Coast Of Borneo Research Articles

Models and Realities: Malaysian National Planning and East Malaysian Development Problems

In this paper my main empirical data are taken from the East Malaysian state of Sarawak, but much of what I say applies equally to the other East Malaysian state of Sabah. What is more, my argument is relevant in large part to the southern two-thirds of the island of Borneo—that is, to the four provinces of Indonesian Borneo or Kalimantan. For the purposes of this discussion I have to treat the small, newly independent oil-rich sultanate of Brunei Darussalam on the north-west coast of Borneo as an exception. My general concern is with the peripheral position of the Borneo territories, economically and politically, in relation to the developed core areas of the nation-states of Malaysia and Indonesia. As a result of its environmental and demographic characteristics, its historical experiences under British protection and then colonialism in the north, and Dutch colonialism in the south, and its subsequent post-independence experience, Borneo is admirably suited to perform the role of a natural resources area for the national development programmes of Malaysia and Indonesia (Avé and King, 1986). For Indonesian Borneo there is an additional issue; it is also an area for the resettlement of some of the excess population from the densely populated islands of Indonesia's heartlands, especially from Java and Madura. Fortunately, Malaysian Borneo has no need to fulfil such a role in relation to West Malaysia.

Sentry Bank Reef–a case history

Sentry Bank is a prominent physiographic feature in the Sandakan Basin of the Southern Sulu Sea of the Philippines, some 40 km off the north-east coast of Borneo (Sabah) and 800 km south of Manila (Fig. 1). The area is covered by Geophysical Survey and Exploration Contract 41, in which Hartogen Energy acquired an interest through its purchase of the hydrocarbon exploration portfolio of Endeavour Resources in 1984.

British Administration in Brunei 1906–1959

The tiny, oil-rich Sultanate of Brunei, situated on the north-west coast of Borneo, regained full independence at the end of 1983, when the United Kingdom surrendered responsibility for its defence and foreign policy. Internally, the predominantly Muslim, Malay State has been self-governing since 1959, albeit by an autocratic monarchy. In this article, however, I shall focus on the British ‘Residency’ in Brunei, which lasted from January 1906 until September 1959.

Rain Amounts Near and Over North Borneo during Winter MONEX

Abstract Radar and rain gauge data are used to determine the precipitation pattern in the vicinity of the north coast of Borneo during Winter MONEX. The results show that separate maxima of rain occurred offshore and inland. Satellite data for other years suggest that this rainfall pattern typifies the winter monsoon in this area.

Growth Rates and Population Structure of Moraceae Trees in Sarawak, East Malaysia

To understand the relationship between the dynamics of tropical rain forests and the population processes of individual species, data are needed on the rates at which trees grow, die, and establish. Data on the family Moraceae have been extracted from long—term forestry studies in Sarawak, on the northwest coast of Borneo, an area at the center of species richness of Old World tropical forests. These data can also be combined with forest maps and logging studies to investigate the importance of competition and disturbance in controlling tree growth. Tree populations of Moraceae species had mean annual diameter increments of between 0.4 and 3 mm/yr. Growth rates increased two to six times in the 1st and 2nd yr following (selective) logging, but began to decline somewhat in the 3rd and 4th yr. Growth rate variation among trees in a population was considerable, with most trees showing little or no growth, and a few, high growth rates. Saplings of Artocarpus species increased in diameter at the same mean rate as adult trees. Annual mortality rates were low in primary forest, typically <3%, and indicated stable populations. In logged forest, annual mortality of Artocarpus species was considerably higher, between 5 and 8% for trees and still higher for saplings. Adults and saplings of Ficus, a pioneer species, had much higher annual mortality rates than individuals of Artocarpus. Growth rates of Moraceae trees in primary forest were positively correlated with the growth of the nearest conspecific trees, the mean growth rates of the three nearest neighbors of any species, and the mean distance to the nearest neighbors, but were not correlated with the diameter of the tree itself and the mean diameter of the three nearest neighbors. Analysis of patches of three trees of any species in primary forest revealed that there were no detectable differences among patches in either tree size or growth rate. Tree growth rates of small patches in logged forest were negatively correlated with distance to the nearest forest opening. Even the significant relationships between tree growth rate and immediate neighborhood explained only a relatively small portion of the total variation in growth rate. The remaining variation may be due to variation in plant genotype and local environment.

