Team Coaches Research Articles

Digital team coaching for workplace communication: longitudinal evaluation of recipients’ perceptions

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to describe the implementation of a digital-based team coaching intervention aimed at improving team communication in the workplace through social network visualization. The study examined recipients’ perceptions of the intervention at two time points and assessed the temporal stability of various factors, including the intervention’s integrity, design, transferability, acceptance and the usability of the adopted visualization tool. The moderating role of digital usability was also evaluated.Design/methodology/approachFour team coaching sessions were delivered to 62 participants from seven teams across three departments within a large public health-care organization in Northern Italy. Perceptions of the intervention dimensions were collected after the second and fourth sessions.FindingsResults indicated that, at both time points, recipients appreciated the intervention’s integrity and usability more than its design, transferability and acceptance. Furthermore, no significant changes in recipients’ perceptions were observed over time. The transferability of the intervention was significantly associated with its acceptance, but only when the usability of the digital tool was high.Research limitations/implicationsThe study enriches existing literature on digital interventions in group communication by focusing on process dimensions like recipients’ perceptions of various aspects and the implementation process. Furthermore, the study underscores the potential of integrating specific techniques such as sociomapping and coaching within health-care organizations, encouraging more research and development in these areas.Practical implicationsThe study emphasizes the critical role of usability and integrity in digital-based team coaching interventions, suggesting that high-quality, user-friendly tools not only lead to initial effectiveness but also sustain positive impacts over time, while also increasing transferability and acceptance.Originality/valueThe present study uniquely deploys a longitudinal approach to examine recipients’ perceptions of a digital-based intervention that combines social network visualization and team coaching to enhance team communication.

TACTICAL ANALYSIS OF INDONESIAN NATIONAL FOOTBALL TEAM USING FP-TREE ALGORITHM

Football is the most popular sport in the world, including Indonesia. The current coach of the Indonesian national team is Shin Tae-yong (STY), a former South Korean soccer player. In this study, the researcher intends to study and obtain an overview of the game patterns, tactics and game strategies carried out by STY for the Indonesian national team. The goal to be achieved is gained of tactics and strategies for local coaches in the future. Frequent Pattern Tree (FP-Tree) algorithm was used for this research. Method to analyze match videos and record them in the form of statistical data in a set of data modelling (rows/records) for a particular match session, was used. Then normalize the data, by forming a series of pattern numbers as a representation of the direction of attack in certain situation. As conclusion, the national team's playing pattern, including team formation, how to defend, how to attack. Thus, it makes it easier for coaches to determine the right strategy to beat opponents, when dealing in official matches.

Chasing Stars: Racial Tasking of Recruiting Responsibilities among Power-5 Football Coaches

During the 2022 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) college football season, eight of the 65 Power-5 head coaches were Black. The racial composition of assistant coaches, however, was nearly 50% Black and 50% White. While the head coach of a Power-5 football team serves as the leader of the program, the 10 assistant coaches permitted by the NCAA oversee a variety of critical roles; the most valuable of which is recruiting. This study extends previous work by examining the racial composition of Power-5 football coaching staffs and recruiting responsibilities through the lens of racial tasking. An analysis of Power-5 football recruiting classes from 2019 and 2020 illustrates that assistant coaches are tasked with recruiting recruits racially similar to themselves 58% of the time. Furthermore, Black assistant coaches are disproportionately tasked with recruiting Black recruits and higher rated recruits (i.e., five- and four-star) compared to their White counterparts. We contend such racialized responsibilities and expectations may affect opportunities for advancement among Black assistant coaches.

