CO2 Infrastructure Research Articles

Vlaming Sub-basin CO2 Storage Project

As part of the Australian Government's National CO2 Infrastructure Plan (NCIP), Geoscience Australia undertook a comprehensive study in the offshore Vlaming Sub-basin to provide new pre-competitive data and information on potential CO2 storage solutions offshore Perth, Western Australia.

China's CO2 pipeline development strategy under carbon neutrality

Under China's goal of carbon neutrality, there is a huge demand for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture, utilization, and storage technology (CCUS). CO2 transport, as a crucial link in the CCUS industrial chain, will inevitably rely on the construction of long-distance CO2 pipelines and infrastructure. Due to the late start and small scale of China's CO2 pipeline construction, and the relative lag in related technologies and policies, it is urgent to make systematical planning and achieve relevant technological breakthroughs for the future construction of CO2 pipeline network as a public infrastructure. Therefore, a three-stage pipeline development path is proposed based on the analysis of the spatial distribution characteristics and the temporal pattern of large-scale commercial development of CO2 carbon sources and storage in China. Moreover, solutions and suggestions are proposed upon the developments analysis in China from the perspectives of pipeline transportation technology, safety evaluation, materials and equipment, and integrity. The results show that the construction of CO2 pipeline network as an important CCUS infrastructure will accelerate with the development of the global CCUS industry; the spatial distribution of CO2 emission sources and storage is unbalanced in China, with 65.8% from the eastern and central China, and CO2 flooding and geological storage contributing to most of large-scale CO2 pipeline transportation. The conclusions are as follows. First, the three-stage development path is a million-ton demonstration project of supercritical CO2 transmission pipeline before China peaks carbon emissions. After the achievement of carbon peak, a 10 million-ton regional network architecture of CO2 pipeline network centered on basins will be built, and trunk pipelines between regions will be formed before achieving carbon neutrality, establishing the national carbon transmission network with a transportation capacity of 10 × 108 ton, and a total mileage of approximately 6 × 104 km. Second, we should carry out research on the technology and equipment for the full phase CO2 pipeline transportation onshore and offshore, improve the domestic pipeline transportation technology, and promote the continuous improvement of the regulatory system in the pipeline transportation industry, so as to facilitate the implementation of demonstration projects.

Decarbonizing Singapore via local production of H2 from natural gas

Interest in low emissions hydrogen as an energy vector to assist in deep decarbonization goals has gained momentum recently. In this paper, we explore local hydrogen production from natural gas with CO2 capture and sequestration (known as “blue” H2) to support Singapore's intended inclusion of low-carbon intensity H2 fuel as a way to achieve significant CO2 emission reduction through 2050. A superstructure-based model is used to minimize the total cost or emissions of the entire supply chain, from H2 production to consumption in the power, industry, domestic, marine, and road transport sectors. H2 demand for each sector is projected for three H2 penetration scenarios (low, medium, and high). The results are analyzed for the levelized cost of H2, reduction in carbon emissions, and cost of carbon avoidance. Costs associated with direct and indirect CO2 emissions, as well as H2 and CO2 infrastructure costs, are included in total costs. A comparison of blue H2 and direct natural gas utilization with post-combustion CO2 capture and sequestration is also presented. We find that decarbonizing Singapore via local production of blue H2 will involve a relatively high carbon avoidance cost.

Unlocking CO2 infrastructure deployment: The impact of carbon removal accounting

Carbon removal certification may become a powerful instrument to accelerate decarbonization efforts. In Europe, its implementation is expected to foster the deployment of Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS). Yet, the large-scale adoption of BECCS is also limited by the availability of a costly CO2 transportation infrastructure shared with fossil-fueled emitters. In this paper, we examine the interactions between carbon removal accounting (which determines financial incentives for BECCS) and optimal CO2 infrastructure deployment by asking how certification affects the feasibility of BECCS projects. We propose an original economic framework to explore this question and apply it to a real case study in Sweden. Assuming carbon removal credits will be integrated into the prevailing carbon market, we show that, although a carbon removal accounting framework based on a lifecycle methodology discourages investment in inefficient BECCS processes, it may induce BECCS lock-out from CO2 infrastructures. We formulate two policy recommendations to overcome such a BECCS lock-out: (i) forward-looking CO2 infrastructure planning and (ii) complementary policy support.