Mean state of the troposphere over south-east Asia and the East Indies, December 1978

The mean state of the troposphere over south-east Asia from 8–30 December 1978 is described. In the lower troposphere, a jet was observed over the South China Sea extending south-westward from the Philippines. Evidence suggests that this north-easterly jet was supported by downstream blocking induced by the Borneo land mass. At the equator, the jet had the appearance of being channelled between the highlands of Borneo and Sumatra. On its left flank, near the west coast of Borneo, was a semi-permanent and quasi-stationary vortex. Being warm core, this vortex was probably maintained, in part, by latent heat release in cumulus convection. By partitioning the data into means at 00 and 12 GMT, the intensity of the rising branch of the Hadley circulation over Borneo was shown to increase by a factor of two, from −100 × 10−5 to −200 × 10−5mb s−1, from 00 to 12 GMT.

Mean state of the troposphere over south‐east Asia and the East Indies, December 1978

AbstractThe mean state of the troposphere over south‐east Asia from 8–30 December 1978 is described.In the lower troposphere, a jet was observed over the South China Sea extending south‐westward from the Philippines. Evidence suggests that this north‐easterly jet was supported by downstream blocking induced by the Borneo land mass. At the equator, the jet had the appearance of being channelled between the highlands of Borneo and Sumatra. On its left flank, near the west coast of Borneo, was a semi‐permanent and quasi‐stationary vortex. Being warm core, this vortex was probably maintained, in part, by latent heat release in cumulus convection.By partitioning the data into means at 00 and 12 GMT, the intensity of the rising branch of the Hadley circulation over Borneo was shown to increase by a factor of two, from −100 × 10−5 to −200 × 10−5mb s−1, from 00 to 12 GMT.

Art Critics, Connoisseurs, and Collectors in the Southeast Asian Rain Forest: A Study in Cross-Cultural Art Theory

When Joseph Conrad sailed on theVidarfrom Singapore harbour tothe small coastal trading stations on the eastern coast of Borneo, the round trip took three weeks. The most difficult part of the journey occurred at the estuary of the Berau River where theVidarwould have run in, past the shifting bar and mud flats, and followed slowly up the mangrove-lined banks of the main branch to a settlement almost forty miles inland. It was here in 1887 that Conrad encountered the trader Charles Olmeyer whose existence in this remote place provided such an enduring focus for Conrad's imagination. In his first novel,Almayer's Folly, Conrad drew a portrait of Almayer (Olmeyer) as an exile, living on the banks of the Berau River in a sullen recoil both from the wilderness that gripped the settlement in its green immensity, and from the customs and values of those with whom he shared almost the entire course of his adult existence. Drawn to the outermost reaches of the earth by greed, Almayer's life, as conceived by Conrad, was the very symbol of rootlessness and alienation.

The First Sea Battle between the English and the Japanese

In 1605, the British vessel 240 ton Tiger and the pinnace, Tiger's Whelp met Japanese swordsmen aboard a junk off the coast of Bintam Island in the Straits of Malacca. The British boats were commamded by Sir Edward Michelborne and the captain of the Tiger was John Davis. Sir Michelborne was determined to find a route to the Far East, including Japan.The meeting of two groups remained peaceful for two days or so. But the Japanese, having lost their original vessel on the Borneo coast because of a storm, started planning to hijack the British vessel after their second boat, a Chinese junk sprang a leak. Fighting broke out when several British sailors boarded the junk and tried to inspect its cargo. Two groups of Japanese, one on the junk and the other on the Tiger, suddenly attaked the British with swords. Captain Davis was killed immediately after the fighting started. The British finally used demi-culverin guns to destroy all the Japanese as well as their own cabin.The incident caused Sir Michelborne to give up the expedition and return to England via India and Africa. Captain Davis is famous for his discovery of the Falkland Islands, the scene of the Argentine-British War of 1982. An account of the incident, presumably written by Michaelborne's secretary, appears in “Hukluytus Postumes, or His Pilgrims”, but the story has been mistold in Japan. I have tried to describe the events as they actually took place.