Improve Employee Key Performance Indicator through Establishment of High Performing Team Model (Case Study: TNP)

TNP, a company in cargo transportation and logistics, is grappling with challenges such as high employee turnover and struggles to meet performance goals, both on an individual and team level. The company’s turnover rate exceeds its target, and the overall Key Performance Indicator (KPI) achievement by High-Level Management remains below the company’s standard of 80%. This study aims to improve the situation by analysing the current KPI framework. High turnover disrupts operations and suggests employee satisfaction problems, while inconsistent KPI achievement indicates operational inefficiencies. The study utilizes various methods, including interviews with High-Level Management, questionnaires for employees, and analysis of historical performance data. The analysis includes external and internal evaluations, leading to a SWOT analysis, which contributes to the research findings. These findings highlight several areas for enhancement. Proposed solutions involve implementing a High-Performing Team (HPT) model, drawing inspiration from Wageman and Hackman models. This model thrives on collaboration, utilizing collective skills to surpass individual contributions. It emphasizes open communication, knowledge sharing, and complementary skills to address turnover and improve KPI achievement. The study’s significance lies in its potential to guide TNP’s transformation. Through refining the KPI system and addressing underlying concerns, the study aims to provide actionable recommendations. Ultimately, the study suggests that adopting a high-performing team model could bridge existing gaps. By fostering a collaborative culture and implementing team coaching, the company could potentially revolutionize its cargo transportation and logistics services while also improving employee retention.

한비자의 철학을 통해 본 프로스포츠 프로페셔널리즘

The key point of this paper is to analyze professionalism in professional sports through Hanbiza's philosophy and apply it to the case of Hiddink, who achieved the myth of advancing to the semifinals of the 2002 World Cup. Hiddink is a professional coach of a professional soccer team, so the analysis of his soccer philosophy and attitude can soon lead to a professional coach's understanding of professionalism. The way athlete are treated is different depending on the professional coach, so what can't be defined as the answer. For Hiddink, he expected the best results by dominating the professional athlete through strong leadership and then placing them in the right place. This is Hiddink's professionalism. Hiddink's professionalism can be found to be similar in many ways to Hanbiza's philosophy. Hanbiza tried to take control of his subjects through Rule(法), Absolute Authority(勢), and Tacit Art(術) and Hiddink trained the athlete within the range of breaking the set rules. Hanbiza criticized Confucianism's paternalism, and Hiddink tried to eliminate things like personal connections and seniority that prevented victory. Therefore, although their interests and times are different, they resemble much of the similarity of the environment, the purpose pursued, and the way they pursue it. This paper compares and analyzes the philosophy of Hanbiza, who has professional director Hiddink's professionalism, and seeks to be different from that. The approach took the form of applying Hiddink's professionalism after organizing the main concepts of Hanbiza, and secured the persuasion of the argument by presenting concrete evidence of major events in his autobiography. In conclusion, it was possible to analyze Hiddink's professionalism through Hanbiza's philosophy, and through it, it was also possible to confirm the possibility of systematizing the professionalism of professional coaches.

The effect of three different pre-match warm-up structures on male professional soccer players' physical fitness.

Optimizing the soccer players' match preparation is one of the most relevant concerns of coaches for strength and conditioning training. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the effects of three pre-match warm-up structures on the physical condition of male professional soccer players. Seventeen male professional soccer players (age: 20.9 ± 2.4 years) of one Tunisian Professional Soccer League team participated in this study. Players performed three times a typical pre-match warm-up (WU) [aerobic phase (AE); neuromuscular phase (NM); velocity phase (VL); and ball-specific phase (BS) variating the order of the included phases/exercises: WU1 (AE + BS + NM + VL); WU2 (AE + NM + VL + BS); and WU3 (AE + VL + BS + NM). After each warm-up phase, players completed the following physical fitness tests: linear sprint test, countermovement jump test, 15-m ball dribbling agility test and ball shooting test. Additionally, the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) was registered after each warm-up. The results indicated significant differences between WU1 and WU3, with better results in the ball shooting test and RPE in WU3. In addition, there were no significant differences in the other variables and between other warm-up structures. These findings could be of great interest for coaches to the strength and conditioning coaches for professional soccer teams in order to improve the players physical performance and perceived exertion.

