Part Of Coast Research Articles

Study of ice gouging in the coastal part of the Sakhalin Island shelf

Study of ice gouging in the coastal part of the Sakhalin Island shelf

ОЦІНКА РОЗВИТКУ ГОТЕЛЬНОЇ ІНДУСТРІЇ ЛОКАЛЬНОЇ ДЕСТИНАЦІЇ В ОДЕСЬКІЙ ОБЛАСТІ

The article considers the development of the hotel industry as a basis for the formation, managing and development of tourism destinations in Odesa region at local level due to the new paradigm of the territorial division (amalgamated hromadas). Analysis of statistical data on the number of collective accommodation facilities, the volume of accommodated persons shows the lack of coverage of accommodation facilities, as a significant part of institutions is not considered and does not give a complete picture of the structure and location of the hotel industry in Odessa region. Thus, most accommodation facilities are concentrated in large cities and coastal areas, while inland, peripheral areas have a low level of the hotel industry development and they are areas of concentration of attractions (cultural heritage, natural sites), but not the areas of temporary staying of tourists). Based on official statistics, indicators were calculated that show the insufficient level of development of the hotel industry outside the coastal part of Odessa region. 2017–2019 years indicate an increasing trend in the number of temporary accommodation and catering establishments. The development of destinations in the Odessa region requires the intensification of the creation of accommodation and catering entities that will have a positive impact on the employment of the rural population, the creation of potential attractions, and the development of local destinations. This requires the creation of strategic alliances in the field of tourism, the hotel industry with all stakeholders: public and private entities forming the regional tourism market. Further research of local destinations should be conducted using field research methods: database of local communities, registered locations on Google Map, surveys of owners of collective accommodation, tourists. The surveys should indicate of the consumer profile of tourist services, the main problems faced by participants in the tourism market services, the formation of recommendations for the strategy of tourism development at the local level.

Clinicolaboratory and treatment profile of dengue in children: Observations from a tertiary care hospital

Background: Dengue fever (DF) is an arboviral disease of public importance with high mortality and morbidity in tropics. The school-going children are at high risk of developing dengue as they are exposed to the vector, female Aedes aegypticus mosquito, during daytime. The paediatric patients may not present with typical symptoms like in adults. Aim: The aim of this study is to study the clinical and laboratory parameters in paediatric patients with emphasis on various haematological ratios. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in the Clinical Microbiology Department of Tertiary Care Hospital in the coastal part of Karnataka, India, to compare the clinichaematological parameters in the paediatric patients diagnosed with DF. The data were retrospectively collected from January 2015 to December 2018 entered into Microsoft excel, and statistical analysis was done by the Student's t-test. P

Application of GIS and Remote Sensing in Determining Trends in Wind Energy Potential and Its Uses for Designing Development Strategies in Ghana

This paper is purported to determine the wind energy potential of Ghana for 2010 and 2018 using GIS and RS technologies and how the result could be used to develop a country strategy that benefits the ordinary Ghanaian. In doing this, two different wind potential maps of Ghana were generated for 2010 and 2018 using data from Ghana meteorological Unit and Windfinder respectively. Moreover, the Inverse Distance Weighted interpolation of winds peed was used to generate the maps at different hub heights for 2010 and 2018. The results indicate that, the 2010 wind map showed wind speed is highest (8m/s) in the southernmost part of Ghana (i.e. Coastal part of Greater Accra and Volta Regions) at 10m high while the wind map of 2018 showed that wind speed is highest (9m/s) in the Upper East Region of Ghana at 10m high. As wind energy is untapped in Ghana, we advised that Government should further explore the results for the Upper East Region in ascertaining that it was not influenced by Trade winds and apply to different sectors of the economy through appropriate institutional regulations. The wind energy in Northern Ghana should be dedicated to mechanized agriculture, augmenting electricity tariffs for the poor in those areas and extending electricity to rural communities that do not have access to the national grid under the rural electrification project. Meanwhile, the wind energy generated from the southern part of Ghana should be dedicated mostly to commercial and industrial activities. Keywords: Wind Energy Potential, mechanized agriculture, industrial application, GIS, RS