Winter Monsoon Convection in the Vicinity of North Borneo. Part II: Effects on Large-Scale Fields

Abstract An observational study of the thermodynamic and kinematic structure and properties of monsoon convective systems and their large-scale environment over the southern South China Sea during the field phase (December 1978) of the Winter Monsoon Experiment (WMONEX) has been carried out. The primary observations used are from three Soviet research vessels positioned in a triangular array off the north coast of Borneo during the period 6–28 December. Computations of thermodynamic fields, divergence and vertical motion have been made for the duration of the field phase based on six-hourly rawinsonde releases at the ship sites. Analysis of the data indicates that the degree of convective activity over the southern South China Sea is modulated by long-period synoptic forcing (monsoon surges, easterly waves) and also significantly by diurnal forcing (land-sea breeze circulations). A diurnal cycle of convection persists in the region whether the synoptic-scale forcing is weak or strong. Convection over wate...

Comparison of Airborne and Land-Based Radar Measurements of Precipitation during Winter MONEX

The first quantitative test of the lower fuselage radar on the NOAA WP-3D aircraft was obtained during the Winter Monsoon Experiment (Winter MONEX). Reflectivities measured with this radar were compared with land-based measurements obtained with the MIT WR 73 weather radar, which was located on the north coast of Borneo for the experiment. Although the interpretation of the measurements with the WP-3D radar was difficult because of its wide vertical beam and the motion of the aircraft, the coverage of the MIT radar was fully three-dimensional and the volumes sampled by the WP-3D radar beam could thereby be placed into spatial context. The measurements with the two radar systems agreed to within 1–2 dB, excellent agreement for any two quantitative radars. Radar reflectivities computed from particle images obtained aboard the aircraft differed by only 2–3 dB from the aircraft radar measurements, again quite satisfactory agreement.

Arung Singkang (1700-1765): How the Victory of Wadjo' Began

One of the most colorful figures in the history of Southwest Celebes is the man who was elected Chief King of the Buginese state of Wadjo' in 1737 and remained in this office until 1754.2 His personal name was La Ma'dukelleng and his title is usually given as Arung (i.e., Prince of) Singkang, though he is also called Sultan of Pasir and Arung Peneki. He was probably born about 1700 and was of noble Wadjorese descent. When still a young man he was forced to flee his country, and he went to the east coast of Borneo, where there were already many Buginese settlers. Little is known about him during this time. He engaged in many activities and became known as a leader. He assembled a group of dedicated followers who manned his fleet of warships and in 1726 he conquered the towns of Kutai and Pasir. In 1737 he reappeared in Wadjo' with his own ships and troops and succeeded in rallying Wadjo' in a successful war against the mighty neighboring state of Bone. Within a few years he was able to bring most of the other Buginese states to his side, and in February 1739 an allied army under his command marched to Makasar with the avowed purpose of attacking the Dutch fort there.

The Dusun Languages of Northern Borneo: The Rungus Dusun and Related Problems

of the Archipelago, mainly Bajau (Sama), used the term Ida'an (alternatively rendered Idahan or Idaan) to refer to similar, non-Muslim peoples but particularly to those in Sabah. This term appeared in the journals of early English voyagers to the Borneo coast (see Forrest, 1779:368), and it continued to occur with frequency in reports on northern Borneo into the late 1800's. However, the term Ida'an sometimes was not restricted to

Some data on the systematics of the family Limnoriidae (Isopoda) from northern and far eastern seas of the USSR : Kussakin O. G., 1963. Crustaceana, 5 (4): 281–292

The methane concentration and pCO2 in surface waters and the overlying marine air were continuously surveyed along the pathway of the Kuroshio, from the eastern coast of Honshu to Taiwan, and then across the eastern part of the East China and South China Seas in September of 1994. Off Honshu, the CH4 content was controlled by the confluence of the relatively CH4-poor waters of the Kuroshio and the Oyashio and the CH4-rich Tsugaru Warm Current, the latter carrying water into the Pacific Ocean with a methane content more than twice the equilibrium value with the atmospheric CH4 partial pressure. Along the Kuroshio, the surface water was supersaturated in methane with respect to the atmosphere by 10–15% and appears considerably enriched relative to open Pacific surface waters at same latitudes. The northeastern part of the South China Sea, part of the deep basin of this marginal sea, showed CH4 concentrations similar to those found in open-ocean waters. In contrast, highly variable oversaturations up to 700% were observed along the northwestern coast of Borneo, most probably related to known seepage from oil and gas deposits in this area.The pCO2 of surface water was higher than the atmospheric pCO2 throughout the area surveyed. However, the ΔpCO2 of the surface waters varied from close to 0 to more than 60 μatm. The observed oversaturation in areas influenced by the Kuroshio confirm that, during a short period in late summer, the surface waters of this current between Taiwan and Japan act as a moderate source for atmospheric CO2.