Perspectives of eFootball Players and Staff Members Regarding the Effects of Esports on Health: A Qualitative Study

BackgroundRecently, esports have been argued to impact esports players' health, particularly for those competing at higher levels. Esports are a relatively new phenomenon, and an inside perspective regarding esports players’ needs and experiences is essential to promote adequate health support for this population. Thus, in this qualitative study, we explored the perspectives of elite esports players and staff members regarding the effects of esports participation on health. Ten semi-structured interviews were performed with members of the Portuguese FIFA (i.e. FIFA EA Sports®) eFootball National team (i.e. five elite electronic football players, one world-class electronic football player, two national team coaches, and two members of the esports department). Data analysis was undertaken following the principles of thematic analysis.ResultsWe identified four major superordinate themes: health definition (1), factors of esports that impact mental (2) and mental health (3), and strategies to improve esports players’ health (4). Esports-related factors such as gaming, competition, and performance were said to impact mental health, while equipment, facilities, and esports-related sitting time affect physical health. To minimise those risks, four main strategies were suggested: optimising and scheduling esports training, improving lifestyle habits with an emphasis on physical health, enhancing facilities and equipment, and improving health support, particularly with a mental health professional.ConclusionEsports players and staff members are concerned and aware of esports’ mental and physical demands. Understanding what esports players need and perceive about their health, complemented with the view of staff members, and their proposed strategies for health promotion might help define and prioritise healthcare needs, which could help players and the broad esports community.

ANTHROPOMETRIC DATA OF THE PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL PLAYERS OF BUKOVYNA

Since such a team game as football is a high-intensity sport that requires athletes to be active for 90 minutes, covering distances of up to 7 miles during a game on the field, according to Dr. Howard Libeskind, an orthopedist for the U.S. national soccer team. In our opinion, although many methods are currently available to assess the anatomical parameters of the body, there is no criterion methodology specifically defined for football players. Any coach wants to achieve the maximum possible result, especially in football. So, for the purpose to establish the anatomical parameters of the "University" football masters team of Ukraine, a study was conducted on 32 respondents aged from 16 to 18 years. The main group was made up of 16 players of the "University" football team of masters of sports of Ukraine. The control group consisted of 16 young boys that are studying at a higher education institution in Bukovyna (Bukovyna State Medical University). The representatives of the main group were practically healthy (no history of congenital or chronic pathology was noted), masters of sports of Ukraine, who systematically trained intensively and participated in championships of Ukraine among higher educational institutions, under the leadership of the team coach. Training took place 3-4 times a week, 1.5 hours on average. The subjects of the control group were also practically healthy young men who were loaded with hours of physical education, according to the programs of their specialty, and additionally did not play sports.
 Anthropometric examination included determination of total (body length and weight) parameters and partial (length of upper and lower limbs, thigh length, chest circumference during inhalation, exhalation and at rest, pelvic circumference, thigh circumference in the upper third, in the middle and lower third). Statistical analysis of the obtained data was carried out using the licensed program RStudio. A paired t-test (t-test of paired samples) was conducted to compare the indicators of the studied main and control groups. According to the results, the length of the right upper limbs is on average 78.50±2.02 cm, the left - 78.75±2.02 cm. The length of the right lower limbs is 92.63±2.06 cm, the left - 92.44±2 .06 cm. The average length of the right and left thigh is 52.25±2.04 cm. The circumference of the thigh in the upper third on the right is 55.31±2.03 cm, on the left – 54.18±2.03 cm, in the middle third on the right thigh, the indicator was 49.13±2.01 cm, on the left - 52.44±2.01 cm, in the lower third on the right, the average indicator is 44.31±2.06 cm, while on the left - 45.00± 2.06 cm.
 Football players have a lower weight index (± 2.54 kg), in contrast to the studied control group, taking into account the fact that the height in both groups is almost the same. It was established that the upper limbs of football players are longer on the right by ± 2.22 cm, on the left by ± 2.42 cm, than the upper limbs of representatives of the control group. The right lower limbs are longer by ±4.5 cm, the left by ±4.35 cm. The excursion of the chest is greater in football players, as it amounted to ±9.19 cm, in contrast to the respondents of the control group ±7.76 cm. The circumference of the pelvis of football players is smaller by ±2.22 cm from the circumference of the pelvis of the subjects of the control group. The circumference of the thigh in the upper third of football players on the right prevails by ±2.22 cm, on the left by ±5.00 cm; the thigh circumference in the middle on the right is greater by ±4.56 cm, on the left there is almost no difference; the thigh circumference in the lower third is greater on the right by ±1.12 cm, on the left by 1.6 cm.