Application of GIS and Remote Sensing in Determining Trends in Wind Energy Potential and Its Uses for Designing Development Strategies in Ghana

This paper is purported to determine the wind energy potential of Ghana for 2010 and 2018 using GIS and RS technologies and how the result could be used to develop a country strategy that benefits the ordinary Ghanaian. In doing this, two different wind potential maps of Ghana were generated for 2010 and 2018 using data from Ghana meteorological Unit and Windfinder respectively. Moreover, the Inverse Distance Weighted interpolation of winds peed was used to generate the maps at different hub heights for 2010 and 2018. The results indicate that, the 2010 wind map showed wind speed is highest (8m/s) in the southernmost part of Ghana (i.e. Coastal part of Greater Accra and Volta Regions) at 10m high while the wind map of 2018 showed that wind speed is highest (9m/s) in the Upper East Region of Ghana at 10m high. As wind energy is untapped in Ghana, we advised that Government should further explore the results for the Upper East Region in ascertaining that it was not influenced by Trade winds and apply to different sectors of the economy through appropriate institutional regulations. The wind energy in Northern Ghana should be dedicated to mechanized agriculture, augmenting electricity tariffs for the poor in those areas and extending electricity to rural communities that do not have access to the national grid under the rural electrification project. Meanwhile, the wind energy generated from the southern part of Ghana should be dedicated mostly to commercial and industrial activities. Keywords: Wind Energy Potential, mechanized agriculture, industrial application, GIS, RS

Pollen based inference of Holocene sea level changes, depositional environment and climatic history of Cauvery delta, Southern India

Palynological and other sedimentary records in the south-eastern peninsular India where the retreating (North-East) monsoon brings the main rainfall are scarce. This paper tries to address not only this gap in data but also the methodological challenges of interpreting such data in terms of sea level, depositional environment and climatic changes of the area going back nearly 11040 years. In addition to other (chemical) proxies studied previously, pollen data of a chronologically well constrained sediment core (~20 m) from Porayar (11°01.178′N 79°50.446′E), in the coastal marginal part of the Cauvery delta, Southern India, have been analyzed. The three major pollen zones observed since 11,040 years are presented and discussed, as are the methodological challenges of interpreting the vegetation record in such a dynamic and diverse environment (the delta plains of southern India). The zones observed indicate various transitions: from a lower sea level condition to a more stable sea level that created an estuarine environment filled with brackish water that supported pollen assemblages of a marshland but not a true mangrove. Concurrently, pollen assemblages that indicate catchments at multiple spatial scales – local to regional, extending from the North-East monsoon dominated delta to the Western Ghats is also inferred for climate interpretation.

STAGES OF GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND GENETIC TYPES OF THE ROOT PRIMARY SOURCE OF AMBER-SUCCINITE PLACERS OF UKRAINE

The most crucial problem of placer geology is the determination of its root source. Despite the large number of works dedicated to the study of amber placers formed in the territory from the Baltic coast to the Black and Azov Seas, so far, no native source has been established. Therefore, this article aims to establish the genetic type of the source of ambersuccinite placers formed under optimal climatic conditions of the first half of the Middle Eocene (Buchak time, Lutetian) on the territory of the low plains of the Ukrainian Shield surrounded by shallow sea basins. The article discusses a set of factors that contributed to forming the source of amber-succinites and forming its placers within the Ukrainian Shield and its slopes, covering the bordering areas of the Pripyat Trough, the Dnieper-Donetsk and the Black Sea depressions, and the Volyn-Podilsk Plate.For the first time, the authors have established that the primary source of amber-succinite placers is not the generally recognized “amber-bearing” pines of Scandinavia. Instead, it is the primary biogenic-sedimentary deposits of tar secretions (according to the authors — proto-amber, resin bodies at the early stage of fossilization) mainly of coniferous trees. These secretions were fossilized in the humidified forest bedding of the Buchak time in the lower half of the Middle Eocene. Only as a result of erosion of these biogenic-sedimentary deposits by river waters and other agents of denudation, proto-amber was transported in the post-Buchak time to various areas of sedimentation, where the formation of various mineral species of fossil resins took place. Amber-succinite was not found in the marine sediments of Buchak time, that indicates immaturity of the proto-amber for conversion into succinite at that time.On the territory of Ukraine only in the sea paleo-basin, which surrounded the Ukrainian Shield from the north, east, and south-west, the proto-amber acquired all the features and properties of amber-succinites at the end of the MiddleUpper Eocene — Early Oligocene. Thus, it is the paleo peat bogs of the Lower Middle Eocene that contain the protoamber (resin bodies at the early stage of fossilization) that are the root source of amber-succinite placers.Based on the comprehensive geological and palaeogeographical analysis of the region’s natural conditions in the Eocene—Oligocene, when the tar bodies accumulated in this area and transformed into fossil resins, the authors identified the main stages of tar resin fossilization during the long transition from the biosphere to the lithosphere. These are three transformation stages: terrestrial, marine, and post-diagenetic. Secondary placers of amber-succinites have accumulated in the coastal, estuarine, and remote parts of the sea shelf. They are covered by sediments from the Kyiv, Obukhiv, and Mezhyhirya regional stages formed at the end of the Oligocene when primary biogenic-sedimentary deposits were eroded.