Tagging Green Turtles, 1951–56

ON three little islands off the south-west coast of Borneo, the Sarawak Turtle Board annually collects for sale or replants for hatching more than a million eggs of the green or edible turtle (Chelonia mydas Linn.)1. In 1951 we commenced marking experiments on this population. By 1953 we had settled on polished, monometal, hard-steel, ‘cow-ear’ type tags—one side with an inset code-number; “SARAWAK MUSEUM: REWARD” on the other. These are punched and locked through the inner rear trailing edge of one forward flipper on an adequate sample of laying turtles.

Contribution to the Sedimentary Petrology of the Sunda Shelf

ABSTRACT The literature relative to the geology of the Sunda Shelf is reviewed. Special attention is paid to Molengraaff's assumption that the bottom of the Sunda Sea is a drowned shelf. Samples of the bottom of this sea, collected during Termnavigations and already investigated by Mohr in 1918 on their mechanical composition, have been subjected to a sedimentary petrological analysis. This analysis has led to the separation of ten sedimentary petrological provinces. Along the shore of Sumatra and Java, next to recent volcanic deposits, ragged specimens of young augites, hypersthenes, and hornblendes of probable Tertiary age are found. Metamorphic andalusite and staurolite characterize the sediments along the coast of Borneo, whereas epidote and a blue-green hornblende are prominent in the Sou h China Sea area. Malacca province is typified by a ragged hypersthene and is assumed to be closely related to the Pahang Volcanic Series of Malacca. The boundaries of the geotectonic zones of van Bemmelen's Kristallinicum could be established with more detail. The existence of an anticlinal rift as the base of the coral reefs of Batavia Bay is made reasonably certain. Composition and areal distribution of the provinces led to a reconstruction of the geological history of the Sunda Sea in early Tertiary and late Pleistocene times.

Report on the weather of the borneo‐celebes region, 1946

AbstractEarly in 1946, a small group of R.A.F. meteorologists took over the weather station at Balikpapan, on the east coast of Borneo. The airstrip was the half‐way house on the Singapore‐Darwin and Batavia‐Manila routes; aircraft touching down at this isolated point brought valuable information concerning the weather in regions normally off the beaten track. This paper is the record of the pilots' inflight reports and the observed meteorological phenomena at the airstrip.

A Malayan Union: The Proposed New Constitution

I. THE BACKGROUND. The total area of Malaya is 50,880 square miles of which the Federated Malay States account for 27,540, the Unfederated Malay States for 22,080, and the Straits Settlements for 1,260. To express the matter more geographically and in relation to the proposed New Constitution, the Peninsula is 50,660 square miles, and the Island of Singapore is 220. The Straits Settlements comprise Singapore, Penang, and Malacca, and Labuan off the Coast of Borneo. The four Federated States are Perak, Selangor, Negri Sembilan, and Pahang, and the States outside the Federation are Johore, Kedah, Kelantan, Trengganu, and Perlis.' The first British Settlement was Penang, founded in 1786. In 1790 this Island was ceded by the Sultan of Kedah in perpetuity to the East India Company in return for an annual payment. A strip of the mainland, named Province Wellesley, was added in 1800. Singapore was founded in 1819 and a treaty was signed with the legitimate and de facto rulers of Johore, whereby the island was ceded in perpetuity to the East India Company in return for certain political pensions to the Johore ruling family. Penang was an uninhabited island, except for seasonal visits of fishermen, at the time of the British occupation, and Singapore in 1819 had a population of only 130 Malays living in a village overlooking the harbour. Malacca was occupied by British forces during the wars with the French but was finally obtained by the British from the Dutch in return for the settlement of Bencoolen in Sumatra.

The Whale Shark on the Coast of Borneo

The Whale Shark on the Coast of Borneo

The Whale Shark on the Coast of Borneo

The Whale Shark on the Coast of Borneo