Factors Associated With Awareness, Adoption, and Implementation of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Prevention in Youth Sports.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are among the most common injuries in adolescent athletes and result in significant financial and physical morbidity. Evidence-based programs designed to prevent ACL injury are effective. However, their adoption remains low. We sought to evaluate the awareness, evidence-based implementation, and barriers to implementation of ACL injury prevention programs (ACL-IPP) among youth athletic coaches. Higher education level of the coach, higher level of training, number of teams coached, and coaching female teams would be associated with ACL-IPP implementation. Cross-sectional survey. Level 4. We conducted an email survey sent to all 63 school districts within Section VI of the New York State Public High School Athletic Association. We employed descriptive statistics and tests of correlation to identify factors associated with ACL-IPP implementation. A total of 73% of coaches said they were aware of ACL-IPP, and only 12% of coaches implemented ACL-IPP according to best evidence. Coaches of higher competitive levels were more likely to adopt ACL-IPP (P = 0.01), more likely to use them multiple times per week (P = 0.03), and for ≥1 seasons (P = 0.02). Coaches of multiple teams were more likely to adopt ACL-IPP (P = 0.01). There were no differences in evidence-based implementation of ACL-IPP with gender coached or level of education of the coach. Overall awareness, adoption, and evidence-based implementation of ACL-IPP remain low. These results suggest that coaches at higher levels of play and multiple teams tend to use ACL-IPP more often. Gender coached and level of education do not appear to be associated with awareness or implementation. Evidence-based ACL-IPP implementation remains low. Targeting coaches of younger athletes and fewer teams with local outreach programs and ACL-IPP may increase the implementation of ACL-IPP.

Hardiness in the profession of sports coaches and physical education teachers

Background and Study Aim. To study psychological features of sports coaches and physical education teachers’ professional hardiness. Material and methods. The study involved 60 participants. Among them, 24 were coaches of children's and youth sports schools, 19 coaches of national teams of Ukraine and 17 physical education teachers. English-language version of the Professional Hardiness Questionnaire (PHQ) were used. The development of the English-language version of the PHQ was based on its initial Ukrainian-language version (http://prof-diagnost.org). The accuracy of its translation into English was checked and corrected by 12 bilingual specialists with degrees in medicine and/or psychology. To identify the peculiarities of the relationship between the indicators of professional resilience in different professional groups, we conducted a Spearman correlation analysis. Results. The analysis of professional hardiness revealed the presence of significant differences between the surveyed groups of coaches and physical education teachers by various indicators. It turned out that the length of service in the respective positions of national team coaches is significantly higher than that of Youth Sports School (YSS) coaches and physical education teachers. This indicates the presence of greater professional experience among this category of coaches. Accordingly, physical education teachers and coaches of national teams have significantly higher professional experience than coaches of YSS. As a result, the majority of young specialists are among the coaching staff of the YSS. The correlation coefficient between the general level of professional hardiness and the namely professional component of 0.80 is much higher for coaches of national teams. Among physical education teachers it reaches 0.61, most likely this is because the control over the work of this group is less specific in contrast to the work of the coach. Coaches of YSS have the lowest level of the namely professional component 0.50, we explain this by the fact that the overall level of experience in the position is half as much as in the previous two groups. Conclusions. The conducted analysis made it possible to establish relationships between the general level of professional hardiness and indicators of professional hardiness in each group of coaches and teachers.

Statistical problem‐solving teams: A case study in a global manufacturing organization in the automotive industry

AbstractOrganizations are confronted with quality failures that must be addressed. Often, statistical methods can be helpful, but the organization lacks an internal statistician. This paper explores the use of a statistical problem‐solving team using Six Sigma professionals as problem‐solving team leaders, trainers, and coaches. A case study methodology is used. The actions and events from the implementation of a statistical problem‐solving team in a global manufacturing organization in the automotive industry through the first decade after implementation are described. Statistical problem‐solving bridges the gap between engineer and statistician using engineers trained to awareness‐level knowledge of statistics and supported by Six Sigma Master Black Belts. The statistical problem‐solving team members need to be highly trained in the three pillars of statistical problem‐solving: Key statistical concepts, key statistical analysis, and the key test method as well as a solid foundation in quality tools. This paper provides a unique view of a global problem‐solving team using both Six Sigma tools and methods and the 8D process as a problem‐solving methodology.