Moving a step closer towards environmental sustainability in Asian countries: focusing on real income, urbanization, transport infrastructure, and research and development

Environmental pollution has become the matter of concern all over the world with the increase in urbanization, transport, industrialization and several other factors. The researcher has therefore designed this study to investigate the impact of urbanization, research and development R&D expenditure, infrastructure development and real income on the emission of carbon dioxide in Asian countries. The data collection process involved six Asian countries from 1997 and ending 2019. The panel data estimation and analysis tools and techniques were applied on the collected data and the results were obtained. The results of regression estimation suggest that as per MG estimator, all the variables have significant and positive impact on CO2 emission but infrastructure development has insignificant impact. In case of FMOLS, again all the variables have significant and positive impact on CO2 emission but infrastructure development has insignificant impact. However, in case of DOLS, all the variables have shown significant impact on CO2 emission. In the last, DK estimator indicates that urbanization, real income and population density have significant and positive impact on CO2 emission but R&D expenditure and infrastructure development has insignificant impact. In this way, the impacts of all independent and control variables on CO2 emission were estimated.

High purity CO2 from direct air capture using a single TVSA cycle with Na-X zeolites

The capture and concentration of 0.04% CO2 from a dry ambient air stream by temperature vacuum swing adsorption (TVSA) was investigated in order to produce high purity CO2. Initial investigation into the pure gas adsorption included the determination of CO2, N2, O2, and Ar adsorption isotherms with Na-X zeolite and their fit to the temperature dependent Toth isotherm model equation. These studies allowed for the evaluation of the TVSA cycle and showed the potential of reducing the pressure and/or elevating the temperature during the blowdown step in order to produce high purity CO2. Fixed bed adsorption desorption breakthrough curves for TVSA cycle were obtained to investigate the pressure and temperature effects on the blowdown step. High purity CO2 was experimentally produced between a concentration of 99.5% and 99.96% by lowering the blowdown pressure. By controlling the blowdown temperature, the concentration of the product was increased from 99.8% to 99.95%, however with a significant loss of CO2. This effect of N2, O2, and Ar desorbing during the blowdown step with CO2 desorbing during the evacuation step is shown graphically by measuring the concentration and flow rate of the exiting gas species. The results from this study show the potential for producing a valuable product of high purity CO2 from atmospheric concentrations, which can be used in many applications, particularly ones where CO2 infrastructure does not exist or where there is a burden in utilizing a CO2 cylinder.

Unlocking CO2 Infrastructure Deployment: The Impact of Carbon Removal Accounting

Unlocking CO2 Infrastructure Deployment: The Impact of Carbon Removal Accounting

(Invited) Carbon Dioxide Electrolysis for Sustainable Chemical Production

The massive quantities of fossil fuels used by our society have led to unprecedented atmospheric CO2 levels with widespread climate impacts. Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies are being developed to mitigate CO2 emission issues. Large-scale CO2 capture and sequestration facilities, such as Petra Nova, have been built to store thousands of tons of CO2 per day. However, the typical capital investment for centralized CCUS facilities is at a billion-dollar scale, making it challenging to finance. Sequestering the captured CO2 in geological repositories often requires additional investment in CO2 pipelines and infrastructure, which further increases the financial challenge to the rapid deployment of highly centralized facilities rapidly. More importantly, the carbon capture and sequestration process itself is not profitable without subsidies or a carbon tax. As a critical component in CCUS, carbon utilization holds the key to generating revenues that can offset the capture cost. It enables the captured CO2 to be converted into valuable materials, such as concrete, building materials, and platform molecules for fuel and chemical productions.Recently, significant progress has been made in low-temperature CO2 electrolysis to carbon monoxide, formic acid, ethylene, and ethanol, which raised the demand for systematic techno-economic assessments (TEA) to evaluate its feasibility as a CO2 utilization process. In this talk, we will present our recent TEA of four major products and prioritizes the technological development with systematic guidelines to facilitate the market deployment of low-temperature CO2 electrolysis. We will first discuss the present state-of-the-art electrolyzer performance and parameterize figures of merit. Then, we will discuss a detailed roadmap to make C2 product production economically viable; an improvement in an energetic efficiency to ~50% and a reduction in electricity price to 0.01 USD/kWh. We also propose industrially relevant benchmarks: the 5-year stability of the electrolyzer components and the single-pass conversion of 30% for C1 and 15% for C2 products. In addition to the TEA work, we will present our latest experimental efforts to establish a two-step tandem electrolysis process to convert CO2 into ethylene and acetate with a high selectivity. We will show how operating conditions affect the performance of the tandem system and challenges associated with this system. Finally, we will discuss potential approaches to further improve the efficiency of the overall system.

