Coagulation Process Research Articles

TRIM28 regulates the coagulation cascade inhibited by p72 of African swine fever virus.

In 2018, African swine fever virus (ASFV) emerged in China, causing extremely serious economic losses to the domestic pig industry. Infection with ASFV can cause disseminated coagulation, leading to the consumption of platelets and coagulation factors and severe bleeding. However, the mechanism of virus-induced coagulation has yet to be established. In our study, ASFV downregulated the coagulation process, as detected by D-dimer (D2D) and Factor X (F10) expression in pigs challenged with ASFV HLJ/18. In vitro, ASFV infection increased Factor IX (F9) and Factor XII (F12) expression while downregulating F10 expression in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). African swine fever virus induced both intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation cascades. In addition, several encoded proteins affect the expression of the crucial coagulation protein F10, and among the encoded proteins, p72 inhibits the activity and expression of F10. Proteomic analysis also revealed that p72 is involved in the coagulation cascade. p72 can interact with F10, and its inhibitory functional domains include amino acids 423-432 and amino acids 443-452. Finally, we found that F10 and p72 interact with tripartite motif-containing protein 28 (TRIM28). TRIM28 knockdown resulted in a decrease in F10 expression. Importantly, TRIM28 contributes to the reduction in F10 protein expression regulated by p72. Our findings revealed an inhibitory effect of the viral protein p72 on the ASFV infection-induced coagulation cascade and revealed a role of TRIM28 in reducing F10 expression, revealing a molecular mechanism of ASFV-associated coagulation.

Analysis of plasma hemostasis and the role of microvesicles in the coagulation process in patients with COVID-19

Analysis of plasma hemostasis and the role of microvesicles in the coagulation process in patients with COVID-19

Study on the hydrolysis characteristics of polymeric aluminum chloride forced by fine bubbles and its key factors affecting the efficiency and capacity of forcing hydrolysis

Enhanced coagulation is an important way to remove natural organic matter and reduce disinfection by-products in traditional water treatment processes, in which the micromolecular organic matter that is difficult to be removed during conventional coagulation can be enhanced more conveniently by modulating the dominant Al species in the traditional metal salt coagulants (e.g., polymeric aluminum chloride, PACl). Based on the forcing hydrolysis characteristics of fine bubbles due to the adsorption of hydroxide ions on their surfaces, this study verified the adaptability of the forced PACl hydrolysis by fine bubbles under different operating conditions objectively and comprehensively. The morphological changes of PACl before and after forced hydrolysis by fine bubbles were characterized figuratively, and the evolution of the dominant Al species before and after forced hydrolysis by fine bubbles was reasonably elaborated. The experimental results showed that fine bubbles had the effect of forcing the hydrolysis of PACl with different degrees of alkalinity and modulating the dominant Al species. It was innovatively found that the mass transfer efficiency of the fine bubbles determined their efficiency in forcing PACl hydrolysis (Pearson's r = -0.9423) and the concentration of fine bubbles affected their capacity to force PACl hydrolysis (Pearson's r = 0.8189). At pH = 7 and an air flow rate of 20 mL/min, the DOC concentration of micromolecular organics and the DOC removal efficiency of total organics could be reduced by 0.54 mg/L and enhanced by 12.6 %, respectively, after forced PACl hydrolysis by fine bubbles. While deepening the mechanism of forced PACl hydrolysis by fine bubbles, the above results preliminarily verified the relevance and feasibility of modulating the dominant Al species through forced PACl hydrolysis by fine bubbles to improve the coagulation efficiency, which provided theoretical and data support for the construction of a fine bubble-enhanced coagulation process for drinking water treatment plants.

