Coastal Populations Research Articles

Photoaging assessment by Glogau classification: correlation of dermoscopy findings in the coastal population of Indonesia

Photoaging assessment by Glogau classification: correlation of dermoscopy findings in the coastal population of Indonesia

Genetic variation associated with adult migration timing in lineages of Steelhead and Chinook Salmon in the Columbia River.

With the discovery of a major effect region (GREB1L, ROCK1) for adult migration timing in genomes of both Chinook Salmon and Steelhead, several subsequent studies have investigated the effect size and distribution of early and late migration alleles among populations in the Columbia River. Here, we synthesize the results of these studies for the major lineages of Chinook Salmon and Steelhead that include highly distinct groups in the interior Columbia River that exhibit atypical life histories from most coastal lineage populations of these two species. Whole-genome studies with high marker density have provided extensive insight into SNPs most associated with adult migration timing, and suites of markers for each species have been genotyped in large numbers of individuals to further validate phenotypic effects. For Steelhead, the largest phenotypic effect sizes have been observed in the coastal lineage (36% of variation for passage timing at Bonneville Dam; 43% of variation for tributary arrival timing) compared to the inland lineage (7.5% of variation for passage timing at Bonneville Dam; 8.4% of variation for tributary arrival timing) that overwinter in freshwater prior to spawning. For Chinook Salmon, large effect sizes have been observed in all three lineages for multiple adult migration phenotypes (Coastal lineage: percentage of variation of 27.9% for passage timing at Bonneville Dam, 28.7% for arrival timing for spawning; Interior ocean type: percentage of variation of 47.6% for passage timing at Bonneville Dam, 39.6% for tributary arrival timing, 77.9% for arrival timing for spawning; Interior stream type: percentage of variation of 35.3% for passage at Bonneville Dam, 9.8% for tributary arrival timing, 4.7% for arrival timing for spawning). Together, these results have extended our understanding of genetic variation associated with life history diversity in distinct populations of the Columbia River, however, much research remains necessary to determine the causal mechanism for this major effect region on migration timing in these species.

Indicators of occupational pesticide exposure are associated with psychiatric symptoms

In southeastern Spain, intensive and highly productive agriculture under plastic also poses a risk to human health, as evidenced by reports on acute pesticide poisoning and its effects on mental health. However, knowledge of chronic exposures and their relationship to psychiatric disorders is still limited. This study analyzed the relationship between occupational exposure to pesticides and psychiatric disorders in farmers from Almería. A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst a coastal population in Almería, where over 32,800 ha of land are dedicated to intensive agriculture in plastic greenhouses. A total of 409 people participated in the study: 203 farmers and 206 control subjects. The highest risk of psychiatric disorders was observed in farmers living in areas of high exposure to pesticides, working in greenhouses (intensive agriculture), without protective goggles and without wearing masks. This study supports previous evidence of an elevated risk of psychiatric disorders among farm workers exposed to pesticides.

Assessing the Economic Impact of the Fishing Industry in Coastal Karnataka: A Case Analysis

Purpose: The purpose of this research study is to examine the role of the fishing industry in India's economic development, with a particular emphasis on the coastal region of Karnataka. The fishing industry is an important part of India's economy, providing both jobs and foreign exchange gains. Coastal Karnataka, noted for its diversified fisheries resources and fishing communities, is an excellent example of understanding the sector's dynamics, challenges, and possibilities for long-term growth. This study will take a multidisciplinary approach, combining economic, environmental, and social perspectives to examine the influence of the fishing industry on regional development. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research methodology employed in this study is primarily based on the utilization of secondary data collected by CMFRI reports, MPEDA reports, case studies, articles in the fishing industry, and other government websites have been used. Findings: The coastal population depends heavily on the fishing business for a steady source of income. As this industry grows, it helps to reduce poverty and raise the standard of living in these neighbourhoods leading to economic development of the nation. Additionally, the industry has made significant strides in international markets, boosting India's reputation for high-quality seafood goods. With notable improvements in fish landings and economic value, the fishing industry is growing commercially. Originality/value: This study may be useful to the various stakeholders in like fishing industry/sectors, government, Fishing boat owners, fishing community, other users, society Paper type: Case study

