Coal Handling Research Articles

Innovative Technologies in the Repowering of the Nizhnekamsk CHPP by Upgrading the TGME-464 Boiler to Combust Pulverized Petroleum Coke

The repowering project of the Nizhnekamsk CHPP involves upgrading the main and accessory boiler equipment to allow flame combustion of pulverized petroleum coke (petcoke) produced by a TANEKO delayed coking unit. The scope of work includes equipping the gas-and-oil fired boiler with a burner arrangement for petcoke combustion and providing central coal pulverization and pneumatic ash handling. To meet the atmospheric emission requirements, it is necessary to equip the boilers with a selective catalytic reduction installation, high-efficiency electrostatic precipitators, and a desulfurization plant.

Study on anti electromagnetic interference measures of coal handling monitoring system in power plant

Television monitoring; Electromagnet ic field; Odd harmonic; Shielding

The Analysis of Influence of the Gangue in the Coal as Fired on the Coal Conveying System and the Boiler Operation of the Circulating Fluidized Bed Unit

The coal as fired, with unidentified characteristics of the coal gangue, was burned on a 300MW circulating fluidized bed unit. The equipment of the coal conveying system was damaged and the boiler operation was unstable. In response to the problems, the coal quality data and storage conditions of the coal were examined and the site was spot-checked to evaluate the coal quality characteristics. At the same time, the typical representative parameters of the coal handling system and boiler operation were selected. According to the analysis of coal quality and coal storage, the coal quality fluctuates greatly and the uniformity of particle size distribution is poor. There is actually the coal gangue with hard texture and hard to grind in the coal pile. The coal gangue will have adverse effects on the fine screening machine, fine crusher and other equipment. After burned this type of coal, the fluidized quality of the boiler bed is degraded to make an impact on the safe and stable operation of the boiler. It is recommended that the coal should be screened and then burned into the furnace to ensure safe and stable operation of the boiler.

Study on Spontaneous Combustion of Boiler Grade Coal and Optimization of Consumption at Rinl

Coal burning in stockpile is a serious problem for all coal handling plant & power plant, because of related safety and environment implications. The purpose of this paper is to discuss various methods of boiler coal bed management, techniques of specifying boiler coal quality and blending practices for efficient utilization.

HUBUNGAN AKUMULASI TIMBAL PADA RAMBUT MASYARAKAT PENGUMPUL LIMBAH BATUBARA DENGAN PENYAKIT HIPERTENSI

The water contamination in one place can affect the other places located far fromthe source of pollution. One of the rivers that are polluted is Bengkulu river. One of thecauses of pollution in Bengkulu river that is coal waste originating from coal mine companyin the upstream of the river, which is still in service until now. The coal handling treatment ascrushing, grinding, washing, drying and low temperature combustion can cause any harmfulchemical substances like lead. Lead can get into the human body through the digestive tractabsorption or through the respiratory tract (inhalation) and skin absorption. One way ofdisposal of heavy metal elements from the body is to accumulate in the hair, so the hairanalysis is a good way to estimate the content of heavy metal elements in the body anddetermine its connection with hypertension. The purpose of this study is to determine thecontent of lead in a coal waste accumulates in hair of coal waste collectors society inBengkulu river associated with hypertension. This study is an analytic observational studywith cross sectional study design. The case that will be studied is about the accumulation ofhair lead of coal waste collectors society in Bengkulu river against hypertension. The studylocation is in Bengkulu river. Sample examination was conducted by Atomic AbsorptionSpectrophotometry (AAS) analytical methods, and then performed statistical tests todetermine its connection with hypertension. The result of this study showed, from 40respondents there were 14 respondents (35%) who had hair lead levels > 12μg/g sufferedfrom hypertension and 13 respondents (32.5%) who had hair lead levels > 12μg/g but did notsuffered from hypertension, and p(0.03)< 0.05 value which indicates a significant association.Significant association between the levels of lead in the hair of coal waste collectors society inBengkulu river with hypertension

Theoretical and experimental investigation into the moisture migration characteristics of coal during oscillatory motion

It is a common occurrence that the moisture migrates during coal handling, such as storage, conveying and shipping. This results in a non-uniform moisture distribution giving rise to problems in handling. Current theories and mathematical models are mainly focused on static moisture migration, which is not suitable for dynamic moisture migration scenarios. To find out how moisture migrates in coal during oscillatory like motion, a theoretical model is established based on the Green-Ampt equation. The theoretical model assumes that hydraulic conductivity is an average value and water can be drained from the bottom. An oscillation factor is introduced to the hydraulic conductivity to suit the oscillation condition and a water-voids ratio is added to suit the model in an unsaturated drainage. These factors, including water based particle density, free drained saturation (FDS) moisture content, particle size distribution, are obtained through experiments. The predicted value of drained water from the theoretical model is validated by shipping log data of drained water from coal, which proves the model is practicable for calculating the mass of drained water of coal during oscillatory like motion.

