically and rationally to give full play to its comprehensive benefits is the main problem faced by China’s underground space development at this stage. This research starts with the measurement of the level of urban underground space (UUS) development. This paper constructs a UUS development level measurement indicator system, which is composed of Construction of UUS (D1), urban economic development indicators (D2), and urban population development indicators (D3), which has 12 secondary indicators, and then we use entropy-TOPSIS method to quantitatively evaluate the development level of underground public space in 39 prefecture-level cities and above in my country and analyze its spatial differentiation. The results show that the urban agglomeration has the characteristics of “high-high” cluster distribution with the development level of underground space. However, the overall level of underground space development in China’s major cities is not high and there are apparent differences in the level of UUS development. In terms of spatial distribution, the sustainable development level of cities in the eastern coastal regions of China is relatively high, with towns in the central and northeastern areas ranking second and western towns and northeastern cities ranking the lowest. At the same time, we found that there is a mismatch between the underground space development index and the economic population development index in the evaluation index. Finally, some suggestions are put forward to realize the balanced development of UUS development in our country.

Determination Of 137CS In Batam Water As South China Sea Extention Using Ammonium Phospomolibdate (AMP) Method

A Study of the Characteristics of the 137Cs of the South China Sea in Batam Waters has been carried out. The South China Sea through several straits is connected to the Pacific Ocean region and the Indonesian Sea. The mass of Pacific water entering the South China Sea will reach Batam Waters with radioactive contaminants. Batam Waters are part of the Karimata Strait which is the Extention Line of South China Sea so that it has the potential to receive 137Cs of radioactive contaminants from operational nuclear reactors discharged in the coastal regions of China. The purpose of the study is to find out the characteristics of 137Cs and obtain the current status of 137Cs as a baseline to minimize the impact of nuclear activities on the ecosystem of the waters of Batam, Indonesia. The 137Cs characterization method uses the Ammonium Phosphomolibdate (AMP) with modification of base dissolution and measurement validation with Certified Reference Material (CRM). The results of monitoring the concentration of 137Cs in seawater in Batam waters are in the range <0.03 - 0.35 ± 0.02 Bq.m-3, while the concentration of 137Cs activity in Batam waters sediments is known to be a maximum of 0.22 ± 0.08 Bq.kg-1 with 134Cs below MDA. Result in seawater and sediments are comparable to previous research related to the presence of radiocesium in the region

Roles of Terrain, Surface Roughness, and Cold Pool Outflows in an Extreme Rainfall Event Over the Coastal Region of South China

AbstractAn extreme rainfall event with maximum 12 hr accumulated rainfall of 464.8 mm associated with a quasi‐stationary mesoscale convective system occurred over the western coastal region of South China in June 2017. An observational analysis shows that early convective storms were initiated near the mountains and moved northeastwards. Moreover, a convergence line between cold northerly winds and warm southerly winds in the lower levels was formed, which favored the development of the quasi‐stationary system. Cold northerly winds were associated with land breeze, downslope winds as well as previous rainfall during earlier period, and cold pool outflows during later period. Cloud‐resolving simulations were performed to examine the roles of terrain, land‐sea surface roughness contrast, and cold pool outflows in the formation of heavy rainfall. Results demonstrate that land‐sea surface roughness contrast and mountains in the middle of Yangjiang and Jiangmen facilitated the formation of the convergence line during earlier period, and cold pool outflows sustained it during later period. Besides orographic lifting, coastal hills helped reduce the stability. Mountains in the middle of Yangjiang hindered the movement of the convective system, without which the associated heavy rainfall would shift farther north. Mt. Tianlu with westward concave morphology played a vital role in the formation of local convergence and the concentration of heavy rainfall. Without it, the total rainfall in the region of interest was reduced. This study suggests the importance of representing processes associated with the complex underlying surface in models for the prediction of heavy rainfall in coastal regions.