A stochastic particle model for aggregate morphology and particle size distributions under coagulation process

A new simple and efficient particle model is proposed in the present study based on the ballistic cluster–cluster agglomeration (BCCA) mechanism. The proposed Random Orientation-Tangent Point (ROTP-BCCA) model is implemented into the Monte Carlo method to investigate the aggregate coagulation process under the free molecular regime. The proposed ROTP-BCCA model is firstly used to predict the fractal characteristics of aggregates composed of monodispersed primary particles and validated by the previously reported results and is compared with the method of Lindberg et al. (L-BCCA model). Then the effects of primary particle polydispersity on the fractal characteristics, the first three order moments and the particle size distributions (PSD) of the aggregates are also investigated. The results show that the obtained fractal characteristics, the first three order moments and the particle size distributions of the aggregates for monodispersed and polydispersed primary particles from the present ROTP-BCCA model agree well with the results of L-BCCA model. Furthermore, the computational efficiency of the present proposed ROTP-BCCA model is proved to be much higher than the L-BCCA model.

Effects of Dust Coagulation on Streaming Instability

Streaming instability (SI) in dust has long been thought to be a promising process in triggering planetesimal formation in the protoplanetary disks (PPDs). In this study, we present the first numerical investigation that models the SI in the vertically stratified disk together with the dust coagulation process. Our simulations reveal that, even with the initially small dust sizes, because dust coagulation promotes dust size growth, SI can eventually still be triggered. Specifically, dust coagulation, limited only by dust fragmentation, broadens the parameter boundaries obtained from previous SI studies using single dust species. We describe the various stages of dust dynamics along with their size evolution and explore the impact of different dust fragmentation velocities. Implications of these results for realistic PPDs are also discussed.

Morphological Identification and Antimicrobial Activity Test to Water Quality Using Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides) Leaves

Water cleaning technology using coagulation has already been carried out use a plants in the coagulation process has never been done before, especially using plants that have potential to be a source of natural coagulants is Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides). Plants that have the potential to be a source of natural coagulants are plants that contain a lot of protein. Each type of protein has an isoelectric point at a different pH like isoelectric point, the protein will have a neutral charge. . The calculation results of the number of colonies in samples were B1, B2, and B3 with dilutions of 266. 105, 9. 107 and 104. 109 CFU/mL. The results of Gram staining identification showed that the B1, B2 and B3 isolates had the shape are basil, basil and coccus (round) with Gram positive. The bacteria thrive in different habitats, so bacteria from the sample have been very cloudy to pH of 6.0 and 8.0 because neutralophiles properties. From the B3 isolate sample have high clear zone for Gram positive (S. aureus) of 13 mm more than Gram negative ( E. coli) of 11 mm. So that, the bandotan is able to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the water

The effect of Xerostomia in diabetes mellitus patients on the incidence of dry socket after tooth extraction: A literature review

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder caused by the absence of insulin hormone production or lack of response to insulin. Diabetes mellitus can cause complications such as caries, periodontal disease, and xerostomia. Xerostomia is associated with low salivary flow which can cause several additional complications. Objective: To determine the effect of xerostomia, a complication in patients with diabetes mellitus, on the incidence of dry sockets after tooth extraction. Method: The method used in this study is a Literature Review, which searches three different journal databases, using the search terms "xerostomia" OR "diabetes mellitus" AND "tooth extraction" OR "dry socket." Results: It shows that there is an effect between the occurrence of xerostomia in patients with diabetes mellitus and the incidence of dry sockets after tooth extraction. Discussion: In patients with diabetes mellitus, saliva production can decrease due to nerve and blood vessel damage caused by glucose metabolism disorders in the body. This can reduce the quality and increase the viscosity of saliva, making the wound-healing process after tooth extraction more difficult. Xerostomia in patients with diabetes mellitus can worsen the dry socket condition because of the lack of moisture in the oral cavity, which can affect the blood clotting process after tooth extraction. If the blood clot dislodges, it can cause a dry socket in xerostomia patients. Conclusion: Dry socket in diabetic patients with xerostomia is thought to be due to low saliva production which interferes with wound healing after tooth extraction.