Return to play and performance guidelines in rugby union

Models and guidelines on factors associated with the safe return to play (RTP) of an injured athlete have been established, but very limited research has been conducted on components necessary for returning an athlete to their previous level of performance, known as return to performance (RTPerf). The study aimed to establish guidelines applicable to RTP and RTPerf in rugby union. A mixed-methods study design using an e-Delphi survey was conducted to obtain the opinions of medical team members of the Currie Cup rugby unions across South Africa on RTP (Part 1 of the study). In Part 2, medical team members and coaches of the Free State Rugby Union were consulted for RTPerf guidelines. Part 1 of the study comprised a three-step decision-based RTP model used to identify RTP components in rugby. The e-Delphi questionnaire was compiled based on literature analyses and vast experience of the authors. Part 1 involved three steps of integrated guidelines for RTP decision-making in rugby union established by agreement (>80%) (first or second round): Step 1: medical history; Step 2: evaluation of participation risk; and Step 3: decision modifiers. Part 2 focused on components to consider during the RTPerf decision-making process, including psychological readiness, limb symmetry index, acute:chronic training load, external load and internal load. Twelve key performance indicators (KPIs) to measure RTPerf in rugby reached consensus (>80%). The comparison of performance profiles and current KPIs of a rugby player could be used to evaluate the player's performance level and whether they truly achieved RTPerf.

Tactically Maximize Game Advantage by Predicting Football Substitutions Using Machine Learning

Football (also known as Soccer), boasts a staggering fan base of 3.5 billion individuals spread across 200 countries, making it the world’s most beloved sport. The widespread adoption of advanced technology in sports has become increasingly prominent, empowering players, coaches, and team management to enhance their performance and refine team strategies. Among these advancements, player substitution plays a crucial role in altering the dynamics of a match. However, due to the absence of proven methods or software capable of accurately predicting substitutions, these decisions are often based on instinct rather than concrete data. The purpose of this research is to explore the potential of employing machine learning algorithms to predict substitutions in Football, and how it could influence the outcome of a match. This study investigates the effect of timely and tactical substitutions in football matches and their influence on the match results. Machine learning techniques such as Logistic Regression (LR), Decision tree (DT), K-nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Multinomial Naïve Bayes (MNB), Random Forest (RF) classifiers were implemented and tested to develop models and to predict player substitutions. Relevant data was collected from the Kaggle dataset, which contains data of 51,738 substitutions from 9074 European league football matches in 5 leagues spanning 6 seasons. Machine learning models were trained and tested using an 80-20 data split and it was observed that RF model provided the best accuracy of over 70% and the best F1-score of 0.65 on the test set across all football leagues. SVM model achieved the best Precision of almost 0.8. However, the worst computation time of up to 2 min was consumed. LR showed some overfitting issues with 100% accuracy in the training set, but only 60% accuracy was obtained for the test set. To conclude, based on the time of substitution and match score-line, it was possible to predict the players who can be substituted, which can provide a match advantage. The achieved results provided an effective way to decide on player substitutions for both the team manager and coaches.

Group training and team coaching as practices of personnel leadership development: A comparative analysis

The modern world is in a stream of constant technological changes, which require society to have the appropriate knowledge, skills, and abilities that will allow one to effectively perform one’s professional duties, improve leadership qualities, and reveal hidden potential. Today, training sessions and coaching sessions are popular methods of influencing results, development of an individual or staff. The purpose of the research work is to study the effectiveness of the application of group training and team coaching, the analysis of their systemic differences. To achieve the goal, the following methods were used: the method of analysis and synthesis, the hermeneutic method, the comparative method, questionnaires, the conversation method, and the generalization method. The results of the research revealed the essence and elements of group training and team coaching, revealed the advantages of the group form of work, analyzed the characteristics of the professional competence of trainers, investigated the role of the trainer and coach as a central figure in the formation of trust and interaction in the team, analyzed the types, techniques, methods of conducting group trainings and team coaching classes, the methodology of their creation, the role of the use of “tactical empathy”, models, psychotechnologies and techniques used in training classes to improve leadership qualities is determined, a valuable approach in leadership is revealed, an assessment of the criteria of effectiveness and expediency is carried out on the basis of the conducted questionnaire regarding the need for the use of coaching and training classes. A clear separation of the concepts of coaching and training is important for the practical application of these techniques for the effective development of leadership qualities among the participants of these events. The obtained results will be useful both for personal development specialists and for their clients

Group coaching: The new ‘Wild West of coaching’?