COLOSSAL LOSS OF FISH BIODIVERSITY DURING FRY COLLECTION IN THE RUPSHA RIVER

A key challenge for sustainable fish production is the loss of fish biodiversity caused by the indiscriminate capture of non-target creatures, particularly in Bangladesh's inland and coastal regions. In addition to serving as a crucial navigational channel in Bangladesh's coastal regions, the Rupsha River in Khulna City is also home to over 15000 fishermen who harvest fish and shrimp fry. Therefore, a study was carried out to assess the existing fry collection scenarios, fish bycatch and its impact on the biodiversity to enhance the production and biodiversity of the Rupsha River. Between May 2022 and July 2023, information was gathered from stakeholders through a combination of personal observation, focus groups, and cross-check interviews. In this study, Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Penaeus monodon fry were collected from wild sources by fixed blue net (FBN) and drag net (DN) as target species. For FBN compared to DN, efficiency and survival rate were both higher. FBN and DN caught 20 different bycatch species, including one highly endangered (Channa striata), four vulnerable species, and four commercial species. During the study period, the mortality rates of bycatch was 50%. The assessed value of the commercial adult species lost during fry collection stands at 1,245 BDT (Bangladesh Taka) per person per day, whereas the earnings of the fry collectors’ amount to 80 BDT per day. Hence, it is imperative to rigorously enforce a ban on larvae fishing through community participation and integrated coastal zone management to preserve aquatic biodiversity and protect the livelihoods of the coastal population.

RISK OF HRIDROGA (CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDER) IN AMAVATA PA-TIENTS (RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS) AMONG COASTAL POPULATION: A HEALTHCARE CHALLENGE

Amavata (RA), which is a systemic disease affecting mainly Koshta (gastrointestinal tract) and Sandhi (marmas-thisandhigat vyadhi), is a prevalent condition encountered in our day-to-day practice. In modern science, Aamvat can be correlated with Rheumatoid Arthritis. The association between RA and heart disease has been studied extensively, and the results are concerning. Patients with RA have an average risk of heart disease that is almost 50 percent higher than the general population. Changes in the occurrence/ outcome of Amavata due to Geo-graphical differences must be considered. According to our observation, Aamvat prevalence in the coastal popu-lation was exceptionally higher than in any other region. Inadequate access to healthcare services and limited health knowledge in remote coastal locations are associated with a higher burden of such chronic diseases. This Review article focuses on the need to understand and assess the risk of Hridroga (CVD) in Amavata vyadhi (RA) among the Coastal population so that we can help them lower the incidences of this vyadhi and its Updra-vas (complications).

Role of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in head and neck lesions in coastal population at a tertiary care hospital – A study of 500 cases

Head and neck swellings are a very common presentation encountered by clinicians and patients across all age groups. Various lesions give rise to head and neck lumps. Swellings can arise from soft tissues, lymph nodes, thyroid gland, salivary glands etc. FNAC being minimally invasive, quick and inexpensive helps in differential diagnosis of head and neck masses.A retrospective study was conducted at Karwar institute of medical sciences Karwar from January 2018 to December 2021 in coastal population, to evaluate the role of FNAC in palpable head and neck masses and also to study their distribution and To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of FNAC in diagnosing Head and neck lesions and cyto-histopathological correlation (wherever possible). 500 patients with head and neck swelling underwent FNAC. FNAC diagnosis was correlated with detailed clinical history and investigations. Out of 500 fine needle aspiration procedures 35.6% (178) were of lymph node, 33.8% (169) were of thyroid, 9.6% from salivary gland (48), 17.8% (89) from skin and soft tissue swellings and 3.2% (16) inconclusive. The present study concluded that most of the swellings in head and neck region are benign and affect females more than males. Overall accuracy rate more than 90% and diagnostic accuracy in differentiating non-neoplastic lesions from neoplastic lesions is well established. Our study found that fine needle aspiration cytology to be an easy, safe, rapid, convenient, least invasive, accurate and relatively complication-free outpatient method for diagnosis of lesions of the head and neck