A 2050 perspective on the role for carbon capture and storage in the European power system and industry sector

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) might be a central technology to reach the decarbonisation goals of the European energy system. However, CCS deployment faces multiple economic, technological, and infrastructure challenges. Related literature tends to only focus on certain aspects of the CCS technology or to be limited to a particular sector perspective. In contrast, this paper presents a holistic modelling framework to analyse the long-term perspectives of CCS in Europe by extending the typical analysis from the electricity sector to the industry sector, and by including the CO2 infrastructure level with CO2 pipelines and storage. To this end, we use state-of-the-art models of the electricity sector (generation investment and electricity grid models), the industry sector, as well as the CO2 infrastructure sector. This unique modelling framework analyses the feasibility and costs of CCS deployment in the European Union towards 2050 in three scenarios with the same ambitious climate policy target (~85% CO2 emissions reduction). The main insights on the deployment of CCS in Europe hinges on two factors: i) the development of low-cost power generation technologies with carbon capture (coal and/or gas-fired), and ii) a sufficiently high CO2 price to compensate for the costs of deploying the CO2 transport infrastructure. Once CO2 transport infrastructure is available, CCS will be a preferred mitigation option for the industry sector emissions. The joint use of CO2 infrastructure by the electricity and the industry sector allows for economies of scale and economies of density. In the long term, CCS cannot achieve the 100% decarbonisation target of the energy sector because the technology can only capture 80–90% of the CO2 emissions of thermal power plants. Moreover, the advantages of CCS in terms of energy system costs compared to a system without CCS is rather small, in the range of 2%. It crucially depends on the costs of renewables and the costs of their integration in the electricity grid.

CCUS in a net-zero U.S. power sector: Policy design, rates, and project finance

Carbon capture utilization and storage is an important technology option to rapidly and profoundly decarbonize the power sector, but will not deploy without substantial incentives or regulation. Assessment of U.S. policy options reveals that current incentives only partially close the finance gap and are most sensitive to fuel type and ownership structure. Recent proposed legislation would in some designs attract private investment for many projects, leading to widespread deployment of CCUS in the power sector. Additional constraints and concerns (including technology options and presence of CO2 infrastructure) could play an important secondary role. This study discusses the specific US incentive policies that can provide investors and lenders with net cash flows that are adequate to attract private capital to CCUS power projects in the US.

CO <sub>2</sub>-EOR business opportunities in Romania and Turkey

To ultimately avoid CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, the European research project “ECO-BASE” (Establishing CO2 enhanced Oil recovery Business Advantages in South Eastern Europe, 2017-2020) has identified a number of candidate CO2-EOR oil fields that could benefit economically from nearby industrial sources of CO2, whilst permanently sequestering the captured CO2 in the subsurface. On the near term, however, the objective of the ECO-BASE project was to raise sufficient interest among the emitters, oil field operators and national governments to develop a common understanding of the business opportunities and allow resources to be spent to further mature potential business cases along the various decision gates of their respective project maturation processes. To this end, two candidate oil fields have been investigated in-depth, i.e. the large Bati Raman heavy oil field in southeast Turkey, and the Bradești oil field in southwest Romania. Their business cases for CO2-EOR combined with permanent CO2 storage are discussed in this paper. It can be concluded that, in South Eastern Europe, CO2-EOR has the potential to justify economically first-of-a-kind CO2 infrastructure and sequestration projects that otherwise would not have been feasible.