Biodiversity of the proposed reserve “Pshinchyne”

According to the results of a study of the valley of the river Khmelivka near the Basivka and Pshinchyne villages, Romny district, Sumy region the biodiversity was firstly characterized and the creation of the reserve with the local value named «Pshinchyne» was offered. 
 Flora, vegetation and fauna of the territory were studied with the usage of recognized floristical, geobotanical, zoological methods, reconnaissance and route-detailed in particular. We investigated that the dominating part of this valley territory is covered by the air-watered vegetation represented by the mono-groups of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.). Peat meadows are spread with the domination of Deshampsia caespitosa (L.) P. Beauv.). Meadow-steppe groups dominate on the two barrows with the major abundance of Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski, Festuca valesiaca Gaudin, Festuca pratensis Huds., Poa pratensis L., Carex hirta L. We marked that within the river valley the trees Alnus glutinosa L. (Gaerth.), Salix fragilis L., Populus tremula L., Salix triandra L., Salix pentandra L. are actively spread. 
 The analisys of the fauna of the territory showed that at the riverbed part Rana ridibund and Rana arvalis are spread. Natrix natrix occurred at the coastal part. At the land part it was pointed the representatives of Capreolus capreolus, Lepus europaeus, Vulpes vulpes.
 The sozological value of the proposed reserve «Pshinchyne» consists of the 2 flora species declared in the Red book of Ukraine ‒ Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.) Soó. і Dactylorhyza fuchsii (Druce) Soо. and 23 plant species represented in the Red list of IUCN with the LC range of protection. Among the fauna there are 27 species with the IUCN protection status with the LC range, among them – 19 belong to the lists of annexes II and III of Bern convention. The results of conducted geographic-aesthetical and psycho-aesthetical rating bear evidence to high aesthetical value of the landscape of the river valley Khmelivka near Basivka and Pshinchyne villages and confirmed the expediency of this territory to be included to the nature reserve fund of Sumy region.

Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of Borrelia miyamotoi strains from ticks collected in the capital region of Finland

Borrelia miyamotoi is an emerging pathogen that shares high similarity with relapsing fever Borrelia, but has an atypical clinical presentation. Within the framework of tick-borne disease surveillance in Finland, human serum samples suspected for tick-borne encephalitis (n=974) and questing ticks (n=739) were collected from the capital region in Finland to determine the prevalence of B. miyamotoi. All tested human samples were negative and 5 (0.68 %) Ixodes ricinus ticks were positive for B. miyamotoi. Partial sequencing of the flagellin (flaB) gene of 3 positive samples and 27 B. miyamotoi-positive tick samples obtained from previous studies across Finland were amplified, sequenced, and included in the phylogenetic analysis.The phylogenetic tree revealed that most B. miyamotoi strains isolated from ticks in Finland share high similarity with other European strains, including strains related to human infection. Possible disease transmission may occur during exposure to tick bites. A single strain collected from an I. persulcatus tick in Pajujärvi grouped with an outlier of B. miyamotoi strains isolated from Russia and Far East Asian countries. Further studies should investigate the pathogen’s role in human infection in Finland.Another important finding is the occurrence of I. persulcatus ticks (8%) collected by crowdsourcing from the coastal southern part of Finland. This suggests a regular introduction and a possible wide expansion of this tick species in the country. This could be associated with transmission of new pathogens.

