Coastal Cities In China Research Articles

Quantitative risk assessment of storm surge using GIS techniques and open data: A case study of Daya Bay Zone, China

Storm surge is a natural disaster, often causing economic damage and loss of human life in the coastal communities. In recent decades, with more people attracted to coastal areas, the potential economic losses resulted from storm surges are increasing. Therefore, it is important to make risk assessments to identify areas at risk and design risk reduction strategies. However, the quantitative risk assessment of storm surge for coastal cities in China is often difficult due to the lack of adequate data regarding the building footprint and vulnerability curves. This paper aims to provide a methodology for conducting the quantitative risk assessment of storm surge, estimating direct tangible damage, by using Geographical Information System (GIS) techniques and open data. The proposed methodology was applied to a coastal area with a high concentration of petroleum industries in the Daya Bay zone. At first, five individual typhoon scenarios with different return periods (1000, 100, 50, 20, and 10 years) were defined. Then, the Advanced Circulation model and the Simulating Waves Nearshore model were utilized to simulate storm surge. The model outputs were imported into GIS software, transformed into inundation area and inundation depth. Subsequently, the building footprint data were extracted by the use of GIS techniques, including spatial analysis and image analysis. The layer containing building footprints was superimposed on the inundation area layer to identify and quantify the exposed elements to storm surge hazard. Combining the exposed elements with their related depth–damage functions, the quantitative risk assessment translates the spatial extent and depth of storm surge into the estimation of economic losses. The quantitative risk assessment and zonation maps for sub-zones in the study area can help local decision-makers to prioritize the sub-zones that are more likely to be affected by storm surge, make risk mitigation strategies, and develop long-term urban plans.

Bioaccessibility and source-specific health risk of heavy metals in PM2.5 in a coastal city in China

Heavy metals in PM2.5 (a global pollutant) are bio-accessible and highly toxic. Health risk assessment of bioaccessible heavy metals in PM2.5 was analyzed in the present study to relate the bioaccessibility with health outcomes. Then source-specific health risk was used to find out the major health abuser, which could provide reliable evidence for accurate pollution control. PM2.5 samples were collected in four seasons included spring, summer, autumn, and winter in urban and suburban areas in Xiamen, China. The order of heavy metals’ concentrations in PM2.5 was Cu > Zn > Mn > Ni > Pb> V > Co > Cr, urban area > suburb. Heavy metals in PM2.5 were mainly from anthropogenic sources that contributed more than 69.30%, 56.51%, 69.70%, 58.99% in spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively. Bioaccessibility of V, Pb, and Zn was relatively high, Co, Ni, Mn was relatively low after extracting by an artificial lysosomal fluid at pH=4.5. Bioaccessibility of Cr in spring and summer was higher than that in autumn and winter (60.4%–90.7% vs. 16.1%–69.2%) due to different sources and species in various seasons. Bioaccessibility of Cu after 1 d extraction was higher than that after 15 d extraction (69.6%–78.4% vs. 33.8%–48.2%) because of reverse adsorption of filter membranes and particulate matter. Health risks of bioaccessible heavy metals were lower than those of total heavy metals. However, both total and bioaccessible Cr and Cd had carcinogenic risks. Based on the combined positive matrix factorization-health risk (PMF-HR) model, industry, combustion, and traffic emission contributed the most to the health risk of Cr and Cd, followed by soil parent material layer. Our study provided a reliable method to calculate the bioaccessible heavy metal health risk and determine each potential source's contribution to health risk.

Qingdao: the city of ideals

ABSTRACT Qingdao, a stunningly beautiful coastal city in China’s Shandong province, has been regarded as an ideal city over the course of its history. But the content of the ideal has changed over time. In the past, it was associated with nearby Lao Mountain, a sacred Daoist site, and regarded as a spiritual ideal. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, Qingdao was viewed by leading Chinese intellectuals and political reformers as an ideal political city that best expressed modernity. More recently, it has been viewed by ordinary Chinese as China’s most romantic city. In this essay, we draw on history, the strolling method, and interviews with ‘city-zens’ to discuss Qingdao’s ethos and how and why it has changed over time.