Inland populations of sugar maple manifest higher phenological plasticity than coastal populations

Plasticity is vital for plants to rapidly acclimate to environmental changes, especially under the climate change. Global warming could advance bud break and extend the growing season, but it also increases the risk of frost damage to developing leaves. In this study, we explored the phenological plasticity of bud burst of half-sib family sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) seedlings from 11 seed origins in two common gardens at the center and the northern edge of the species distribution in Quebec, Canada. Results showed that the phenological plasticity of sugar maple originating from inland was significantly higher than those from coastal areas at the beginning of leaf development. This discrepancy may result from the long-term frost change frequency of seed origins. Our study suggests that in the context of climate warming, the higher plasticity observed in sugar maple originating from inland areas may benefit from the phenological adaptation of sugar maple and the survival of local populations. It also suggests that inland populations may have a higher potential regarding to assisted migration, but this needs to be confirmed for other functional traits than phenology.

Untargeted metabolomics reveals potential health risks associated with chronic exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of 2-Phenylphenol

Chronic exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals through foods of aquatic origin, at levels that are commonly found in the environment, can affect metabolic health and lead to metabolic diseases. One such chemical is 2-phenylphenol (2-PP), a suspected endocrine disruptor that is used extensively in agriculture and industry, and has become a widespread pollutant in aquatic environments. This study evaluated the risk of exposure to 2-PP through foods of aquatic origin from Vembanad Lake, using a Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and an untargeted metabolomics approach. The study found that 2-PP content was higher in samples from areas with intense industrial, tourism, and agricultural activities. The average concentration of 2-PP in fish, crustaceans, and mollusks from the Vembanad estuary ranged from 0.012 to 0.017 mg/kg. The mean concentration of 2-PP was used to assess the THQ of exposure to the coastal population. The results showed that the THQ value was <1, indicating a low to moderate health risk for both adults and children. Furthermore, an untargeted metabolomics approach using HPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS was used to study the metabolome changes associated with chronic exposure to 2-PP (at the environmentally relevant concentration) over 60 days in the Wistar albino rat model. The findings indicated significant alterations in the phospholipid, fatty acid, sterol lipid, and amino acid profiles, suggesting that chronic exposure to 2-PP at environmentally relevant concentrations could affect purine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and cholesterol metabolism.

Virtual coastal altimetry tide gauges along the West African coast

Low-lying coastal regions are generally vulnerable to climate change, and particularly to sea level variations. Understanding how these variations affect the coastal population requires an access to sea level measurements. Good quality in-situ sea level data are seldom available, with most long, research quality data in Europe and North America. In contrast, satellite altimetry provides more than three decades of near-global, continuous and freely available sea level measurements. Thanks to recent advances in processing and instruments, these observations have now become reliable to a few kilometers from the coast. In this study, using the available in-situ tide gauge data as a reference, we explore the ability of the recent X-TRACK/ALES high-resolution coastal altimeter product to derive the ocean tide and the long-term sea level changes along the West African coast. This region was chosen because it is under-sampled in terms of in-situ observations and would benefit greatly from the availability of freely accessible satellite data sets. To select the altimetry observations closest to the coast, we first define virtual tide gauges as close as possible to the intersection between each satellite track and the land. Sea level anomalies derived from the virtual stations were observed to be similar to those from the corresponding tide gauge stations: correlation values are between 0.58 and 0.78, root mean square differences between 5.6 and 8.3 cm. The virtual stations reproduce the observed tide with errors less or equal to 6.5 cm (i.e. 5.8% or less than the sea level variations of the tide). We show that part of the differences in tides between the two datasets is explained by differences in position between tide gauges and virtual stations. The combined analysis of sea level trends derived from tide gauges and from virtual stations shows how it is an efficient strategy to correct their respective errors and progress towards increasingly accurate sea level trend estimates in a region with little or no research-quality tide gauge data suitable for long-term sea level studies. The conclusion from this study is that in coastal regions poorly covered by tide gauges, our altimetry-based approach can be used to study and monitor sea-level variations related to tides or to long-term sea level changes.