The local air pollution cost of coal storage and handling: Evidence from U.S. power plants

Burning coal is known to have environmental costs; this paper demonstrates that the environmental costs of storing and handling coal are also sizable. We find that a 10% increase in the coal stockpiles held by U.S. power plants results in a 0.09% increase in average PM2.5 concentration levels within 25 miles of these plants. Unlike most sources of variation in local air pollution, coal storage and handling impacts PM2.5 but not other pollutants such as SO2 and NO2. Consequently, using coal stockpiles as an instrument, we show that a 10% increase in PM2.5 causes a 1.1% (3.2%) increase in average adult (infant) mortality rates. Using a value of statistical life approach, our estimates indicate that a one ton increase in coal stockpiles results in local air pollution costs of $197. Economic policies that subsidize coal stockpiles highlight the importance of implementing environmental regulations specifically directed at coal storage and handling.

Multivariate statistical assessment of ambient air pollution in two coalfields having different coal transportation strategy: A comparative study in Eastern India

Coal transport by railways has clear advantages over road transport for longer run but it is not too free from associated environmental impacts such as ambient air well as soil pollution in vicinity of coalfields and siding areas. Present study systemically investigated the ambient atmospheric pollution using comprehensive monitoring and analyses of the air pollutants, their statistical behaviors, and estimation of the role of transportation mode for the evacuation of coal in two different coalfield areas. The meteorological parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and wind direction were collected together with particulate matters, gaseous pollutants and trace metals. The potential contributors were analyzed using principal component analysis. The association between particulate matters of different sizes was also explored using linear regression analysis. The bipolar plot is used in this study to examine the role of wind speed and wind direction on dilution of the pollutant concentration. We also developed an aggregate Air Quality Index, commonly used to indicate the level of severity of air pollution to the public, based on the combined effects of considered pollutants was taken into account the Indian coal mine standards. Results revealed that Kaniha area, dominated by rail transport, is more polluted than Kulda area having road way as main mode for coal handling and transport. Thus railways pose specific challenges i.e. transportation of in-pit coal through road to railway siding and then loading and unloading at rail siding and requires further mitigation measures to make the railway transport as the appropriate choice for similar future projects like introduction of in-pit conveyor to silo loading system.

The Influence of Transformational Leadership on Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction with Procedural Justice as Mediating Variable

The purpose of this research is to test the influence of transformational leadership on organizational commitment and job satisfaction with procedural justice as mediating variable. The role of the leader is very important given the nature of the leadership taken by these leaders can exert influence on employee commitment and job satisfaction, building on the principles of justice. This study uses a quantitative approach using a survey method and questionnaire instruments. Sampling of this research using purposive sampling that employees who have worked at least two years and subordinate superintendent in Coal and Processing Handling Division (CPHD) PT KPC. Hypothesis testing is conducted using hierarchical regression methods to test mediation in accordance with the rules of Baron and Kenny (1986). Questionnaire data processing taken by SPSS Statistics 21. The results of this study indicate that procedural justice is partially mediates the influence of transformational leadership on organizational commitment and job satisfaction.

Investigation into the Propensity of Coal for Spontaneous Heating in Stockpiles

Spontaneous heating of coals continues to be a major environmental, safety and economic concern in coal storage, preparation and firing systems in power plants. Coal handling plants mitigate spontaneous heating in coal stockpiles by stacking in layers and compaction. This study was focused on investigating self-heating behaviour of compacted and loosely stacked stockpiles commonly used in a coal handling plant. Experimental stockpiles, each having 2500–3000 ton of coal, were built: compacted and loosely stacked. Temperature changes within the stockpiles were measured over a test period. Hot coals from loosely stacked stockpile were spread out to cool and re-stacked to form a third experimental stockpile.

Lithotype-based modelling and simulations of coal degradation conditioned by both high and low energy breakage

The control of coal fragmentation and fines generation during mining and processing is important in coal production. A method to characterise, model and simulate coal size degradation and fines generation based on lithotypes has been developed. This method was refined to cover both high energy single impact to mimic blasting and crushing and low energy incremental breakage to mimic coal handling, transiting, stockpiling and processing. The JKRBT was utilised to characterise high energy single impact breakage and drop shatter tests were used to characterise low energy incremental breakage. X-ray Computed Tomography (XCT) scanning was used as an undisruptive technique to estimate size distributions of drill cores in the drop shatter tests. The JK size-dependent breakage model was applied for breakage characterisation, size degradation modelling and fines generation simulation. The results indicate that coal lithotype has a significant influence on coal degradation and fines generation. This paper has demonstrated that the adaption of two distinct breakage characterisation tests and linkage via the one model is a significant advance in quantifying coal degradation and fines generation during coal production.

ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE BEST AVAILABLE ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES

The paper contains general information on the environmental impact assessment of the projects in Russia in compliance with the relevant federal legislation taking into account changed and additions. The paper describes the main types of environmental expertise applied in Russia, and the main objects of compulsory state ecological expertise in power engineering of the federal level including first of all gas, oil and coal-fired power plants. We have analyzed the current situation related to the tightening of the Russian environmental legislation and the corresponding impact of scientific and technical environmental expertise on the BAT implementation. The paper lists the chief reasons for a lack of the independent scientific environmental assessment of energy projects. At the same time, we note that a special role should be assigned to higher educational institutions and research institutes with scientific staff being professionals in various energy issues. Based on 20 years’ experience of the Centre for Science and Education “Ecology of Power Engineering” of the Moscow Power Engineering Institute, we have considered the issue of ecological training of personnel from energy holding and companies. The authors' views on the expertise on management of wastes (coal ash) from thermal and electric energy production are considered, taking into account the legal and normative-technical documents. The paper presents a block diagram of the prospective coal ash handling system of thermal power plants and the modernized structural scheme of the prospective ash and slag removal system of TPPs. The block diagram provides the possibility of maximum collection and shipment of dry ash as well as environmentally acceptable ways of storing the unclaimed dry ash. The paper describes the examples of the implementation of the ash handling modernization projects at State District Power Plants with different levels of expertise compliance with the current trends in the development of ash handling systems using the best available technologies in the power engineering.

Elemental concentration and potential ecological risk assessment of reef associated surface sediments of Appa Island, Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve, Southeast coast of India

Thirty three surface sediments were collected for the present study to assess the elemental concentration and its associated ecological risk in the reef associated surface sediments, Appa Island, Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve, South east coast of India. The distribution of calcium carbonate in the reef sediments is controlled by coral debris and shell fragments whereas the Organic matter (OM) content are chiefly derived from mangroves and sea grasses. The circulation of trace elements and Fe, Mn are controlled by the fluvial process and re-suspended sediments. The concentration of Pb was primarily controlled by migration of pollutants through long shore sediment transport process. The main source of Pb in the study area is from coal incinerating power plants and coal handling operations from harbors.

Improved climate change understanding and projections for coal businesses create urgent need to initiate stronger measures toward coalbed methane in India

ABSTRACTIn this opinion paper, we contend that in light of recent findings and the expected future of Indian coal business, fugitive methane emissions from coal mining and handling activities may come to occupy a larger share of the national GHG inventory, and therefore methane mitigation through various approaches of coalbed methane (CBM) extraction should occupy significantly more importance in mitigating climate change. The factors in play here are the increasing global warming potential (GWP) of methane from the second to the fifth assessment reports of the IPCC, calls by researchers to shift to 20-year time frames for GWP, increasing coal production by India and the availability of coal mine methane (CMM) technology for simultaneous coal and gas production.

Coal Terminal in Urban Settlement Posyet (Primorsky Krai, Russia) Causes Micro-sized Pollution of the Atmosphere

The paper presents the results of a study of micro-sized pollution of the atmosphere of the urban settlement Posyet caused by a coal terminal. It was shown that PM10 particles (under 10 μm) in fractions from 21.94 to 45.5% were found at all 20 sampling points in Posyet. It can be noted that, regardless of the distance from the terminal, a single profile of atmospheric particulates with a peak in hazardous micro-sized dimension range is observed at all points of the settlement, which indicates a pronounced negative effect of the open coal terminal on the air in the settlement. The prognosis for bronchopulmonary diseases in the urban settlement Posyet with the current dynamics of coal handling is negative.

Mapping of compositional properties of coal using isometric log-ratio transformation and sequential Gaussian simulation – A comparative study for spatial ultimate analyses data

Chemical properties of coal largely determine coal handling, processing, beneficiation methods, and design of coal-fired power plants. Furthermore, these properties impact coal strength, coal blending during mining, as well as coal's gas content, which is important for mining safety. In order for these processes and quantitative predictions to be successful, safer, and economically feasible, it is important to determine and map chemical properties of coals accurately in order to infer these properties prior to mining.Ultimate analysis quantifies principal chemical elements in coal. These elements are C, H, N, S, O, and, depending on the basis, ash, and/or moisture. The basis for the data is determined by the condition of the sample at the time of analysis, with an “as-received” basis being the closest to sampling conditions and thus to the in-situ conditions of the coal. The parts determined or calculated as the result of ultimate analyses are compositions, reported in weight percent, and pose the challenges of statistical analyses of compositional data. The treatment of parts using proper compositional methods may be even more important in mapping them, as most mapping methods carry uncertainty due to partial sampling as well.In this work, we map the ultimate analyses parts of the Springfield coal from an Indiana section of the Illinois basin, USA, using sequential Gaussian simulation of isometric log-ratio transformed compositions. We compare the results with those of direct simulations of compositional parts. We also compare the implications of these approaches in calculating other properties using correlations to identify the differences and consequences. Although the study here is for coal, the methods described in the paper are applicable to any situation involving compositional data and its mapping.