Farmers’ Problems Associated with Cultivation of Sunflower: A Case Study of Barguna District, Bangladesh

Sunflower cultivation is a profitable enterprise to the farmers, but in the coastal part of Bangladesh sunflower is a new crop for the Rabi season. The present study was conducted to determine the socio-economic characteristics of the sunflower growers and to identify the problems facing from production to marketing in Barguna district. The study was conducted in coastal belt of Barguna district from where 100 samples were randomly collected. Descriptive statistical method was used for the analysis. The results revealed that seed, labor, irrigation and marketing of sunflower oil were top of the problems faced by the sunflower growers. Ranking of the specific problems showed that high charge of labor ranked first, salinity problem ranked second, stem rot ranked third, low market price than production cost ranked forth, training ranked fifth, high price of seed ranked sixth. Irrigation machinery, proper marketing facilities, reducing price of seed, appropriate training programs, setting up oil processing mill are the necessary solutions to overcome sunflower cultivation problems.

A probabilistic-deterministic analysis of human health risk related to the exposure to potentially toxic elements in groundwater of Urmia coastal aquifer (NW of Iran) with a special focus on arsenic speciation and temporal variation

The human exposure to groundwater contamination with toxic elements is a worldwide concern. In this study, multivariate statistics coupled with probabilistic and deterministic risk estimation approaches were applied to 173 groundwater samples of Urmia aquifer (UA) to evaluate human health risks in relation to the consumption of groundwater contaminated with toxic elements. The concentrations of aluminum (Al), barium (Ba), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) were below their corresponding maximum permissible levels as advised by the WHO, USEPA, and Iranian guidelines. However, arsenic (As), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), and selenium (Se) were elevated at some locations. Monte Carlo simulation-based probabilistic risk estimation suggested ingestion as the dominant pathway for water-hosted element exposure. Mean values of hazard index estimated for As exposure from combined ingestion and dermal contact pathways exceeded the safe level of 1.0 for both adults and children, indicated potential non-carcinogenic health risks. The total cancer risk induced by groundwater As exceeded the acceptable limit of 1 × 10–4. Sensitivity analysis highlighted exposure duration, element concentration in water, and average time as the most significant variables causing the probable health risks. Speciation modeling using PHREEQC highlighted the occurrence of As(V) and As(III) in groundwater of the UA. Reductive dissolution of Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxides and clay minerals was identified as the main controlling mechanism of As mobilization. This communication emphasizes the need for appropriate approaches in mitigating toxic element contamination of water resources in coastal parts of the UA to safeguard public health from carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks.

El Ni\xf1o Southern Oscillation as an early warning tool for dengue outbreak in India

BackgroundDengue is rapidly expanding climate-sensitive mosquito-borne disease worldwide. Outbreaks of dengue occur in various parts of India as well but there is no tool to provide early warning. The current study was, therefore, undertaken to find out the link between El Niño, precipitation, and dengue cases, which could help in early preparedness for control of dengue.MethodsData on Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) was extracted from CPC-IRI (USA) while the data on monthly rainfall was procured from India Meteorological Department. Data on annual dengue cases was taken from the website of National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP). Correlation analysis was used to analyse the relationship between seasonal positive ONI, rainfall index and dengue case index based on past 20 years’ state-level data. The dengue case index representing ‘relative deviation from mean’ was correlated to the 3 months average ONI. The computed r values of dengue case index and positive ONI were further interpreted using generated spatial correlation map. The short-term prediction of dengue probability map has been prepared based on phase-wise (El Niño, La Niña, and Neutral) 20 years averaged ONI.ResultsA high correlation between positive ONI and dengue incidence was found, particularly in the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Haryana, Uttarakhand, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Delhi, Daman and Diu. The states like Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Manipur, Mizoram, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh, Orissa, and Andhra Pradesh shown negative correlation between summer El Niño and dengue incidence. Two - three month lag was found between monthly ‘rainfall index’ and dengue cases at local-scale analysis.ConclusionThe generated map signifies the spatial correlation between positive ONI and dengue case index, indicating positive correlation in the central part, while negative correlation in some coastal, northern, and north-eastern part of India. The findings offer a tool for early preparedness for undertaking intervention measures against dengue by the national programme at state level. For further improvement of results, study at micro-scale district level for finding month-wise association with Indian Ocean Dipole and local weather variables is desired for better explanation of dengue outbreaks in the states with ‘no association’.