The Carbon Utilization and Storage Partnership of the Western United States

In 2019, The United States Department of Energy created four new regional carbon storage partnerships following the success of the previous regional partnership program established in 2003. The new partnerships are designed to accelerate development of commercial storage projects in the United States. The Carbon Utilization and Storage Partnership of the Western United States (CUSP) was formed as an outgrowth of three of the former partnerships: The Southwest Regional Partnership on Carbon Sequestration; the WestCArb partnership; and the Big Sky Partnership (see map). The CUSP primary objective is to catalog, analyze and rank CCUS options for parts or all of 13 states that make up the contiguous western USA. The multi-state CUSP team and project coordinates the capabilities, experience, data collection methods and advanced modelling tools developed and refined through several decades of efforts via many previous NETL-sponsored projects. The CUSP team seeks to accelerate CCUS technology development and deployment in the Western U.S., with a Partnership that consists of 13 universities, seven geological surveys, three research institutes and three national laboratories. Goals of the CUSP project include assembly of existing CCUS data into a uniform database, and increased data collection and analysis of new data not yet present in EDX, NATCARB or other databases. Additionally, the CUSP seeks improvement of modeling tools used for risk prediction and economic scenario analysis, and identification of major technical challenges and development of CCUS deployment readiness indices. One primary deliverable of the CUSP project maps, interactive software and data products that delineate not only regions and specific targets that have the best prospects for commercially-viable CCUS, but also highlight technical challenges and their effects on CCUS development. Other products include analysis tools and large data sets tailored for machine learning efforts via the new DOE initiative on machine learning. These goals are being accomplished by updating existing data (for example, CO2 storage data collected during the creation of the National Carbon Atlas, EPA CO2 source data, and pipeline and infrastructure data), augmenting and refining that data where gaps are identified, and feeding the data into various analytical and optimization models to create a series of readiness indices for the Western Region of the United States. In addition to reducing geological characterization uncertainty, particularly for stacked storage reservoirs (saline+EOR), the project is incorporating a variety of soft data into models that will help identify the best prospects for commercially-viable CCUS and help quantify potential economic impact. This effort provides targeted regions with the most promising combination of geology, geography and infrastructure and industrial sectors for short term, mid-term, and long-term CCUS projects, and identifies improvements necessary for maximizing success and assess scenarios that can swiftly and cost-effectively graduate potential projects to short-term status. Via SimCCS and additional desktop-based software tools, dynamic readiness mapping are developed and verified, modified as needed, and distributed. Use of these tools are supported by educational workshops and online training materials. Finally, the CUSP Partnership is participating in a variety of technology transfer programs to help facilitate regional efforts to guide and develop policies and permitting mechanisms to further CCUS in this region. The benefits of the CUSP project include improving the quality and interoperability of existing data, incorporation of more extensive, and detailed, technical as well as soft data into very large data sets for Machine Learning efforts, and using local and regional expertise to continue and improve technology transfer and stimulate stakeholder interest and knowledge of CCUS. Progress to date for major objectives will be presented, including preliminary heat maps of CCS/CCUS potential in the western United States.

Strategic Planning of Regions and Territories in Europe for Low Carbon Energy and Industry Through Ccus: The Strategy Ccus Project

STRATEGY CCUS is a three-year project (2019-2022) funded by the H2020 research and innovation framework of the European Commission. It comprises 17 partners and is coordinated by BRGM (France). STRATEGY CCUS aims to provide realistic strategic plans from 2025 to 2050 for deploying carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) in Southern and Eastern Europe, from a local to a European scale. Eight promising regions, within seven countries are being studied. Plans and roadmaps for these regions will be developed based on economic and environmental drivers, technical potential and social acceptance. The deployment of operational CCUS clusters starts by an appraisal at local and regional level. Available data for each promising region was mapped to indicate the technical potential of CCUS development in each region. Relevant groups of stakeholders were identified and invited to form Regional Stakeholder Committees within each promising region. These committees are working with project partners to consider regional factors and concerns as well as to elaborate scenarios of CCUS deployment in their respective regions to ensure early local participation. In the 3 most promising regions for the deployment of CCUS, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Multiregional Input Output (MRIO) analysis and Techno-Economic Assessment (TEA) designs will provide decision-support for the sustainable development of CCUS. Sound insights and a comprehensive diagnosis of the potential local business models associated with the different CCUS options will be provided for each region, as well as estimates for the sensitivity of the business model on storage capacity and injectivity data. CCUS roadmaps from 2025 to 2050 for each of the promising regions, with optional connections to existing CO2 infrastructure in the North Sea, will be elaborated. Scenarios will be based on the available relevant data and carried out in close exchange with the local stakeholders via the Regional Stakeholder Committees and the Industrial Club. Economic evaluation of each scenario will provide the main Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) such as cumulated CAPEX/OPEX required for each scenario, the cost breakdown per CCUS stakeholder, or for example the global costs expressed in €/t CO2 avoided per scenario. Lastly, an economic impact assessment will be performed at national and European levels in terms of volumes of quotas avoided for industries included in the European Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) with the CCUS scenarios and in terms of economic impact on the EU ETS carbon price. Exploitation and dissemination of the project’s results and findings engage with relevant end-users (industry and policy makers, local authorities), in order to pave the way for the operational implementation of CCUS clusters. The project is providing targeted information to multiple audiences (including the media and the public) and favoring dialogue, with a public policy perspective. The systematic approach followed by STRATEGY CCUS will facilitate the appraisal of new other promising regions and the creation of connection among them for the deployment of CCUS Europe-wide.