Humans influence shark behavior: Evidence from the COVID-19 lockdown

Achieving the UN SD Goals requires the conservation of keystone marine species. As top predators, many sharks play a crucial role in balancing marine ecosystems; yet, they have been experiencing severe population declines. Overfishing is indisputably the main threat to shark populations, but little is known about the impact of non-extractive human pressure. This study tests the effect of varied human presence on shark behavior at an insular marine reserve. In 2020, humans were virtually absent from Fernando de Noronha (FEN), Brazil, during a 211-days lockdown period prompted by the COVID-19 pandemics. A local shark tracking program rendered nearly 280000 acoustic detections in coastal waters from 2016 through 2021. Lemon sharks, Negaprion brevirostris, showed a 43% increase in detection rate during the lockdown which was ascribed to the concomitant decrease in human presence. In contrast, the detection rate of tiger sharks, Galeocerdo cuvier, decreased by 67% during the lockdown, but this trend was likely related to seasonality in tiger shark behavior. After the lockdown, both species’ detection rates tended to return to previous levels. Further, lemon sharks increased diurnal coastal residency and made more use of areas less restrictive to human use during the lockdown, whilst tiger sharks increased nocturnal coastal residency during and after the lockdown period. Contrasting trends might relate with lemon sharks completing their life cycle in FEN and tiger sharks being migrants arriving to FEN at older ages and being less exposed to local anthropogenic stimuli across ontogeny. This study demonstrates that non-extractive human disturbance can induce significant changes in the way marine predators explore crucial habitats for accomplishing trophic, reproductive, and ontogenetic functions. Ascertaining the ecological impacts of marine-based human development should thus consider cryptic responses by keystone megafauna to the anthropogenic landscape produced by an ever-growing coastal population. The designation of human exclusion marine areas could emerge as the single solution to endow shark populations with suitable habitats for optimizing their resilience to human pressure.

County‐level cumulative effect of ambient PM2.5 exposure on the Alzheimer’s disease mortality rate in the west coast regions of the United States

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have investigated the relationship between long‐term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), yet studies on the cumulative effect of PM2.5 exposure are limited. This study assesses the association between the county‐level cumulative PM2.5 exposure at a level above 35 ug/m3, the safe threshold recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO), on Alzheimer’s mortality in the west coast population of the United States.MethodAnnual county‐level Alzheimer’s disease mortality rates from 2010 to 2019 were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention WONDER database, and the cumulative county‐level PM2.5 exposure greater than 35 ug/m3 were derived from publicly accessible data at the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Analysis focused on 76 counties for about 48 million people in the states of Washington, Oregon, and California of the US.Analysis was conducted using a Bayesian spatiotemporal linear mixed effects model with the Markov Chain Monte Carlo Simulations. For each county, the log transformed county‐level annual AD mortality rates were regressed against the total number of days with concentration levels of PM2.5 over 35 ug/m3 in the year and its past t years, where t = 1, 2, …, 10 (Figure 1 for t = 10). Each of the 10 regression models was adjusted for thirteen potentially confounding variables including the rate of poverty, percent rural land area, median household income, percent unemployed, percent uninsured, percent obesity, percent smokers, percent excessive drinking, percent African American, percent Asian, percent Hispanic, percent ages under 18, and percent ages 65 and older.ResultResults showed that in periods of three calendar years or longer, having a higher number of days of PM2.5 exceeding the safe level is associated with a higher rate of AD mortality (Figure 2). The results also showed an increasing trend between AD mortality and years of cumulative PM2.5 exposure.ConclusionCumulative PM2.5 exposure at a level above the WHO recommended safe threshold is associated with AD mortality rate in three west coast states of the US.

Genetic Affinities and Adaptation of the South-West Coast Populations of India.