Literature on group coaching is scarce, but growing evidence points to an area ripe for further exploration. Group coaching is scalable, cost-effective and arguably better suited to promoting collective understanding and thinking than one-to-one and team coaching. However, this is an area fraught with challenges. In the limited existing literature, group coaching is usually bundled with team coaching and there is no consensus on what group coaching is. This confusion is reflected in the wide, sometimes contradictory, approaches used in the limited number of empirical studies available. Despite that, emerging evidence points to the potential benefits of group coaching in a range of settings. This article explores the extant literature on group coaching and argues for a definition of group coaching that is firmly based on the group process. Finally, it makes the case for group coaching to be considered on its own merit to support the development of the theory, research and practice of this misunderstood coaching modality.

Research on the Coaches of High Level Sports Teams in Shanghai Colleges and Universities

Using questionnaire method, interview method and literature method, the paper studied and analyzed the current situation of coaches of high level sports teams in Shanghai colleges and universities. Through interviewing the leaders and coaches of high level sports teams in Shanghai colleges and universities, the paper understands the current situation and problems of coaches of high level sports teams in training, management and scientific research in Shanghai colleges and universities, and discuss the relevant problems deeply and make reasonable suggestions, aiming to provide reference for the sustainable development of coach team.

Improving Kidney Outcomes in Patients With Nondiabetic Chronic Kidney Disease Through an Artificial Intelligence-Based Health Coaching Mobile App: Retrospective Cohort Study.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health burden. However, the efficacy of different modes of eHealth care in facilitating self-management for patients with CKD is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a mobile app-based intelligent care system in improving the kidney outcomes of patients with CKD. Our study was a retrospective analysis based on the KidneyOnline intelligent system developed in China. Patients with CKD but not dependent on dialysis who registered on the KidneyOnline app between January 2017 and January 2021 were screened. Patients in the the KidneyOnline intelligent system group and those in the conventional care group were 1:1 matched according to their baseline characteristics. The intervention group received center-based follow-up combined with the KidneyOnline intelligent patient care system, which was a nurse-led, patient-oriented collaborative management system. Health-related data uploaded by the patients were integrated using deep learning optical character recognition (OCR). Artificial intelligence (AI)-generated personalized recipes, lifestyle intervention suggestions, early warnings, real-time questions and answers, and personalized follow-up plans were also provided. Patients in the conventional group could get professional suggestions from the nephrologists through regular clinical visits, but they did not have access to the service provided by AI and the health coach team. Patients were followed for at least 3 months after recruitment or until death or start of renal replacement therapy. A total of 2060 eligible patients who registered on the KidneyOnline app from 2017 to 2021 were enrolled for the analysis. Of those, 902 (43.8%) patients were assessed for survival analysis after propensity score matching, with 451(50%) patients in the KidneyOnline intelligent patient care system group and 451(50%) patients in the conventional care group. After a mean follow-up period of 15.8 (SD 9.5) months, the primary composite kidney outcome occurred in 28 (6%) participants in the KidneyOnline intelligent patient care system group and 32 (7%) in the conventional care group, with a hazard ratio of 0.391 (95% CI 0.231-0.660; P<.001). Subgroup survival analysis demonstrated that the KidneyOnline care system significantly reduced the risk of composite kidney outcome, irrespective of age, sex, baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and proteinuria. In addition, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) significantly decreased from 88.9 (SD 10.5) mmHg at baseline to 85.6 (SD 7.9) mmHg at 6 months (P<.001) in the KidneyOnline intelligent patient care system group and from 89.3 (SD 11.1) mmHg to 87.5 (SD 8.2) mmHg (P=.002) in the conventional CKD care group. The utilization of the KidneyOnline intelligent care system was associated with reduced risk of unfavorable kidney outcomes in nondiabetic patients with CKD.