Analysis of the Physical and Chemical Composition of Sludge from the Water Treatment Plant

The properties and composition of the sludge generated in water treatment systems depend primarily on the type and composition of the water to be treated, the treatment methods, and the type and doses of chemical reactants. The sludge produced in the water treatment plant (WTP) under study follows the technological processes of coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration. The analyses aimed to characterize the sludge in terms of its physico-chemical properties and classify it in terms of its potential discharge into the river and management. Four series of sediment tests were conducted over a calendar year (March, June, September and December), analysing selected parameters using various test methods, including the X-ray crystallography (XRF) method. The publication's authors showed that the sediment consists mainly of sand, clay, and silt particles with grain sizes ranging from 0.001 mm to 1 mm. Silica (53.78%), alumina (23.58%), calcium oxide (8.28%), iron (III) oxide (5.61%), and potassium oxide (2.36%) represent the main chemical constituents present in the sediment. The authors characterized the sediment in terms of the content of biogenic compounds: various forms of phosphorus and nitrogen, organic compounds – determined as total organic carbon (TOC), selected metals, and the content of individual elements (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur). In addition, the sludge samples were also characterized in terms of calorific value, ash content, water content, and heat of combustion. Discharging WTP sludge into rivers, ponds, and lakes or storing dewatered sludge is an environmentally unfriendly form of disposal for this type of waste. The authors see the possibility of conducting further research on using WTP sludge in wastewater treatment, removing heavy metals from aqueous solutions, producing cement and construction materials, and recovering or recycling.

Factor XI activity in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Abstract Background ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is characterized by a significant thrombotic burden, where the coagulation cascade, including Factor XI (FXI) activity, plays a crucial role. In STEMI and other thrombotic conditions, FXI levels vary according to patient characteristics and timing from the event. Understanding the changes in FXI activity may offer valuable insights into the optimal patient selection and timing for use of investigational FXI inhibitors. Purpose Our aim was to characterize variations in FXI activity in STEMI patients. Methods In this prospective, observational study, patients admitted with STEMI underwent two measurements of plasma FXI activity, prior to coronary angiography and at discharge, using the HemosIL assay. The variation in FXI activity at these timepoints was compared between patients with and without coronary thrombus, as detected by an angiographic core-lab. Linear regression analyses were conducted to test the association of candidate predictors with FXI variation between admission and discharge (i.e., presence of coronary thrombus, PCI of the culprit artery, Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction flow post-PCI, bailout use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, time to second measurement of FXI activity) and with FXI value at admission (i.e., age, sex, atrial fibrillation, late [>24 hours] STEMI presentation, presence of coronary thrombus). Results From November 2023 to February 2024, 49 STEMI patients were included. The median variation in FXI activity among admission and discharge was +24.8% (interquartile range [IQR] 11.8; 69.0; p<0.001). This variation was observed in both patients with (+41.6% [IQR 14.3; 74.6]; p<0.001) and without (+21.8% [IQR -2.3;40.7]; p=0.008) thrombus at coronary angiography, with significant interaction effects compared to the global STEMI population (p for interaction <0.001). An inverse linear regression relationship was observed between presence of coronary thrombus and changes in FXI activity (coefficient -33.0, 95% CI -59.5 to -7.2; p=0.012). Furthermore, in the model exploring predictors of FXI activity at admission, thrombus presence (coefficient -40.9, 95% CI -75.3 to -6.4; p=0.024) and subacute presentation (coefficient 90.8, 95% CI 21.9 to 159.8; p=0.015) emerged as significant predictors, albeit with contrasting effects on FXI activity. Figure 1 Conclusions Our findings reveal significant increases in FXI activity from admission to discharge in STEMI patients. The inverse relationship between the presence of coronary thrombus and FXI activity variations, along with the contrasting associations among initial FXI levels and subacute patients’ presentation or thrombus presence, support the importance of FXI in the coagulation process during STEMI. These findings suggest targeted FXI inhibition, especially early in STEMI management, could be beneficial, meriting detailed investigation in future studies.Multivariable linear regression analysis