Strategy of establishing the super network emergency plan system in coastal cities of China

To make the emergency plan system more feasible and make up for the deficiency of current emergency management organization, a super network structure model of the emergency plan system of coastal cities based on risk scenarios, emergency tasks, emergency resources and emergency capabilities is proposed. Firstly, according to the requirements of the super network structure and the key influencing factors of the emergency plan system in coastal cities, four types of core elements, namely risk scenarios, emergency tasks, emergency resources and emergency capabilities, are proposed. Secondly, the paper defined the relationship of similar core elements and heterogeneous core elements and established a super network structure of coastal city emergency plan system, which consists of four types of core elements and multi-nodes participating in super edge. Thirdly, in order to measure the feasibility of the emergency plan system, the comprehensive index evaluation method of feasibility is proposed by integrating three indicators: node correlation degree, emergency plan system coordination ability and emergency plan system similarity. Finally, the case application shows that the super network model provides an effective method for establishing emergency plan system of coastal cities in China.

An Investigation of Toxic Metal Levels (Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Hg) in Dried Porphyra and Laminaria Collected from Coastal Cities, China.

This investigation was aimed at determining the concentration levels of five toxic heavy metals (lead, cadmium, chromium, arsenic, and mercury) in dried Porphyra and Laminaria samples from coastal city of China. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for determination of lead, cadmium and total arsenic. Atomic fluorescence spectrometry was used for mercury, and liquid chromatography coupled with ICP-MS was used for arsenic speciation. The mean concentrations of lead, cadmium, chromium, total arsenic, and mercury were 0.96 ± 0.03mg/kg, 2.62 ± 0.07mg/kg, 1.64 ± 0.08mg/kg, 36.67 ± 0.53mg/kg, and 7.56 ± 0.42μg/kg for Porphyra samples and 0.61 ± 0.03mg/kg, 0.48 ± 0.02mg/kg, 3.78 ± 0.56mg/kg, 43.85 ± 1.42mg/kg, and 46.61 ± 2.02μg/kg for Laminaria samples. The results were comparable with previous similar research. The potential health risk assessment was conducted by comparing the calculated weekly intakes of toxic metals from Porphyra and Laminaria with provisional tolerable weekly intake. Consumption of these seaweeds does not seem to pose a risk for the consumers' health regarding their content of heavy metals. However, the potential health risk of cadmium should not be overlooked for consumers with high intake of Porphyra.

城市园林不同生活型植物叶片碳、氮、磷生态化学计量特征及其对台风的响应

植物碳（C）、氮（N）、磷（P）含量及其化学计量比对于维持植物的正常生长发育具有重要意义。台风可能通过多种途径影响我国沿海城市园林植物的生长发育，并改变园林植物C、N、P含量及其生态化学计量特征。然而，相关研究鲜有报道，亟待深入。因此，在2020年8月黑格比台风登陆我国浙江省前后，我们对比研究了台风来临前、台风影响期间以及台风过境一周后，台州市主城区常见的乔、灌、草园林植物叶片C、N、P含量及其生态化学计量比变化特征。结果表明：（1）乔、灌、草园林植物叶片的C/N分别为27.3±0.6、42.9±1.4、25.4±2.2，C/P分别为208.8±9.3、194.1±9.6、88.5±5.7，N/P分别为7.7±0.4、4.9±0.2、4.2±0.5，表明研究区域城市园林植物受到N的限制。（2）不同生活型的园林植物叶片C、N、P含量受台风的影响存在不同程度的差异。C与N含量受台风的影响程度均表现为草本>灌木>乔木，P含量受台风的影响程度表现为草本>乔木>灌木。（3）不同生活型的园林植物叶片C、N、P生态化学计量比对台风的响应存在差异。C/N受台风的影响程度表现为草本>灌木>乔木，C/P受台风的影响程度表现为草本>乔木>灌木，而N/P受台风的影响程度表现为乔木>草本>灌木。台风影响一周后，乔、灌、草园林植物叶片C、N、P含量及生态化学计量比能够自我调节进行恢复。可见，台风会对不同生活型的园林植物叶片基础元素含量及生态化学计量比产生不同程度的影响，而园林植物可通过自身内稳态调节机制使台风的影响减小到最低。;The concentrations of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), and their ecological stoichiometric ratios in plant tissues play an important role in maintaining the growth and development of plants. Although the typhoons could affect the growth and development of garden plants in coastal cities of China in many ways, the effects of typhoon on the ecological stoichiometric characteristics of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in urban garden plants have not been demonstrated. Therefore, the concentrations of C, N and P in leaves of common garden trees, shrubs and herbs were measured in Taizhou City, a coastal city in Zhejiang Province before one day, after one day and one week of Typhoon Hagupit in August 2020, respectively. Then, the short-term effects of typhoon Hagupit on the concentrations and stoichiometric ratios of C, N and P in these garden plant leaves were evaluated. The C/N ratio of the investigated garden trees, shrubs and herbs is 27.3±0.6, 42.9±1.4 and 25.4±2.2, respectively; the C/P ratio is 208.8±9.3, 194.1±9.6, 88.5±5.7, respectively; and the N/P ratio is 7.7±0.4, 4.9±0.2, 4.2±0.5, respectively, implying that the investigated urban garden plants are limited by N. The concentrations of C, N and P in garden plant leaves of different life forms were affected by the typhoon to varying degrees, but the concentrations of the measured bioelements gradually recovered to the original level after one week of typhoon impact. Both C and N concentrations in plant leaves were affected by typhoon followed as herb > shrub > tree, while the concentration of P in plant leaves was affected by typhoon followed as herb > tree > shrub. The differential responses of C, N and P stoichiometric ratios in garden plants to the typhoon Hagupit were observed among different plant life forms. The ratio of C to N in plant leaves were affected by the typhoon followed as herb > shrub > tree, the ratios of C to P in plant leaves were affected by the typhoon followed as herb > tree > shrub, and the ratio of N to P in plant leaves were affected by the typhoon followed as tree > herb > shrub, respectively. After one week of the typhoon Hagupit, the concentrations and stoichiometric ratios of C, N and P in garden plants gradually recovered to the pre-typhoon level. In conclusion, the typhoon can have to a certain extent effects on C/N/P stoichiometry of garden plants of different life forms, and garden plants can minimize the impact of typhoon by regulating their homeostasis.