Introducing social acceptance into the design of CCS supply chains: A case study at a European level

The installation of infrastructures for carbon capture, transport, and storage to tackle the problem of CO2 emissions from European power plants and carbon intensive industries, is of strategic importance to reach future greenhouse gases reduction targets. However, the public reaction to the deployment of these technologies is still uncertain, and opposition may result in either cancellations or delays. This article provides quantitative insights into how social acceptance affects the design of a European CO2 infrastructure. A multi-objective mixed integer linear programming model is developed to optimise the design the entire supply chain, by simultaneously addressing the minimisation of the costs to install and operate the infrastructure and the maximisation of its community acceptance. The goal is to provide optimal supply chains in terms of costs, whilst considering the social behaviour of inhabitants towards the installation and operation of either CO2 pipelines or injection wells. Results demonstrate how the methodology may be exploited to assess the response of local communities and identify design strategies aiming at a trade-off between economic objectives and social acceptance. Although the maximisation of social acceptance leads to a +34% increase in costs with respect to the economic optimum, it is shown that an intermediate solution between the two objectives (i.e., economics against acceptance) entails a just slight increase of +8% with respect to the cost of the best economic configuration.

The impact of spatial population distribution patterns on CO2 emissions and infrastructure costs in a small Japanese town

Recent years have seen a decrease in the population of Japan. If urban areas continue to expand to the suburbs with this depopulation, various urban problems will arise including increase in energy consumption and the cost of developing and maintaining infrastructure due to high dependence on car use in daily life and inefficient development and maintenance of urban infrastructure. To address this, a compact urban structure is proposed corresponding to the decreasing population especially in provincial small towns. However, it is not clear where denser urban areas are expected and how much of the population will remain located there. Consequently, this study aims to examine a preferable future population distribution pattern from the viewpoint of CO2 emissions and infrastructure costs in Fuchu City, Hiroshima Prefecture, a provincial small town. This study quantitatively assesses the reductive effect of such a population compaction on CO2 emissions and infrastructure costs. Results reveal that creating a compact urban structure will reduce CO2 emissions and infrastructure costs, and the effects differ widely based on scenarios. Furthermore, the study considers the effects of “population density in a compact district,” “population balance among inside and outside of compact district,” and “central place of compact district” on CO2 emissions and infrastructure costs.

Public Perception of CO2 Pipelines

To date, the transportation aspect has received little attention in social science research on the public perception of CCS. This study contributes to filling this gap by investigating the public perception of CO2 pipelines among the German public. For this purpose, a representative survey was carried out and analysed with methods of descriptive and inductive statistics. The results showed that on average CO2 pipelines are perceived neutrally by the general public in Germany. With respect to the acceptance of CO2 pipelines close to one's home, the involvement of environmental organizations in the assessment of the safety and environmental compatibility of the pipeline and a convincing safety concept on the part of the pipeline operator were identified as likely to be more effective than other measures such as financial compensation or participation in the planning process. However, factual knowledge of pipelines, risk perceptions, general attitude and willingness to protest against a CO2 pipeline close to one's home, as well as the level of agreement with factors for the acceptance of CO2 pipelines, vary significantly according to gender, age and professional qualifications. The characteristics and perceptions of the citizens affected should therefore be taken into account for the siting of CO2 infrastructure projects.

European Scenarios of CO2 Infrastructure Investment until 2050

Based on a review of the current state of the Carbon Capture, Transport and Storage (CCTS) technology, this paper analyzes the layout and costs of a potential CO2 infrastructure in Europe at the horizon of 2050. We apply the mixed-integer model CCTS-Mod to compute a CCTS infrastructure network for Europe, examining the effects of different CO2 price paths with different regional foci. Scenarios assuming low CO2 certificate prices lead to hardly any CCTS development in Europe. The iron and steel sector starts deployment once the CO2 certificate prices exceed 50 €/tCO2. The cement sector starts investing at a threshold of 75 €/tCO2, followed by the electricity sector when prices exceed 100 €/tCO2. The degree of CCTS deployment is found to be more sensitive to variable costs of CO2 capture than to investment costs. Additional revenues generated from utilizing CO2 for enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) in the North Sea would lead to an earlier adoption of CCTS, independent of the CO2 certificate price; this case may become especially relevant for the UK, Norway and the Netherlands. However, scattered CCTS deployment increases unit cost of transport and storage infrastructure by 30% or more.