Coal dust exposure reduction using water mist system: A case study

Quantification of airborne dust exposure is an essential step in eliminating lung diseases caused by overexposure to dust. A large number of workers employed in coal boilers are potentially exposed to significant amount of airborne coal dust during the work period. The objective of the study was to assess the efficiency of water mist system in reducing airborne coal dust concentration in the working atmosphere near a coal fired boiler. Samples from eight workers were taken, representing approximately 80% of the total workforce involved in the coal handling operations. Exposure monitoring was conducted for 480 min during regular working hours. A personal dust sampler was used to capture the airborne coal dust (PM5) before and after installation of water mist system. After quantification and comparison, it was observed that the water mist system successfully reduced up to 81% of airborne dust from the worker’s breathing zone. Further, the airborne dust concentration was reduced from 7.17 to 1.26 mg/m3 which is significantly below ACGIH recommended Threshold limit value (TLV) of 2 mg/m3. The same technology may be used in comparable work environments to reduce high airborne dust levels.

Vibration Monitoring and Analysis of Conveyor Driving Unit of a Coal Transporter

This paper presents the result of vibration monitoring, simulation and the analysis of conveyor driving unit of a coal transporter. In steam power plant, coal transporter is on of the fundamental equiptment for coal handling and energy supply. Conveyor driving unit (CDU) is the unit in a coal tranporter which drive the conveyor and transport coal from the stockpile/coal yard to the burner. CDU failure cause instability in coal handling process and influence the production capacity of the power plant. To maintain the reliability of the coal transporter, vibration based condition monitoring is conducted. The vibration of CDU is affected by the tranported load, luffing angle and conveying rate. In this paper, the report is focused on the vibration monitoring result and analysis of the influence of the luffing angle and conveying rate (transported load) to the vibration.The CDU is mathematically modeled and its vibration is simulated. Here, conveyor belt tension at driver pulley is assumed to be the main source of vibration,which has frequency of 1.237Hz. Measurement results show that maximum amplitude occurs at frequency of 24.5 Hz, which is closed to the driving motor of the conveyor. The simulation results show that bigger luffing angle and conveying rate increase the vibration amplitude, specifically at horizontal (x) direction.

Strategic Management Accounting Research of Insurance Companies under the Internet Background

With the development of information technology, public financial management reform deepening, accounting focus Universities facing the management accounting change, the financial sector as a core sector universities, data centers will become a big school and participate in school management, decision-making, analysis and forecasting. We analyzed the development of university management accounting brings opportunities and challenges, and puts forward some countermeasures. The arrival of the era of big data, data important asset cause rapid Insurance sector is concerned. This paper describes the development of the insurance status of the Internet, combined with the opportunities and challenges facing the era of big data Insurance is proposed under the era of big data Insurance Development Strategy in order to provide reference for the healthy and rapid development of the insurance. For the Internet +, Big Data applications in other industries to produce value-added effect polymerization, and the lack of coal mine large data mining the potential value of the use of problems in the research of coal mine production safety monitoring enterprise warning, large-scale mining and material handling equipment safety standard remote control of the whole life cycle, coal mining enterprises at all levels of production safety data sharing cloud services platform, cross-dimensional aspects of supply and demand and price forecasting perspective platform for big data application mode analysis, data mining by large technical team unified programming model and set standards in the interface protocol, security co-ordination and so do the pre-proposals. He pointed out that Internet +, the comprehensive application of big data will become an important means and ways to improve mine safety and production, to achieve lower costs, increase efficiency role.

Analysis of Existing Problems and Improvement Schemes for Substituting Electricity for Scattered Coal in China

In recent years, a coal-induced haze erupted over a large area in China. Implementing a strategy of substituting electricity for scattered coal (hereafter referred to as SEFSC) for the control of scattered coal is thus urgently needed. In particular, there lies great practical significance in analyzing the existing problems and improving the path of SEFSC in order to ensure rapid and effective advancement in this area. In light of this, the current paper first analyzes the distribution of China’s scattered coal and the relevant policy implementation, and discusses the potential for China to implement SEFSC. Secondly, PEST (policy, economy, society and technology) analysis is used to analyze the existing problems in China’s SEFSC strategy. From this, it becomes clear that the effect of scattered coal handling is still poor due to poor policy implementation, a weak economy, a low level of social acceptance and technical bottlenecks. Finally, based on the present situation and existing problems, this paper puts forward recommendations for improving China’s SEFSC strategy.