Predicting Urban Growth with Machine Learning

Using machine learning (ML) models, we predict the population growth for the next two, five, and ten years for American and Chinese urban areas. To this end, we construct a rich city-level data set encompassing information on transportation, output, amenities, and human capital. The ML models choose the main urban growth predictors through cross-validation. We find that human capital, real estate investment, amenities, and geographical lo-cation are strong future urban growth predictors for both countries. In the US, intercity transit is a stronger urban growth driver than intracity transit, whereas the opposite holds for China. Our models predict that coastal urban areas in the South Atlantic and the West South Central Division in the US, and southeastern coastal cities in China, will grow the most.

Effects of ecological water diversion in coastal plain river network considering different control plans

The water environment in coastal plain river network becomes serious due to its dense population and low flow rate, the ecological water diversion is widely accepted as an effective method to improve the water quality in coastal areas. As a typical coastal city in China, Pinghu city has suffered from the serious water quality problem for years especially in the downtown area. Therefore, the local water diversion project has been constructed since 2010 for the purpose of providing an efficient way to improve the river network water quality. However, a systematic research of the control plan of water diversion is still necessary. In this study, a numerical model is introduced to predict the improvement of river network water quality considering different control plans. The simulation results comparison among different water diversion control plans show than the pre-drainage plan obtains the best water quality in this coastal plain river network, and it becomes a good choice for the local government to further improve the regional water environment.

Research on Zhanjiang's Leisure Sports Tourism Development Strategy in Coastal Recreational Areas

Liu, Y.; Lai, L., and Yuan, J., 2020. Research on Zhanjiang's leisure sports tourism development strategy in coastal recreational areas. In: Liu, X. and Zhao, L. (eds.), Today's Modern Coastal Society: Technical and Sociological Aspects of Coastal Research. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 111, pp. 248–252. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Against the background of global travel and national fitness, leisure sports tourism satisfies people's fitness and travel demands, brings physical and mental pleasure and enjoyment to tourists, and has become a hotspot of tourism development as a product of leisure sport and tourism integration. Zhanjiang of Guangdong has abundant natural and cultural tourism resources with favorable leisure sports conditions and is especially well known for its coastal recreational area. This paper takes the online comments of tourists from Ctrip, Mafengwo, Qunar, TripAdvisor, and Lvmama as data sources; uses ROST CM6 software to mine and analyze the text content; systematically analyzes the satisfaction of tourists to Zhanjiang through high word frequency, semantic network analysis, and emotion analysis; and finally puts forward an innovative product design and optimized development strategy to provide reference for the development of the sports tourism industry of Zhanjiang, as well as other coastal cities in China.