Evolutionary event has not only altered the genetic structure of human populations but also associated with social and cultural transformation. South Asian populations were the result of migration and admixture of genetically and culturally diverse groups. Most of the genetic studies pointed to large-scale admixture events between Ancestral North Indian (ANI) and Ancestral South Indian (ASI) groups, also additional layers of recent admixture. In the present study, we have analyzed 213 individuals inhabited in South-west coast India with traditional warriors and feudal lord status and historically associated with migratory events from North/North West India and possible admixture with West Eurasian populations, whose genetic links are still missing. Analysis of autosomal Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers suggests that these groups possibly derived their ancestry from some groups of North West India having additional Middle Eastern genetic components. Higher distribution of West Eurasian mitochondrial haplogroups also points to female-mediated admixture. Estimation of Effective Migration Surface (EEMS) analysis indicates Central India and Godavari basin as a crucial transition zone for population migration from North and North West India to South-west coastal India. Selection screen using 3 distinct outlier-based approaches revealed genetic signatures related to Immunity and protection from Viral infections. Thus, our study suggests that the South-west coastal groups with traditional warriors and feudal lords' status are of a distinct lineage compared to Dravidian and Gangetic plain Indo-Europeans and are remnants of very early migrations from North West India following the Godavari basin to Karnataka and Kerala.

Misperception of drivers of risk alters willingness to adapt in the case of sargassum influxes in West Africa

Since 2011, large influxes of a brown macroalgae (pelagic sargassum seaweed) have proliferated across the Tropical Atlantic basin, its dispersal and seasonality theorized to be driven by localized and large scale winds and currents, in combination with changes in the Atlantic Meridional Mode and ocean upwelling. These influxes seasonally affect coastal populations across the breadth of the Tropical Atlantic (from central America to West Africa), causing damage to: economies, marine-based and non-marine coastal livelihoods, social functioning, health, ecology, and the aesthetics of the local environment. We use the ongoing sargassum influx in West Africa as a case study of adaptation to an emergent (and compound) risk in progress that also contributes to the empirical gap in sargassum adaptation research in West Africa. The research, in four sites in the Western Region of Ghana employs data from 16 focus group discussions, six key informant interviews, and participant observation. We finds that due to a series of coincidences, participant communities perceive that sargassum influxes were seeded by and then annually driven by oil and gas exploration in Western Ghana. This is in contrast to scientific research that indicates that pelagic sargassum was initially seeded in the tropical Atlantic basin (from the Sargasso Sea) in 2010 following an anomalous weather event in winter 2009–2010. Following Rogers’ Protection Motivation Theory, we explore the sources of information and the processing of that information to understand the divergence between scientific and community perceptions of the physical drivers. We find that community perceptions of oil and gas company responsibility for causing the sargassum problem leads the communities to perceive that the oil and gas companies should be responsible for the clean-up activities. Communities are further constrained by a perceived lack of capacity to act. Solutions to address this adaptation impasse could involve the government working with communities and the oil and gas industry to clarify the actual drivers of sargassum. Such guidance may open opportunities for the government and industry to work with communities to address misperceptions of the scientific nature of the influxes. Collaborative approaches, while addressing extant tensions, may also change the narrative about the problem, support affected communities to engage with adaptive measures, including re-use opportunities, and enhance community capacity to act. As a present-day emergent risk, pelagic sargassum provides an unusual yet contemporary empirical study of real-time adaptation and the central role of perceptions in shaping proactive adaptation and seeking exploitable opportunities from new environmental risks.

How megadrought causes extensive mortality in a deep-rooted shrub species normally resistant to drought-induced dieback: The role of a biotic mortality agent.