Persistent spatial gaps in ornithological study in Australia, 1901–2011

At the continental scale, ecological research effort is not spatially uniform. We used a century-long bibliometric database of the journal Emu – Austral Ornithology to index the spatial patterns in bird research in Australia (from articles with explicit study locations). Studies have been concentrated in Tasmania and the southwest, southeast and coastal parts of the mainland. Large spatial gaps exist in ornithological study, which are similar to those identified by Arnold Robert McGill in his 1948 review paper ( McGill 1948 ). Pre-1948 only 9.4% of articles [n = 2,107] fell within the gaps mapped by McGill in 1948, indicating that his mapping was largely accurate. These gaps have largely persisted; only 11.2% of the 1,498 articles published since 1948 came from within those gaps. We present a complementary spatial gap analysis, which focuses on studies of areas with broadly similar biogeographies (Interim Biogeographical Regions of Australia (IBRAs)). Of 85 mainland IBRAs (of 89 defined), five have no bird studies from within them (368,380 km2; 4.9% of Australia), and 34 have less than 10 studies (3,335,498 km2; 43.9%). We intersect IBRAs with McGill's gaps and show that some IBRAs within McGill's gaps are now better-studied, but 64.8% of the area within the McGill gaps boundaries comprises IBRAs where there have been no post-1948 studies in Emu. We also present an updated map of key geographical gaps in the study of Australian birds, which apparently remain extensive 60 years after they were first identified.

Major, Minor and Trace Elements Existence in Surface Sediments from Gwadar to Jiwani Coastal Areas of Pakistan

This study was carried out along the western coastal parts of Balochistan from Gwadar east Bay to Jiwani. The local anomaly of major, minor and trace elements were studied in this area. Zone-I (Gwadar east and west Bay) indicates that calcium oxide, potassium oxide and titanium dioxide have higher or average concentrations, while ZoneII indicates higher or average concentrations of calcium oxide, titanium dioxide and ferric oxide. Trace elements zirconium, chromium, europium, strontium, and copper are in higher or average concentrations in both zones. Gwadar west Bay and Jiwani are intermediate in carbonate, which show a high degree of maturity, suggesting the high rate of weathering in the source area. Sediment samples from Ganz, Jiwani, and Gwadar east Bay represent the quartz-rich fields in this region. Gwadar east Bay has a positive correlation between aluminium oxide and potassium oxide which suggests that abundance of potassium oxide is controlled by variation in K-feldspar contents. A positive correlation between strontium and calcium oxide suggests that strontium is associated with calcium oxide in biogenic carbonate material in Gwadar west Bay. The positive correlation between aluminium oxide, copper, and zinc in Pishukan indicates that the abundance of these elements is due to limited silt and clay fractions present in sediments. Enrichment factor shows that chromium and strontium are probably of anthropogenic origin in this region. Keywords

Ihlamur Ağacı Tilia rubra subsp. caucasica (Rupr.) V. Engl. Yapraklarının Yem Değeri Potansiyelinin Belirlenmesi