Research on Innovative Strategy of Sporting Event Logistics Management in Coastal Cities

Shi, L.; Li, X.; Cao, R., and Zhang, X., 2020. Research on innovative strategy of sporting event logistics management in coastal cities. In: Liu, X. and Zhao, L. (eds.), Today's Modern Coastal Society: Technical and Sociological Aspects of Coastal Research. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 111, pp. 302–305. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.Sporting events are an effective way to show a city to the world, and event logistics management is the key to successfully hosting events. This article uses the literature method and field investigation method to research innovative strategies for the logistics management of sporting events in coastal cities in China. The results show that the current logistics operation mode of sporting events is not mature enough; After using the “Internet +” model, the efficiency of sporting event logistics in coastal cities has improved. Innovation strategies include using an innovative operation mode of event logistics and establishing a “one-hour commuting circle for event logistics,” effectively implementing reverse logistics of sporting events, and reducing event logistics costs.

Molecular prevalence, risk factors and genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in wild marine snails collected from offshore waters in eastern China

Increasing evidence exisits for the role that shellfish play in the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in marine environment. However, limited information is available on the level of T. gondii infection in wild marine snails, which can play a role in the transmission of T. gondii to other marine organisms and humans. In this study, the prevalence of T. gondii DNA in wild marine snails collected from three coastal cities in China was determined. Between January 2018 and November 2019, 1,206 wild marine snails were randomly collected and examined for the presence of T. gondii DNA using a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting T. gondii B1 gene. The amplified products were genotyped using multilocus PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. We also examined whether species of snail, sampling region, sampling season, surface runoff near samplic site, residential water discharge near samplic site, and proximity to livestock farms are associated with the occurrence of T. gondii DNA in marine snails. Our results showed that 23 (1.91%) snails were positive for T. gondii B1 gene. The genotype of two of the 23 T. gondii amplicons was consistent with ToxoDB Genotype #9. Multiple logistic regression revealed that surface runoff near the sampling site (P = 0.039, odds ratio [OR] = 3.413, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-10.94) and residential water discharge near the sampling site (P = 0.021, OR = 3.990, 95%CI: 1.24-12.87) are more likely to be associated with the presence of T. gondii DNA in marine snails. The detection of T. gondii DNA in marine snails in China highlights the potential impact of the anthropogenic activities on marine organisms and the potential foodborne risk posed to humans with such an important terrestrial pathogen.

Source apportionment of black carbon aerosols from light absorption observation and source-oriented modeling: an implication in a coastal city in China

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) is the most important light-absorbing aerosol in the atmosphere. However, sources of atmospheric BC aerosols are largely uncertain, making it difficult to assess its influence on radiative forcing and climate change. In this study, year-round light-absorption observations were conducted during 2014 using an aethalometer in Xiamen, a coastal city in Southeast China. Source apportionment of BC was performed and temporal variations in BC sources were characterized based on both light absorption measurements and a source-oriented air quality model. The annual average concentrations of BC from fossil fuel (BCff) and biomass burning (BCbb) by the aethalometer method were 2932 ± 1444 ng m−3 and 1340 ± 542 ng m−3, contributing 66.7 % and 33.3 % to total BC, respectively. A sensitivity analysis was performed with different absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) values of fossil fuel combustion (αff) and biomass burning (αbb), suggesting that the aethalometer method was more sensitive to changes in αbb than αff. BCbb contribution exhibited a clear diurnal cycle, with the highest level (37.9 %) in the evening rush hour and a seasonal pattern with the maximum (39.9 %) in winter. Conditional probability function (CPF) analysis revealed the large biomass-burning contributions were accompanied by east-northeasterly and northerly winds. Backward trajectory indicated that air masses from North and East–Central China were associated with larger biomass-burning contributions. Potential source contribution function (PSCF) and concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) suggested that North and East–Central China and Southeast Asia were potential sources of both BCff and BCbb. The source-oriented modeling results showed that transportation, residential and open biomass burning accounting for 45.3 %, 30.1 % and 17.6 % were the major BC sources. Among the three fuel catalogs, liquid fossil fuel (46.5 %) was the largest source, followed by biomass burning (32.6 %) and coal combustion (20.9 %). Source contributions of fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning identified by the source-oriented model were 67.4 % and 32.6 %, respectively, close to those obtained by the aethalometer method. The findings provide solid support for controlling fossil fuel sources to limit the impacts of BC on climate change and environmental degradation in the relatively clean region in China.