Southern California experienced unprecedented megadrought between 2012 and 2018. During this time, Malosma laurina, a chaparral species normally resilient to single-year intense drought, developed extensive mortality exceeding 60% throughout low-elevation coastal populations of the Santa Monica Mountains. We assessed the physiological mechanisms by which the advent of megadrought predisposed M. laurina to extensive shoot dieback and whole-plant death. We found that hydraulic conductance of stem xylem (Ks, native ) was reduced seven to 11-fold in dieback adult and resprout branches, respectively. Staining of stem xylem vessels revealed that dieback plants experienced 68% solid-blockage, explaining the reduction in water transport. Following Koch's postulates, persistent isolation of a microorganism in stem xylem of dieback plants but not healthy controls indicated that the causative agent of xylem blockage was an opportunistic endophytic fungus, Botryosphaeria dothidea. We inoculated healthy M. laurina saplings with fungal isolates and compared hyphal elongation rates under well-watered, water-deficit, and carbon-deficit treatments. Relative to controls, we found that both water deficit and carbon-deficit increased hyphal extension rates and the incidence of shoot dieback.

Genetic structure of Rhodeus sinensis reflects historical imprints of East Asian paleo-drainages

ABSTRACT A complete reconstruction of the history regarding the distribution of a species requires a separate analysis of the events before and after colonizing the current distribution. In a freshwater species, the historical pattern of linkages between water systems, as an event before colonization, can be determined by examining the phylogenetic relationship between the populations from different drainages. Given the insular nature of freshwater systems, on the other hand, intra-population genetic diversity is largely related to the effective sizes of the first colonizing populations and the habitat capacities. This study analyzed the genetic diversity and structure of Rhodeus sinensis, a freshwater acheilognathid inhabiting the southern and western parts of the Korean Peninsula using two mitochondrial and twenty microsatellite loci. Korean R. sinensis appears to have originated from mainland China along the paleo-Yellow river across the vast continental shelf of the Yellow Sea and first colonized the west coast of the Korean Peninsula, based on phylogenetic data obtained from mitochondrial loci. These west coast populations have remained relatively small, and populations that migrated south appear to have thrived in the southwestern part of the peninsula, where the populations thereby displayed relatively high genetic diversity. Southern populations appear to have been formed by the movement of relatively small numbers following geological fluctuations, which likely have left traces of genetic drift throughout history, as also reflected in our results. The population of this species on the southeast coast of the peninsula appears to have been established by anthropogenic translocation.

Dental wear in a marine economy: A case study from Philistine Ashkelon

AbstractIn the Iron Age IIA Philistine cemetery at Ashkelon (modern Israel), roughly 11% of individuals exhibit severe and highly variable dental wear, which we explore here at two timescales: wear that accumulates over days and weeks (microwear) and wear that accumulates over months and years (macrowear). Using teeth from both adult and nonadult individuals, we first established categories of dental macrowear patterns and sorted individuals within them. We then made replicas of the teeth from 27 individuals having both typical and atypical dental wear and performed metrology by noncontact profilometry on a reflected light microscope. We then calculated each tooth's surface roughness (Sa) and collected qualitative observations of teeth within each macrowear category. Our findings show no macrowear or microwear pattern exclusive to sex or age group. Likewise, there are no statistically significant differences (p &lt; 0.05) in Sa between adult males and females, and sampled nonadults fall within two standard deviations of the pooled adult means. The microscopic surfaces of all teeth show a wide variety of textures on the occlusal surfaces, including wavy striations, deep parallel striations, globular pitting, and newly described rectangular pits. These results indicate that individuals used their teeth as a third hand while manipulating objects and that children also participated in these activities. Due to the similarities in dental wear between Ashkelon and other coastal populations, we conclude that the observed wear patterns arose from the performance of specialized tasks for a marine‐based economy.

Zooplankton biodiversity and temporal dynamics (2005-2015) in a coastal station in western Portugal (Northeastern Atlantic Ocean).