The economic and social burden of congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (cTTP) in Italy

Background: Congenital thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (cTTP) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by an abnormal clotting process leading to serious health complications such as thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia. Despite its clinical significance, the estimated broader economic and social impacts in Italy on patients and society remain underexplored. Methods: A detailed questionnaire, developed and validated by a panel of cTTP experts, was distributed to healthcare professionals and patient associations to gather comprehensive data on the economic and social burden of cTTP in Italy. The study was focused on direct and indirect costs associated with the disease management of 15 patients with cTTP, as well as out-of-pocket expenses incurred by patients. Results: The analysis revealed that of the 15 patients diagnosed with cTTP in Italy, 60% were adults aged 40-55 years. Productivity loss and diminished quality of life dominated the economic burden of cTTP, accounting for 81.05% of total costs. Direct medical costs, while substantial, represented a smaller portion of the overall financial impact. Additionally, out-of-pocket expenses, though constituting the smallest fraction, underscored the financial contributions made by patients towards their own care management. Conclusion: The findings underscore the need for a multidisciplinary and holistic approach to cTTP management that extends beyond the clinical treatment. Addressing the economic and social implications of the disease is crucial for improving patient well-being and ensuring the sustainability of healthcare systems. The study advocates for increased awareness, research, and access to care for cTTP patients, highlighting the importance of comprehensive support networks to mitigate the disease’s broader societal impacts, estimated to be around 2 million euro for 15 patients in 10 years.

Practical implications of adding powdered activated carbon in advanced wastewater treatment for process and plant design

ABSTRACT The addition of powdered activated carbon (PAC) in advanced wastewater treatment is increasingly recognized for its effectiveness in removing micropollutants from secondary effluents. This study investigates the implications of PAC dosing on treatment performance, particularly in terms of natural and effluent organic matter (OM) removal, turbidity reduction, and sludge characteristics. Results indicate that while PAC incorporation significantly enhances the adsorption of OM, it necessitates higher coagulant dosages to achieve comparable or improved turbidity levels. The study also reveals that lower pH levels facilitate the removal of OM, thereby increasing the availability of adsorption sites on PAC for micropollutants. Moreover, PAC addition results in the formation of larger, denser flocs that settle faster, leading to a reduction in sludge volume by approximately 20%. However, the increased coagulant demand and the subsequent rise in sludge volume highlight the need for the optimized process design to balance treatment efficiency with operational costs. This research provides valuable insights for the design and operation of wastewater treatment plants, emphasizing the importance of tailored coagulant dosing and process adjustments when integrating PAC into existing treatment frameworks.

Proteomic analysis of post-COVID condition: Insights from plasma and pellet blood fractions

BackgroundPersistent symptoms extending beyond the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection, known as Post-COVID condition (PCC), continue to impact many individuals years after the COVID-19 pandemic began. This highlights an urgent need for a deeper understanding and effective treatments. While significant progress has been made in understanding the acute phase of COVID-19 through omics-based approaches, the proteomic alterations linked to the long-term effects of the infection remain underexplored. This study aims to investigate these proteomic changes and develop a method for stratifying disease severity. MethodsUsing Sequential Window Acquisition of All Theoretical Fragment Ion Mass Spectra (SWATH-MS) technology, we performed comprehensive proteomic profiling of blood samples from 65 PCC patients. Both plasma and pellet (cellular components) fractions were analyzed to capture a wide array of proteomic changes associated with PCC. ResultsProteomic profiling revealed distinct differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic PCC patients. In the plasma fraction, symptomatic patients exhibited significant upregulation of proteins involved in coagulation, immune response, oxidative stress, and various metabolic processes, while certain immunoglobulins and proteins involved in cellular stress responses were downregulated. In the pellet fraction, symptomatic patients showed upregulation of proteins related to immune response, coagulation, oxidative stress, and metabolic enzymes, with downregulation observed in components of the complement system, glycolysis enzymes, and cytoskeletal proteins. A key outcome was the development of a novel severity scale based on the concentration of identified proteins, which correlated strongly with the clinical symptoms of PCC. This scale, derived from unsupervised clustering analysis, provides precise quantification of PCC severity, enabling effective patient stratification. ConclusionsThe identified proteomic alterations offer valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying PCC, highlighting potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This research supports the development of tailored clinical interventions to alleviate persistent symptoms, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life. The quantifiable measure of disease severity aids clinicians in understanding the condition in individual patients, facilitating personalized treatment plans and accurate monitoring of disease progression and response to therapy.