LITERATURE STUDY: THE INFLUENCE OF SUCCESS DEEP WORK TEAM DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTION ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

In the process of organizational development, every aspect undergoes changes both from within and from outside the organizational environment. To balance these changes, an organization makes the necessary interventions. One intervention that focuses on Human Resources is the Work Team Development Intervention. It is explained that teamwork and organizational members are the backbone of an organization. Without good cooperation or teamwork, an organization will not be ready to face change, let alone develop. Work team development is carried out by a leader, and carried out by organizational members who are part of the organization. To be able to produce good teamwork, organizational members must be able to interact and communicate well with each other, between groups, and with superiors. Good interaction produces good social relations in the organization, with this good relationship an organizational group can unite their voices and thoughts to jointly achieve organizational goals more efficiently and satisfactorily. This research was conducted using qualitative research methods with a descriptive approach, then data collection techniques using literature studies to find the effect of the success of the Work Team Coaching Intervention in an effort to develop the organization.

Group training and team coaching as practices of staff leadership development: A comparative analysis

The modern world is in constant technological change, which requires the society to have the relevant knowledge, skills, and abilities to effectively perform their professional duties, improve leadership skills, and unlock hidden potential. Today, training sessions and coaching sessions are popular methods of influencing the results and development of an individual or staff. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group training and team coaching, and to analyse their systemic differences. To fulfil this purpose, the following methods were used: analysis and synthesis, hermeneutic method, comparative method, survey, interview method, and generalisation method. The results of the this study covered the essence and elements of group training and team coaching, identified the advantages of the group form of work, analysed the characteristics of the professional competence of trainers, investigated the role of the trainer and coach as a central figure in building trust and interaction in the team, analysed the types, techniques, methods of conducting group trainings and team coaching sessions, the methodology of their creation, determined the role of the use of “tactical empathy”, models, psychological technologies, and techniques used in training sessions to improve leadership qualities, covered the value-based approach to leadership, assessed the criteria for effectiveness and feasibility based on a survey on the need for coaching and training sessions. A clear separation of the concepts of coaching and training is essential for the practical application of these techniques to effectively develop leadership skills among the participants of these events. The findings of this study will be useful for both personal development specialists and their clients

152 A survey assessing interpersonal, academic, and employability skills associated with participation on an agriculturally-based competitive team

While several studies have assessed the skills produced by competing on agriculture based judging teams, there are limited published reports assessing these same skills by students on other agriculturally-based competitive teams (rodeo, equestrian, ranch horse). The current study surveyed students across the United States using a five-point Likert scale to assess interpersonal, academic, and employability skills after participation on collegiate judging (horse, meat, livestock), performance-type (equestrian, rodeo, ranch/stock) teams, or both. The survey was sent to coaches of active teams at four-yr universities and completed by students (n = 238) at the end of their team’s respective seasons. This study assessed 17 interpersonal, 14 academic, and 19 employability skills, which were previously identified by alumni in a Delphi Study. Participants were asked to self-assess interpersonal skills pre and post-participation, these Likert Scale means were compared using a paired t-test (P < .001). A Chi-Square was performed for each skill or factor and the team a participant competed on. In the interpersonal category (P < .045) contentknowledge, decision making, memory, networking, and public speaking were all deemed to have a significant relationship between the type of team and skill. In the academic category (P < .045) content knowledge, efficiency, motivation, structure, and test taking ability were deemed to have a significant relationship between the type of team and skill. Finally in the employability category (P < .043) communication skills, confidence, decision making, experience, learned skills/knowledge, multi-tasking, personal drive, and problem solving were all deemed to have a significant relationship between the type of team and skill. Students who engaged in agriculturally based competitive teams enhanced their skills regardless of the team they participated on. Of the 48 skills, 31 were determined to not be significantly affected by the type of team a student competed on. Overall, the majority of interpersonal, academic, and employability skills are enhanced or improved by time on an agriculturally based competitive team.