Spatio-temporal evolutionary characteristics of carbon emissions and carbon sinks of marine industry in China and their time-dependent models

Altering the marine industry economic development model has helped achieve low-carbon development goals for comparative research on the spatio-temporal evolutionary characteristics of carbon emissions and carbon sinks. The carbon emissions and existing carbon sinks resulting from the marine industry in ten coastal provinces (cities) in China over the period from 2008 to 2019 were quantitatively determined, and their spatio-temporal evolutionary characteristics were analysed from the national and provincial perspectives. Additionally, time-dependent models of the national and provincial carbon emissions and carbon sinks were constructed. The results showed that: 1) carbon emissions and carbon sinks of the marine industry in China increased annually from 2008 to 2019, and the growth rate of carbon emissions was higher than that of carbon sinks. 2) Direct, indirect and total carbon emissions, as well as shellfish, algae and total carbon sinks of the marine industry in China all conform with time to the power function leading to the estimation that total carbon emissions and carbon sinks of the Chinese marine industry will peak in 2021 and 2022, respectively. 3) The carbon emissions and sinks in different provinces (cities) were affected by multiple factors according to their time-dependent models. These findings could provide a reference for accelerating energy conservation and emission reduction within fisheries, while also improving the ecological functioning of their carbon sinks. Meanwhile, the role of marine policy in the development of the marine industry in China's coastal regions has also been clarified.

Projected Changes in Precipitation Extremes Over Jiulongjiang River Basin in Coastal Southeast China

The southeast coastal region of China is susceptible to challenges related to extreme precipitation events; hence, projection of future climate extremes changes is crucial for sustainable development in the region. Using the Regional Climate Model Version 4 (RegCM4), the future changes of summer precipitation extremes have been investigated over the Jiulongjiang River Basin (JRB), a coastal watershed in Southeast China. Comparison between the RegCM4 simulated and observed rainy season precipitation over JRB suggests that the RegCM4 can reasonably reproduce the seasonal precipitation cycle, the frequency distribution of precipitation intensity, and the 50-year return levels of precipitation extremes over JRB. Furthermore, the model projects an increase in daily maximum rainfall (RX1day) mostly over the northern part of the basin and a decrease over other parts of the basin, while projecting a widespread decrease for maximum consecutive 5-day precipitation amount (RX5day) relative to the present day. In terms of the 50-year return level of RX1day (RL50yr_RX1day), a general increase is projected over most parts of the basin in the near and far future of the 21st century, but a decrease can be found in the northeast and southwest parts of the JRB in the mid-21st century. The future change of the 50-year return level of RX5day (RL50yr_RX5day) shows a similar spatial pattern with that of RL50yr_RX1day in the near and mid-21st century, but with a larger magnitude. However, a remarkable decrease in RL50yr_RX5day is found in the south basin in the far future. Meanwhile, the projected changes in the 50-year return level for both RX1day and RX5day differ between the first and second rainy seasons in JRB. Specifically, the future increase in RL50yr_RX5day over the north basin is mainly contributed by the changes during the first-half rainy season, while the decrease of RL50yr_RX5day in the south is mostly ascribed to the future changes during the second-half rainy season. All above results indicate that the future changes of precipitation extremes in JRB are complicated, which might differ from extreme indices, seasons, and future projected periods. These will thus be of practical significance for flood risk management, mitigation, and adaptation measures in Jiulongjiang River Basin.

Accumulation Characteristics and Dietary Exposure Estimation of Heavy Metals in Vegetables from the Eastern Coastal Region of China

The levels of six toxic metals and five essential metals in five groups of vegetables marketed in the eastern coastal region of China were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results showed that the concentrations of six toxic heavy metals in all the vegetables did not exceed the maximum residue limits. The health risk assessment indicated that consumption of vegetables may not pose a potential noncarcinogenic risk to consumers, while there is a carcinogenic risk level of 10-5 level from inorganic arsenic exposure through vegetable consumption. Additionally, a similar trend was observed for the accumulation of toxic and essential metals. Furthermore, compared with other vegetable groups, edible fungi have a high potential to accumulate toxic and essential metals, which indicates that pollution monitoring of edible fungi should be strengthened.

Effects of ecosystems preservation on economic growth in China’s coastal region: Multilevel modelling and exploration

Ecosystems conservation is vital to social-economic and environmental sustainability. The relationship between ecosystems preservation and economic growth has been a popular topic worldwide. However, the economic effects of ecosystems preservation across multiple levels are unclear. This study analyzes the spatiotemporal characteristics of different ecosystems preservation, analyzing the correlations between ecosystem preservation and economic growth based on the method of “trading space for time”, extending a multilevel modeling to explore the overall and the regional differentiation in economic effects of ecosystems preservation at multi-levels in the coastal region in China during the period 2000–2015. Results show an overall decline in different ecosystems and an increase in green coverage rate and urban green space across the coastal region. With the same type of growth speed, the higher the economic output, the smaller the forest, wetland, and other ecosystems, and the larger the urban green space. Multilevel modeling regression revealed that economic growth is influenced by ecosystems preservation and effects of ecosystems preservation differentials vary substantially across regions. Wetland and forest ecosystems preservation played a negative role, whereas urban greening in cities played a positive role in overall urban economic growth and economic growth of surrounding or non-surrounding cities of the provincial capital. Furthermore, nature reserves preservation presented a negative association with economic growth at the provincial level. The heterogeneities of ecosystems along with economic growth stages is imperative, as is differentiating ecosystem preservation objectives across coastal regions. This study might help to develop theories of ecosystems preservation in economic growth and may fill the gap in which previous research ignored the multilevel effects of ecosystems preservation. Therefore, it provides good strategies to implement effective sustainable ecosystems management and sustainable regional economic growth.