Long-term monitoring of zooplankton assemblages provides essential knowledge to assess key factors impacting marine ecosystems. Despite the importance of this type of data, monitoring stations worldwide are spatially and temporally limited due to the difficulty of maintaining them. In the northeastern Atlantic area, Cascais-Watch is one monitoring site operating since 2005, despite some constraints throughout the years, and has allowed the collection of important data on the zooplankton communities of the area. The present work summarizes the knowledge collected until 2015 on the biodiversity and dynamics of zooplankton in the site. The results showed a year-round high productivity of the zooplankton abundance, biomass and diversity for the area, with no significant general trends or periodicity, despite the relatively lower winter and higher spring values. The results revealed two main transition periods with marked changes in species composition and dominance of the most abundant taxa. This shift was tentatively attributed to the extended annual dry season verified in Portugal after 2011, the low values of upwelling and precipitation, and the warmer waters. The zooplankton abundance presented an interannual increase for spring periods, and the proportion of Copepoda, the dominant taxa, was lower during summer months, corresponding to increased abundances of Mollusca, Diplostraca (Cladocera) and Cnidaria. In particular, the study shows an increasing abundance of the gelatinous species (particularly Cnidaria) for spring/summer months in recent years, suggesting changes in primary production and prey dynamics. Other relevant tendencies were the higher abundance of meroplankton, such as Bivalvia and fish larvae/eggs, and the decreasing trend in the abundance of the meroplanktonic coastal crustaceans, Decapoda and Cirripedia taxa, highlighting possible changes in the benthic coastal populations in the study region. The present study highlights probable changes and trends in the zooplankton community that should be monitored in the following years.

Seasonal roost characteristics and fall behavior of coastal populations of Northern Myotis (Myotis septentrionalis)

Abstract Temperate bats exhibit seasonal and sex differences in resource selection and activity patterns that are influenced by ambient conditions. During fall, individuals face energetic trade-offs as they make choices relating to migration, mating, and hibernation that may diverge for populations throughout their range. However, research has largely focused on the summer maternity and winter hibernation seasons, whereas the prehibernation period remains comparatively understudied. Northern Myotis (Myotis septentrionalis) have experienced precipitous population declines from white-nose syndrome (WNS), leading to their protected status in the United States and Canada. Therefore, understanding their ecology throughout the year is paramount to inform conservation. We compared seasonal roosts and documented fall behaviors between study sites and sexes on 3 islands: Long Island (New York), Martha’s Vineyard, and Nantucket Island (Massachusetts). Between 2017 and 2020, we radio-tracked 54 individuals to analyze activity patterns and characterize fall roosts to compare with previously known summer roosts. Summer tree roosts were of smaller diameter, later stages of decay, and lower canopy closure than those used in fall. Both sexes selected trees of similar diameter and decay stage during fall. Anthropogenic roost use was documented in both seasons but use of anthropogenic structures was greater during fall and increased as the season progressed. Bats made short inter-roost movements with males traveling greater distances than females on average. Activity occurred until late November, with males exhibiting a longer active period than females. We tracked 23% of tagged bats to local hibernacula in subterranean anthropogenic structures, the majority of which were crawlspaces underneath houses. Use of anthropogenic structures for roosts and hibernacula may facilitate survival of this species in coastal regions despite the presence of WNS infections. Timing of restrictions on forest management activities for bat conservation may be mismatched based on prehibernation activity observed in these coastal populations, and the conservation of habitat surrounding anthropogenic roosts or hibernacula may be warranted if the structures themselves cannot be protected.

Settlement Chronology and Subsistence Patterns in Cabo Pulmo, Baja California Sur, Mexico

ABSTRACT Cabo Pulmo National Park (CPNP), within the East Cape of Baja California Sur, Mexico, is the location of a highly productive rocky reef ecosystem that was likely attractive to people throughout the Holocene. AMS radiocarbon dates from sites along the coast and faunal data from two excavated sites, D20 and D27, indicate people were present in the region by at least 7120–6755 cal b.p. (D34), but evidence of persistent occupation and possibly higher population densities postdates 2110–1945 cal b.p. (D27, Unit 1). The most prominent sites with intact stratified archaeological deposits appear to be focused adjacent to prominent rocky points, where assemblages include a variety of marine mollusks, fish, birds, terrestrial and marine mammals, and sea turtle remains. At both D20 and D27, there is evidence people targeted small fishes including sardines, likely with nets. This study highlights the strong archaeological potential in CPNP to address questions about human coastal adaptations and population history during the Holocene, emphasizing the importance of protecting cultural resources in an area at risk from growing tourism and residential development.