Temporal and spatial characteristics of PM2.5 transport fluxes of typical inland and coastal cities in China

Local pollution and the cross-boundary transmission of pollutants between cities have an inevitable impact on the atmosphere. Quantitative assessments of the contribution of transport to pollution in inland and coastal cities are necessary for the implementation of practical, regional, and joint emission control strategies. In this study, the Comprehensive Air Quality Model (CAMx), together with the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF), was used to simulate the contributions to pollution of different cities in 2016. The monthly inflow, outflow, and net flux from the ground to the extended layers served as the three main indicators for the analysis of the interactions of PM2.5 transport between adjacent cities. Between inland and coastal cities, the magnitude of inflow and outflow are larger in the former than in the latter. The inflow flux in the inland cities (Beijing and Shijiazhuang) was 10.6 and 10.7 kt/day, respectively, while that in the coastal cities (Tianjin, Shanghai, Hefei, Nanjing, and Hangzhou) was 9.1, 3.3, 5.8, 4.4, and 3.7 kt/day, respectively. In terms of variation over the year, the strongest inflow in the BTH region occurred in April, followed by October, July, and January, while that in the coastal cities in YRD occurred in January, followed by October, April, and July. Therefore, based on the flux intensity calculations and the transport flux pathways, effective joint control measures can be provided with scientific support, and a better understanding of the evolutionary mechanism among inland and coastal cities can be acquired.

The Influence of Happiness Based on the Students of Neural Networks -An Empirical Study in Qinhuangdao

Yu, W.; Zheng, X., and Han, W., 2020. The influence of happiness based on the students of neural networks -an empirical study in Qinhuangdao. In: Li, L. and Huang, X. (eds.), Sustainable Development in Coastal Regions: A Perspective of Environment, Economy, and Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 112, pp. 275-278. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.This article takes the Elderly University of Qinhuangdao, a coastal city in China as an example, adopting the Newfoundland Memorial University Happiness Scale to measure the student's happiness score, selecting five variables - the students' gender, living status, education level, major (department) and school learning time - to be used as the main factors of affecting the happiness of senior college students, to construct BP neural network and quantitatively explore the influence of each factor on their happiness. The results of the study show that female students' happiness is higher than that of male students, the level of their happiness is directly related to their living conditions, improved education can increase their happiness, their happiness is directly related to their major, and the longer students learn in school, the higher their happiness will be.

The Development of Marine Sports Tourism Based on Experience Economy

Yang, Y.; Gong, Y., and Li, B., 2020. The development of marine sports tourism based on experience economy. In: Li, L. and Huang, X. (eds.), Sustainable Development in Coastal Regions: A Perspective of Environment, Economy, and Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 112, pp. 106-108. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.With the development of social economy and the improvement of people's living standards, people's consumption requirements have changed from the initial emphasis on products and services to the emphasis on experience. The 21st century is an era of experience economy and ocean, which gives new opportunities and challenges to marine tourism. Sports industry has become one of the most promising industries in the 21st century. “Experience” and “tourism +, sports +” have gradually become the new choice of people's lifestyle. At present, most of the sports tourism products in coastal cities of China are in the primary stage of meeting the basic spiritual needs of customers, which is mainly a single structure product of coastal tourism. Based on the consumption demand in the era of experience economy, this paper puts forward the change of leisure consumption demand and marketing innovation mode, which requires us to continuously develop marine sports tourism products. Based on the customer satisfaction model of experience consumption, this paper analyzes the development of marine sports tourism. This paper constructs the SWOT model, which can better analyze the development of marine tourism. Finally, some suggestions are put forward.

Risk Assessments of Trees and Urban Spaces under Attacks of Typhoons: A Survey and Statistical Study in Guangzhou, China

Typhoon, as one of the extreme climatic disasters, attacks the southeast coastal cities in China every year. To countermeasure the risk of a typhoon on urban tree safety, we established a cooperation research team including professions on urban design and city planning, wind engineering, and tree health assessment and management. This paper presents some statistical studies on the data of the damaged urban trees causing by the typhoons in Guangzhou and some other cities in Pearl River Delta (PRD), China in 2016 - 2018. The data of the damaged trees is imported in a geographic information system (GIS) database and a local climate zone (LCZ) map to analyze the distribution of damaged trees in different urban morphologies and underlying surface patterns. Results show a series of high-risk tree species such as Ficus microcarpa, Ficus virens var.sublanceolata, and Bauhinia variegate in typhoons. Then, six LCZ typologies and four main typologies of urban space are figured out basing on the statistical analysis of the damaged trees. Preliminary results reveal that some kinds of tree species and urban space are at a higher risk level during the typhoons. Current works will support the research on urban tree management, risk management and forecasting, urban planning, and landscape design.