Extreme Typhoon Wind Speed Mapping for Coastal Region of China: Geographically Weighted Regression–Based Circular Subregion Algorithm

The coastal region of China is exposed to severe typhoon threats and suffers significant casualties as well as economic losses due to seven to eight landed storms every year. This study developed a geographically weighted regression (GWR) circular subregion algorithm that considers the spatial variation characteristics of typhoon storms to map extreme-typhoon wind speeds. The continuously varying coefficient maps for typhoon-tracking, intensity, and wind field parameter recursive models are determined in the simulation domain using the best track data set from the Japan Meteorological Agency and geographically weighted regression. By introducing a genesis parameter model, each model module is validated independently or together by comparing the records in the best track data set in various circular subregions. The effects of the size of the circular subregion on the convergence of the typhoon wind hazard curve are investigated at two sites before an appropriate size is recommended. Extreme typhoon wind speeds of 10 coastal cities are modeled using the present model coupled with a well-developed analytical wind field model. Several factors that potentially contribute to the remarkable differences between this research and code suggestions as well as other studies are discussed. The estimated return period values of the annual maximum typhoon wind speed at 1,079 grid points in the coastal region of China are interpolated to achieve wind hazard contour maps. Several new findings regarding the spatial characteristics of extreme typhoon winds speed along the coastal region of China are examined.

Excess Pore Water Pressure Induced by Installation of Precast Piles in Soft Clay

Abstract Soft marine deposits are widely distributed in the coastal region of China. The marine soft clays have high water content and high sensitivity, which shows high compressibility and low str...

Is the Jack Ma trajectory unique? Assessing the place-based hypothesis on entrepreneurial success

There is a widely-held belief that China’s high-performing entrepreneurs have been fueled by their transnational experience. Scholars have pointed to studying or working in the US, in particular, as a driver of their performance, while other researchers emphasize the ascent of place-based factors, such as the triple helix – the interaction of industry, government and academia – of leading cities as a bedrock for China’s entrepreneurship. In this paper, we examine the migration patterns of high-performing entrepreneurs, like Jack Ma, the founder of Alibaba, in order to test these competing hypotheses. To do so, we analyze the spatial mobility patterns of the founders of the Chinese high-growth companies that had raised at least US$1 billion in private equity funding as of March 2020. In contrast to the prevailing assumption that these high-performing entrepreneurs are returnees (e.g. Chinese entrepreneurs that lived abroad and returned to China), we find that, like Ma, this elite cohort are predominantly graduates with bachelor’s degrees from universities in urban coastal regions in China. Rather than transnational or location-based explanations, our findings point to sub-national migration patterns within China—to and within coastal urban areas—as more likely to drive entrepreneurial performance.

Accuracy Evaluation of Altimeter-Derived Gravity Field Models in Offshore and Coastal Regions of China

Satellite radar altimetry has made unique contributions to global and coastal gravity field recovery. This paper starts with a general introduction followed by the progress of satellite radar altimetry technology. Then, the methods of marine gravity field recovery and dominating gravity models are described briefly. Finally, typical gravity models are compared with shipboard gravity measurements to evaluate their accuracies in offshore and coastal regions of China. The root mean squares of deviations between gravity models and shipboard gravity are all more than 7 mGal in offshore regions and within the range of 9.5–10.2 mGal in coastal regions. Further analysis in coastal regions indicates that the new gravity models with new satellite missions including Jason-2, SARAL/Altika, and Envisat data have relatively higher accuracy, especially SARAL/Altika data, significantly improving the coastal gravity field. Accuracies are low in areas with strong currents, showing that tide correction is very important for altimetry-derived marine gravity recovery as well as shipboard measurements in coastal gravity field determination. Moreover, as an external check, shipboard gravity data need more operations to improve their precision, such as higher instrument accuracy and finer data processing.