The Application of Aluminium- and Natural Clay- Based Compounds in the Treatment of Eutrophicated Waters in Semiarid Brazil

Objective: The presence of cyanobacteria in raw water can affect aquatic biota and human health, as some species are potentially toxic. In addition, these organisms can cause operational problems in water treatment plants, causing interference in the coagulation and flocculation processes, in addition to clogging the filters. The objective of this study was to test the efficiency of the application of poly aluminium chloride (PAC) and aluminium sulphate, with and without association with natural clay, in the removal of total phosphorus, chlorophyll a and cyanobacteria cells in eutrophic reservoir waters of the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil. Theoretical Framework: The study is based on the application of materials (natural clays) with the capacity to adsorb and precipitate phosphorus from the aquatic environment, blocking its release after sedimentation. This application is efficient in removing sedimentation from cyanobacterial blooms with toxic potential from the aquatic environment Method: This is an experimental study, with tests carried out in Jar Test, with water from a eutrophic environment and with cyanobacteria blooms. Water samples were collected from the subsurface to analyze the parameters: pH, total phosphorus (PT), chlorophyll-a and quantity of cyanobacteria. PT pH and concentration were determined according to the techniques described in Standard Methods APHA (2012). Chlorophyll concentration was analyzed using the extraction technique with 96% ethanol (Jespersen; Christoffersen, 1987). For the qualitative and quantitative study of cyanobacteria, the analysis was carried out using an inverted microscope, according to the methodology of Utermöhl (1958), with sedimentation time in the counting chamber established according to the method of Margalef (1983). The density calculation was carried out according to Ross (1979), being expressed in number of individuals per milliliter (ind. mL-1). Results and Conclusion: The combined application of aluminium sulphate and PAC with natural clay (bentonite) functioned as an efficient technique to remove concentrations of total phosphorus and chlorophyll a, in addition to reducing the density of cyanobacteria. The reduction in the number of cyanobacterial cells with associated application of bentonite and coagulants was promising, with the removal of up to 100% of colonial species and 89% of filamentous species. Implications of the Researsh: The research highlights the relevance of applying low-cost techniques that optimize the quality of water offered for public supply. It should be noted that the presence of cyanobacteria in raw water can affect aquatic biota and human health, as some species have toxigenic potential. Furthermore, these organisms can cause operational problems in water treatment plants, interfering with the coagulation and flocculation processes, in addition to clogging filters. Originaly/Value: This study contributes to the understanding of the application of natural products (clays) as a phosphorus adsorbent and intact cyanobacteria cells. The research highlights that with additional studies, this approach could be a useful tool for removing cyanobacteria cells in water from eutrophic environments intended for public supply.