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi’nin kıyı kesiminde yetişen ıhlamur ağacı [Tilia rubra subsp. caucasica (Rupr.) V. Engl.] yapraklarının yem değeri potansiyelinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla, Temmuz ayının başında bitkinin tam çiçeklenme döneminde 35 farklı ıhlamur ağacından yaprak örnekleri alınmıştır. Yaprak örneklerinde; ham protein (HP), asit deterjanda çözünmeyen lif (ADF), nötral deterjanda çözünmeyen lif (NDF), toplam fosfor (P), potasyum (K), kalsiyum (Ca) ve magnezyum (Mg) analizleri yapılmış, yaprağın Ca/P ve K/(Ca+Mg) oranları saptanmıştır. Araştırma sonucuna göre, ıhlamur ağacı yapraklarının HP, ADF, NDF, P, K, Ca ve Mg içerikleri sırasıyla; % 13.52-23.82, % 21.25-35.73, % 31.58-57.03, % 0.23-0.80, % 0.04-1.75, % 1.80-2.97 ve % 0.21-0.71 arasında değişkenlik göstermiştir. Çalışmada, ıhlamur yaprağının K/(Ca+Mg) oranı 2.2’den düşük çıkmış; Ca/P oranı ise hayvan sağlığı açısından riskli bulunmuştur. Ham protein bakımından zengin olan ıhlamur ağacı yapraklarının kaba yem olarak kullanılması durumunda, yem rasyonlarına P ve K kaynakları eklenmelidir.

Instabilities and vertical mixing in river plumes: application to the Bay of Biscay

In the Bay of Biscay (north-east Atlantic), long-living eddies and the frontal activity that they induce substantially contribute to mesoscale and submesoscale dynamics. Tides and river plumes also contribute to frontal activity. Biological productivity is sensitive to river plume fronts and to external forcings (tides and wind). Considering the importance of river plumes, we study here the structure, stability and vertical mixing processes in such river plumes (similar to those generated by the Gironde river). Restratification budget is considered here for evaluating stirring (frontogenetic/frontolytic) or vertical mixing (parametrised here from Ertel potential vorticity mixing) processes. Using high-resolution idealised numerical simulations, we analyse the evolution of the bulge and of the coastal part of this plume and we conduct sensitivity experiments to the river discharge, to southwesterly winds and to M2 tides. The bulge and the coastal current are stable (unstable) in case of moderate (high) river discharge, due to mixed barotropic/baroclinic instabilities. In the unstable case, near surface symmetric and vertical shear instabilities develop in the coastal current and in the core of the bulge where the Rossby number is large. When southwesterly winds blow, the river plume is squeezed near the coast by Ekman transport. The river plume is then subject to frontal symmetric, baroclinic, barotropic and vertical shear instabilities in the coastal part, north of the estuary (its far field). Conversely, in the presence of M2 tides, the river plume is barotropically, baroclinically and symmetrically unstable in its near field. Interior vertical mixing is induced by advective (stirring) and frontogenetic processes. Frontogenesis is dominant in the far-field (in the presence of southwesterlies) or in the near-field (when M2 tide is active). Frontogenesis is important in the far-field region in unforced river plumes (both with moderate and high river discharges). Potential vorticity is eroded in the far-field when southwesterlies blow. This is primarily due to the frictional processes which are dominant at the surface. This study has identified the instabilities which affect a river plume in different cases, and the local turbulent processes which alter the stratification.

Susceptibility to Seismic Amplification and Earthquake Probability Estimation Using Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) Model in Odisha, India

The eastern region of India, including the coastal state of Odisha, is a moderately seismic-prone area under seismic zones II and III. However, no major studies have been conducted on earthquake probability (EPA) and hazard assessment (EHA) in Odisha. This paper had two main objectives: (1) to assess the susceptibility of seismic wave amplification (SSA) and (2) to estimate EPA in Odisha. In total, 12 indicators were employed to assess the SSA and EPA. Firstly, using the historical earthquake catalog, the peak ground acceleration (PGA) and intensity variation was observed for the Indian subcontinent. We identified high amplitude and frequency locations for estimated PGA and the periodograms were plotted. Secondly, several indicators such as slope, elevation, curvature, and amplification values of rocks were used to generate SSA using predefined weights of layers. Thirdly, 10 indicators were implemented in a developed recurrent neural network (RNN) model to create an earthquake probability map (EPM). According to the results, recent to quaternary unconsolidated sedimentary rocks and alluvial deposits have great potential to amplify earthquake intensity and consequently lead to acute ground motion. High intensity was observed in coastal and central parts of the state. Complicated morphometric structures along with high intensity variation could be other parameters that influence deposits in the Mahanadi River and its delta with high potential. The RNN model was employed to create a probability map (EPM) for the state. Results show that the Mahanadi basin has dominant structural control on earthquakes that could be found in the western parts of the state. Major faults were pointed towards a direction of WNW–ESE, NE–SW, and NNW–SSE, which may lead to isoseismic patterns. Results also show that the western part is highly probable for events while the eastern coastal part is highly susceptible to seismic amplification. The RNN model achieved an accuracy of 0.94, precision (0.94), recall (0.97), F1 score (0.96), critical success index (CSI) (0.92), and a Fowlkes–Mallows index (FM) (0.95).