European Scenarios of CO2 Infrastructure Investment until 2050

Based on a review of the current state of the Carbon Capture, Transport and Storage (CCTS) technology, this paper analyzes the layout and costs of a potential CO2 infrastructure in Europe at the horizon of 2050. We apply the mixed-integer model CCTS-Mod to compute a CCTS infrastructure network for Europe, examining the effects of different CO2 price paths with different regional foci. Scenarios assuming low CO2 certificate prices lead to hardly any CCTS development in Europe. The iron and steel sector starts deployment once the CO2 certificate prices exceed 50 € /tCO2. The cement sector starts investing at a threshold of 75 € /tCO2, followed by the electricity sector when prices exceed 100 €/tCO2. The degree of CCTS deployment is found to be more sensitive to variable costs of CO2 capture than to investment costs. Additional revenues generated from utilizing CO2 for enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) in the North Sea would lead to an earlier adoption of CCTS, independent of the CO2 certificate price; this case may become especially relevant for the UK, Norway and the Netherlands. However, scattered CCTS deployment increases unit cost of transport and storage infrastructure by 30% or more.

The influence of uncertainty in the development of a CO2 infrastructure network

This study aimed to analyze whether, and how, uncertainty influences the layout and costs of a CO2 transportation network. The case without uncertainty is modelled with a perfect foresight (PF) model and with uncertainty with the real option approach (ROA). In this study, uncertainties in the CO2 price, tariff received per tonne of CO2 transported, the willingness, probability and moment that sources join the CO2 transportation network are incorporated in the analysis. The results show that uncertainty leads to higher required CO2 prices before investments in carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) are made. With a volatility of 47% in the CO2 price, the required CO2 price almost triples in comparison with the net present value approach. Hence, under uncertainty less sources are retrofitted with CCS and less CO2 is captured and stored over time. For instance, for the analyzed case study 31 Mt and 137 Mt CO2 is projected to be captured in the base scenario of ROA and PF model, respectively, in the period 2015–2050. If the volatility of the CO2 price is reduced with 50%, 96 Mt is projected to be captured in the ROA, which is still about one third less than in the PF model.Furthermore, the results show that uncertainty leads to less development of trunklines. All this leads to an increase in the transport and storage costs. For instance, for our case study, the average CO2 transport and storage costs in 2050 increase from 2.8 €/t to 13 €/t in the base scenario of the ROA compared to the PF model. If the volatility is reduced with 50%, the transport and storage costs decrease to 7.5 €/t in the ROA, which is still 2.5 times as much as in the PF model.Our findings indicate that the implementation of CCS can best be stimulated by reducing the volatility of the CO2 price, reducing capture costs and facilitating cooperation between nearby sources.

International Transport of Captured $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ CO 2 : Who Can Gain and How Much?

If carbon capture and storage (CCS) is to become a viable option for low-carbon power generation, its deployment will require the construction of dedicated CO2 transport infrastructure. In a scenario of large-scale deployment of CCS in Europe by 2050, the optimal (cost-minimising) CO2 transport network would consist of large international bulk pipelines from the main CO2 source regions to the CO2 sinks in hydrocarbon fields and saline aquifers, which are mostly located in the North Sea. In this paper, we use a Shapley value approach to analyse the multilateral negotiation process that would be required to develop such jointly optimised CO2 infrastructure. First, we find that countries with excess storage capacity capture 38–45 % of the benefits of multilateral coordination, implying that the resource rent of a depleted hydrocarbon field (when used for CO2 storage) is roughly \({\$}1\) per barrel of original recoverable oil reserves, or \({\$}2\) per boe (barrel of oil equivalent) of original recoverable gas reserves. This adds 25–600 % to current estimates of CO2 storage cost. Second, countries with a strategic transit location capture 19 % of the rent in the case of national pipeline monopolies. Liberalisation of CO2 pipeline construction at EU level could eliminate the transit rent and is shown to reduce by two-thirds the differences between countries in terms of cost per tonne of CO2 exported. Reaching agreement on such liberalisation may be politically challenging, since the payoffs are shown to be strongly divergent across countries.