Effect of the marine system on the pressure of the food–energy–water nexus in the coastal regions of China

Food, energy and water are important resources for national development and human life, the conflicts among three have become more acute especially in coastal regions, but most existing studies focused on land. To investigate the effects of marine resources on relieving the pressure of the food–energy–water (FEW) nexus in the coastal regions of China and its state changes, the concept and computing method of marine equivalent food, energy, and water resources was proposed to quantify the supply of marine resources, meanwhile, this study constructed a pressure index model of food, energy, and water resources from the perspective of average possession of resources. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first FEW nexus study based on a marine resource perspective. The results shown that, during the study period, (1) Fujian had the most marine equivalent food production accounts for 44% of the terrestrial food yield; the marine equivalent energy made Shandong and Hainan to be a major province of energy; and marine equivalent virtual water was equivalent to 6% of the annual water consumption. (2) the food pressure in the south of the Yangtze River was much higher than that in the north; the water pressure was the opposite, and the energy pressure was high in all coastal regions of China. Considering the supply of marine resources, the FEW nexus pressure was alleviated by more than 10% in nearly half of the coastal provinces and cities. Moreover, valuable suggestions were propounded to each area targeted, which provide references and suggestions for alleviating the pressure of the FEW nexus not only in China's coastal region, but also have implications for resource flows in other regions. Also, the findings of this study contribute to a more comprehensive understanding and protection of the ocean, and promote regional sustainable development.

Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of Lateolabrax maculatus from Chinese coastal waters using polymorphic microsatellite markers

In order to provide valuable guidelines for the conservation of germplasm of Lateolabrax maculatus, the genetic diversity and population structure analysis were evaluated for eight geographic populations along coastal regions of China, using 11 microsatellite DNA markers. The genetic parameters obtained showed that, eight populations can be clustered into two groups, the Northern group and the Southern group, concordant with their geographical positions. The UPGMA tree constructed according to the Nei’s genetic distance along with the structure analysis and discriminant analysis of principal component also supported this result. This might be explained by the geographic separation and the divergent environmental conditions among the populations. It's worth noting that, QD (Qingdao) population from northern area was assigned to the Southern group and showed a close genetic relationship and similar genetic constitution with the southern populations. We speculated that large scales of anthropogenic transportation of wild fries from QD populations to the southern aquaculture areas in history should be the primary cause. The populations from GY (Ganyu), RD (Rudong) and BH (Binhai) had higher genetic diversity and showed limited genetic exchange with other populations, indicating better conservation of the natural resources in these regions. All populations were indicated to have experienced bottleneck events in history.

One health pathogen surveillance demonstrated the dissemination of gut pathogens within the two coastal regions associated with intensive farming

BackgroundIntensive aquaculture farming has caused significant degradation of coastal wetlands and has been proposed as a reservoir for pathogenic Vibrio spp.ResultsGut pathogens including Vibrio spp., Salmonella spp., and Klebsiella spp. were isolated from bird feces, shrimp and wetland water in two typical coastal regions of China in 2015 and 2017 and were subsequently subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Meanwhile, local patient isolates were also selected to confirm the epidemiological links. Bacterial community composition analyses of the sediments that were sampled in 2015 and 2017 were conducted by the hypervariable region 4 of the 16S rRNA gene. Together with the local clinical isolates, we observed highly related Vibrio isolates from waterbirds, wetlands and shrimp. Phylogenetic genome comparisons also demonstrated that sequence types ST3 and ST2414 Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates obtained from aquatic animals were clonally related to patient isolates. Likewise, three Salmonella typhimurium isolates were also genomically related to one clinical strain. The results showed that farming activities significantly altered the community composition and resulted in the emergence of several pathogens, including Acinetobacter, Mycobacterium and Legionella.ConclusionsIn conclusion, our results demonstrated that intensive shrimp farming in wetlands has two devastating impacts: pathogen dissemination from aquatic animals into migratory birds and transmission of foodborne pathogens into local communities.

Using saline water drip irrigation and soil matric potential control for tree establishment in coastal saline soil