Investigation of Seawater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers of Kelantan, Malaysia using Geophysical and Hydrochemical Techniques

Seawater intrusion is known to be a major source of groundwater quality deterioration in coastal regions globally. The high population and the modern living standards demand more water, which has put the coastal aquifers under huge stress. Approximately 60% of water production in Kelantan is sourced from groundwater where groundwater abstraction for potable water supply is at its forefront. It is shown that the high rate of water abstraction from shallow and deep wells has put the coastal aquifer under stress to meet the increasing demand, as a result the movement of seawater accelerates fast towards the land which will cause mixing of groundwater with seawater. With this background, an integrated approaches using ERI and in-situ physical and hydrogeochemical technique is used to evaluate the nature and extend of seawater intrusion of shallow aquifers in coastal parts of Kelantan. A total of eight resistivity profile with a line spread of 200 meter each has been established to provide the subsurface resistivity values. The resistivity results showed low resistivity values ranging from 0.1 – 10.0 Ω m indicating that the groundwater is considered brackish or saline. Salinity results of the water analysis showed the value of 0.1, 4.1 and 6.0 parts per thousand (ppt) which considered as saline water zones. The electrical conductivity analysis values also reveal a value ranging from 200 – 2000 µs/cm suggest that aquifer is slightly brackish. Based on the result obtained, it is clear that saline water was detected in the shallow aquifer of the study area.

Design and fabrication of beach cleaning machine

Beaches are one of the main tourist attractions in the coastal parts of India. They are also the most polluted. Most government neglected cleaning of beaches. The main reason being the difficult nature of cleaning it. It takes up lot of resources and time. The workers need to manually pick the waste. The waste when thrown in the sand gets covered with the sand by the heavy coastal winds. This makes the spotting of waste difficult. It is difficult for the workers to clean as they have to dig each cubic feet to collect the waste. The heat and humid climate of the beaches makes the working conditions worse. Many organisations and government bodies are taking several steps to get rid of the waste accumulated in beaches more effectively. India has a long stretch of coastline of about 7517 Km with nearly 170 famous beaches both on eastern and western coasts. Our aim of work is to design and fabricate the beach cleaning machine. We have created a simple economical design so that it will be easy for maintenance and use. The parts have been sourced locally so replacement parts will be easier to get. The machine is environment friendly and can run in any conditions offered by the beach. We have designed and manufactured a beach cleaning machine which is both cheap and easy to use. It does not have a huge learning curve. The machine runs on human power or electric motor. The electric motor is powered by solar panels. This gives an advantage over the current models available in the market which runs in fuel motors. The entire machine is able to fit in the rear of a car.

Современное состояние и результаты сейсмического мониторинга на плотине и береговых склонах Чарвакского водохранилища

Цель. Совершенствование системы мониторинга сейсмичности и реализация новой цифровой системы инженерно-сейсмометрических наблюдений с современной базой обработки сейсмометрической информации на гидротехнических сооружениях Узбекистана.
 Методы. Внедрение цифровой регистрации волн для целей оценки колебаний плотины и береговой части Чарвакского водохранилища.
 Результаты. Определены частоты и скорости колебаний тела плотины и береговых склонов в автоматическом режиме без вмешательства операторов. Рассчитаны отношения амплитуд скорости колебания в измерительных пунктах к амплитудам скорости колебания основания плотины или береговых склонов Чарвакского водохранилища. При регистрации разных землетрясений в разных точках эти отношения значительно изменяются в зависимости от азимута прихода волн. Грунты водохранилища категорированы по сейсмическим свойствам.
 Область применения исследований. Полученные данные экспериментальных исследований могут быть использованы при оценке условий колебаний высоких плотин Чарвакского водохранилища при сильных землетрясениях.