Spatiotemporal variations and risk assessment of ambient air O3, PM10 and PM2.5 in a coastal city of China.

Rapid industrialization and urbanization has created significant air pollution problems that have recently begin to impact the lives and health of human beings in China. This study systematically investigated the spatiotemporal variations and the associated health risks of ambient O3, PM10 and PM2.5 between 2016 and 2019. The relationships between the target air pollutants and meteorological conditions were further analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient method. The results demonstrated that the annual mean concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 experienced a decreasing trend overall, and PM2.5 significantly decreased from 1.54 μg/m3 in 2016 to 1.48 μg/m3 in 2019. In contrast, the annual mean concentrations of O3 were nearly constant during the study period with a slight increasing trend. The pollutants exhibited different seasonal variations and cyclical diurnal variations. The most highest O3 pollution was seen in spring and summer, while spring and winter were the seasons with the most PM10 and PM2.5 pollution. The highest concentrations of O3 appeared in periods of strong solar radiation intensity and photochemical reactions. The highest concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 appeared at commuting time. The pollutant concentrations were significantly affected by meteorological conditions. Finally, the non-carcinogenic risks from exposure to O3, PM10 and PM2.5 were at an acceptable level (HI < 0.96) and O3 accounted for ~50% of the total non-carcinogenic risks. However, PM2.5 posed highly carcinogenic risks (2.5 × 10-4 < CR < 1.6 × 10-1) and O3 exposure showed high potential ecological impacts on vegetation (AOT40: 23.3 ppm-h; W126: 29.0 ppm-h).

Public Attitudes toward Auxiliary Police in China: a Preliminary Investigation

Despite their colossal size and importance in policing, China’s auxiliary police forces have garnered very little research attention. This study attempts to fill our knowledge gap by first describing key features that distinguish the auxiliary police from the regular police in China and their counterparts in Western societies, followed by an empirical investigation of public attitudes toward the auxiliary police in China. Based on survey data collected from a coastal city in China, we reported the general patterns of people’s evaluations of auxiliary officers and assessed whether variables representing institutional trust, media exposure, and neighborhood context are predictive of Chinese attitudes toward the auxiliary police. We found that Chinese citizens rated their local auxiliary officers very positively. Trust in the government and police and known negative reports about the auxiliary police are linked to Chinese’ global satisfaction with the auxiliary police. Trust in the police, exposure to and belief in negative media reports about the auxiliary police, and perception of neighborhood collective efficacy are associated with people’s specific attitudes toward auxiliary officers. Implications for future research and policy are discussed.

Coastal Haze Pollution, Economic and Financial Performance, and Sustainable Transformation in Coastal Cities

Wang, D. and Li, J., 2020. Coastal haze pollution, economic and financial performance, and sustainable transformation in coastal cities. In: Wan, Z. (ed.), Coordinated Sustainable Development in Coastal Areas: Environment and Economy. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 109, pp. 1–7. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.In this paper, 76 coastal cities in China are selected as the research objects to analyze the relationship between coastal economic and financial performance and environmental quality. The empirical results show that the increase of per capita output value aggravates the overall pollution situation of the city, and when the financial pressure of the city increases, the overall pollution situation will slow down. Secondly, with the improvement of labor income, the requirements for the improvement of coastal environmental quality will increase and the effect of pollution control and environmental quality improvement will be achieved.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Safety Risk of Air Traffic Management System Based on Matter Element Model: Take the Air Traffic Management Unit of a Coastal City in China as an Example

Tang, J.W. and Wang, C.F., 2020. Comprehensive evaluation of safety risk of air traffic management system based on matter element model: Take the air traffic management unit of a coastal city in China as an example. In: Guido Aldana, P.A. and Kantamaneni, K. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Coastal Management, and Marine Science Technology. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 104, pp. 328–332. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.The safety risk of air traffic management system will have a direct impact on the safety operation of air transportation industry. On the basis of systematically analysing the various influencing factors of the safety risk in air traffic management system, the evaluation index system of safety risk was constructed. By using the Matter element analysis theory, the multigrade Matter element evaluation model about the safety risk was established. The empirical research shows that the Matter element analysis theory can make full use of the information of evaluation indicators to reasonably evaluate the safety risk level of air traffic management system.