Soil salinization and freshwater shortage are important factors restricting urban and peri-urban landscaping in coastal regions of China, where rapid industrialization and urbanization have expanded. This study explores saline water resources and soil matric potential control as a part of functional irrigation management to cope with the landscaping on salt-affected soils. A 4-year field experiment was carried out in coastal saline soil of North China, to establish four ornamental tree species (Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Crataegus cuneata, Broussonetia papyrifera, and Diospyros kaki) using saline water with five salinity levels (ECi of 0.8, 3.1, 4.7, 6.3, and 7.8 dS·m−1) by drip irrigation scheduled by yearly-lowered soil matric potential thresholds. Periodic monitoring results show that the survival rates of 100% were observed in the first post-transplant year for all ECi treatments and tree species, but survival rates decreased both as ECi increased and as matric potential thresholds decreased. The DBH, height, and canopy diameter of the surviving trees deteriorated as ECi increased and simultaneously increased each year. The initial soil salinity (ECe > 27 dS·m−1) at the 0–1 m depth decreased to 2.6, 2.1, 2.1, 3.4, and 6.3 dS·m−1 for five ECi treatments, respectively. Severe saline soil was reclaimed to non-saline and mildly saline soils. A performance indicator (PI) combining survival and growth rates was developed and applied to quantitatively assess performance of trees. According to the linear relationship between PI and ECi and the acceptable reduction of PI, F. pennsylvanica, C. cuneata, and B. papyrifera are recommended for landscaping with saline water, with threshold ECi of 6.1, 4.1, and 2.5 dS·m−1, respectively. The sustainability and implications for landscaping of irrigation management are discussed.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Power Grid Planning in Coastal Regions of China in the Context of Power Internet of Things (PIoT)

Ai, X. and Zhao, L., 2021. Comprehensive evaluation of power grid planning in coastal regions of China in the context of power internet of things (PIoT). Journal of Coastal Research, 37(4), 761–770. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.With the proposal and promotion of the concept “New Infrastructure Construction” in China, the construction of Power Internet of Things (PIoT) has become one major task of China's power grid development. Coastal regions have the characteristics of developed economy, high electricity demand, and variable climate, which are the focus of power grid construction. Hence, the construction of PIoT has put forward new requirements for power grid planning in coastal regions, and a comprehensive evaluation of power grid planning must be performed. However, the existing power grid evaluation index system cannot meet the comprehensive requirements of PIoT. Moreover, the current comprehensive evaluation method cannot solve problems on similar correlations and cannot perform dynamic prediction. This study proposes a comprehensive evaluation method for power grid planning in coastal regions in the context of PIoT. This method uses the requirements for developing PIoT as a criterion in constructing a seven-dimensional index system with 30 indexes. It also adopts the matter element analysis model, which can obtain more accurate correlations and change the evaluation method from static to dynamic. Taking a coastal province as an example, this paper performs comprehensive evaluation of current situation, development trend, and weak links of power grids and has satisfactory evaluation performance and prediction effect. It also proved that this method can clarify key points for improving and establishing development policies and provides guiding significance for power grid planning in coastal regions.

Distribution of bacterial concentration and viability in atmospheric aerosols under various weather conditions in the coastal region of China

Airborne bacteria have an important role in atmospheric processes and human health. However, there is still little information on the transmission and distribution of bacteria via the airborne route. To characterize the impact of foggy, haze, haze-fog (HF) and dust days on the concentration and viability of bacteria in atmospheric aerosols, size-segregated bioaerosol samples were collected in the Qingdao coastal region from March 2018 to February 2019. The total airborne microbes and viable/non-viable bacteria in the bioaerosol samples were measured using an epifluorescence microscope after staining with DAPI (4′, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) and a LIVE/DEAD® BacLight Bacterial Viability Kit. The average concentrations of total airborne microbes on haze and dust days were 6.75 × 105 and 1.03 × 106 cells/m3, respectively, which increased by a factor of 1.3 and 2.5 (on average), respectively, relative to those on sunny days. The concentrations of non-viable bacteria on haze and dust days increased by a factor of 1.2 and 3.6 (on average), respectively, relative to those on sunny days. In contrast, the concentrations of viable bacteria on foggy and HF days were 7.13 × 103 and 5.74 × 103 cells/m3, decreases of 38% and 50%, respectively, compared with those on sunny days. Foggy, haze, dust and HF days had a significant effect on the trend of the seasonal variation in the total airborne microbes and non-viable bacteria. Bacterial viability was 20.8% on sunny days and significantly higher than the 14.1% on foggy days, 11.2% on haze days, 8.6% during the HF phenomenon and 6.1% on dust days, indicating that special weather is harmful to some bacterial species. Correlation analysis showed that the factors that influenced the bacterial concentration and viability depended on different weather conditions. The main influential factors were temperature, NO2 and SO2 concentrations on haze days, and temperature, particulate matter (PM2.5) and NO2 concentrations on foggy days. The median size of particles containing viable bacteria was 1.94 μm on sunny days and decreased to 1.88 μm and 1.74 μm on foggy and haze days, respectively, but increased to 2.18 μm and 2.37 μm on dust and HF days, respectively.