A New Shear-Stress-Based Point-of-Care Technology for Evaluation of the Hemostatic Pattern in Whole Blood

The currently available point-of-care hemostasis tests are burdened by criticisms concerning the use of different activators and inhibitors and the lack of dynamic flow. These operating conditions may constitute an impediment to the determination of the patient’s hemostatic condition. Hence, the diffusion of these tests in clinical practice is still limited to specific scenarios. In this work, we present a new method for analyzing the patient’s global hemostasis based on the visualization of the main components of the coagulation process and its computerized quantitative image analysis. The automated “Smart Clot” point-of-care system presents a micro-fluidic chamber in which whole blood flows, without the addition of any activator or inhibitor. In this micro-channel, platelet adhesion, activation and aggregation to the type I collagen-coated surface take place (primary hemostasis), leading to the production of endogenous thrombin on the surface of platelet aggregates and the consequent fibrin mesh and thrombus formation (secondary hemostasis). These observations are verified by inhibiting primary hemostasis with the antiplatelet drugs Indomethacin (−70% on platelet aggregation, −60% on fibrin(ogen) formation) and Tirofiban (complete inhibition of platelet aggregation and fibrin(ogen) formation) and secondary hemostasis with the antithrombin drugs Heparin (−70% on platelet aggregation, −80% on fibrin(ogen) formation) and Lepirudin (−80% on platelet aggregation, −90% on fibrin(ogen) formation). Smart Clot, through a single test, provides quantitative results concerning platelet aggregation and fibrin formation and is suitable for undergoing comparative studies with other coagulation point-of-care devices.

Management and Performance Analysis of Textile Effluent Treatment Plants in Laundries of The Local Productive Arrangement of Pernambuco

Objective: The present study aimed to assess 10 laundries for compliance with Brazilian legislation Theoretical Framework: The Local Productive Arrangement (APL) of Pernambuco plays a crucial role in job creation and economic growth in the state. However, the jeans beneficiation process consumes a significant amount of water and involves the use of various chemicals, which generate effluents with high organic loads, color, and toxicity. This has caused serious environmental problems. The issue is exacerbated during prolonged drought periods and by intermittent river flows, which reduce the natural self-purification capacity of the rivers. Method: A total of 334 influent and effluent samples were collected. All the laundries studied employed physicochemical treatment processes (flocculation followed by sedimentation). Results and Discussion: The WWTPs proved to be efficient in the removal of settleable solids, demonstrating that the coagulation and flocculation processes are effective for this purpose, even in scenarios with management deficiencies. On the other hand, poor operation of the treatment plants has resulted in other parameters, such as pH, oils, and greases, being out of compliance with current legislation. The efficiency in reducing BOD was highly inconsistent, with fluctuations ranging from over 90% efficiency to negative values, indicating significant operational issues. High concentrations of organic matter can compromise oxygen levels in the receiving bodies. It is essential to intensify monitoring and improve treatment processes to mitigate negative environmental impacts.

Drinking water treatment through Optimising Phosphate Coagulation collected from four villages in Srikakulam, India: a Response Surface Methodology approach

ABSTRACT The drinking water quality is highly affected by industrialisation and by natural geographical features of the region. This work highlights on the quality survey and treatment of drinking water collected from four villages (Kalyanipeta, Kesavadasupuram, Arinam Akkivalasa, and Chilakapalem) near Nagarjuna Agrichem Limited in Srikakulam district, Andhra Pradesh. Physicochemical parameters of the samples were analysed. The presence of phosphates in the samples (3.15 mg/L P) were found to be above the permissible limits (1 mg/L P) which required instant treatment by coagulation process. Various influencing factors like temperature, dosage, mixing speed, and mixing time were considered for optimization of the process. The statistical experimental design was done using central composite approach of response surface methodology to optimise phosphate removal via coagulation and flocculation technique. An optimised removal of phosphates was determined to be 79.5% and 76.06% at a temperature of 27°C and 28°C, dosage of 13.412 and 14.906 mg/L, mixing speed of 91 and 78 rpm, and mixing time of 14.25 and 11.62 min for coagulants ferric chloride and aluminium sulphate respectively. Ferric chloride was found to be a better coagulant with a removal efficiency of 79.5% and the treated water contained 0.645 mg/L of phosphate.

Constructing a visual detection method for coagulation effect based on image feature machine learning

The coagulation process is influenced by several factors, including turbidity, temperature, pH, and hydraulic conditions. Consequently, optimizing the dosage of coagulants is often time-consuming and challenging. To quickly evaluate coagulation efficacy and optimize coagulant dosage, this study utilized a convolutional neural network (CNN) model to analyze the accuracy of effluent turbidity predictions from floc images at different time intervals. Python OpenCV was employed to develop a program that extracts macro features (e.g., texture) and micro features (e.g., particle size distribution) from the images, and these feature parameters were analyzed using a BP-ANN model. The results of the CNN analysis indicated that the middle to late stages of flocculation are the optimal periods for predicting effluent turbidity, with the highest prediction accuracy of 99.81 % achieved during the middle stage of flocculation. The BP-ANN analysis demonstrated that particle size distribution effectively represents the microscopic characteristics of flocs, achieving a maximum prediction accuracy of 96.94 % in the middle stage of flocculation. Furthermore, combining macroscopic and microscopic features yielded a prediction accuracy of 99.44 % at the end of flocculation using BP-ANN. These findings suggest that machine learning techniques applied to floc images can effectively predict effluent turbidity, offering valuable insights for future water quality prediction and the development of flocculation kinetics models.

Landfill leachate treatment by incorporating MWCNTs assisted adsorption and coagulation process

Landfill leachate treatment by incorporating MWCNTs assisted adsorption and coagulation process

Structural characteristics and biological evaluation of copper coating cotton material obtained by chemical reduction method

The article describes the preparation of new cotton materials obtained by chemical deposition of copper sulfide. This two-stage process consists of chelation of copper sulfate on cellulose chains of cotton (COT → COT-CuSO4) with subsequent precipitation of copper in the form of copper sulfide (COT-CuSO4 → COT-CuS) using sodium sulfide. The obtained COT-CuS composites were characterized physicobiologically. Thus, the structural characteristic of the Cotton-CuS material was determined by microscopy analysis (SEM), Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Flame Excitation (FAAS), specific surface area and total pore volume analysis (BET). The copper functionalized cotton fabric was subjected to microbial activity tests against colonies of Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive ( Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria and Chaetomium globosum, Aspergillus niger fungal molds species. Biochemical evaluation includes hematological tests of activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT). The substantial antimicrobial properties of the newly synthesized COT-CuS material with the lack of influence on blood coagulation processes offer prospects of a potential use as applications as an antibacterial/antifungal material.

An innovative sustainable solution: Recycling shield-discharge waste soil as fine aggregate to produce eco-friendly geopolymer-based flowable backfill materials

The disposal of Shield-Discharge Waste Soil (SDWS) is substantial, yet their recycling rate remains low, necessitating the exploration of new recycling methods for effective waste management. This study examines the potential use of SDWS as a fine aggregate in the production of Controlled Low-Strength Material (CLSM), incorporating slag and fly ash as precursors. Key properties such as strength, flowability, setting time, microstructure, chemical composition, CO2 emissions, energy consumption, and cost were assessed and analyzed. Additionally, the environmental impact and material-related strategies were discussed. The results reveal that the developed CLSM exhibits competitive performance, with compressive strengths ranging from 2.830 MPa to 4.121 MPa, achieving over 1.0 MPa strength within 24 hours. The material demonstrates high flowability, exceeding 200 mm within 30 minutes, and has a setting time between 2.10 and 4.23 hours, offering advantages in both setting time and early strength. SDWS contributes to extending the coagulation process and enhancing the flowability. Optimal strength is observed when SDWS constitutes approximately 30 % of the binders or when the alkali equivalent is around 7 %. Compared to traditional cement-based CLSMs, incorporating SDWS results in reduced CO2 emissions and lower energy consumption. When considering savings from reduced waste disposal costs, the overall material cost remains competitive. Furthermore, higher SDWS content leads to enhanced environmental benefits, and it is recommended to keep the alkali equivalent below 7 % for optimal performance. In conclusion, the developed CLSM presents significant potential for wide-scale applications and offers a sustainable solution for recycling SDWS.