CO2 Concentration In Gas Research Articles

Carbonation kinetics of calcium-based solids at the centimeter scale for moving bed applications

Countercurrent moving bed reactors were recently proposed to capture CO2 from dispersed sources using calcium materials. Due to disparities with Calcium Looping systems in particle size and solids residence times, additional investigations are required to identify reaction controlling steps and kinetic parameters. This study examines the carbonation reaction of centimeter-scale CaO and Ca(OH)2-derived-CaO pebbles under conditions relevant to moving bed applications. To this end, the impact of carbonation temperature (450–650 °C) and CO2 concentration in the inlet gas (2.5–7.5 %v) was evaluated in TGA, employing particle sizes from 0.26 to 1.65 cm. The obtained results were fitted to a shrinking core model where the rate-determining step is CO2 diffusion through the gas volume that occupies the pores of the solid CaCO3-rich layer formed during carbonation. The experimental findings can be predicted using the effective porosity of the materials as the sole fitting parameter.

The Spatio-Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Carbon Dioxide Derived from the Trajectory Mapping of Ground Observation Network Data in Shanxi Province, One of China’s Largest Emission Regions

In this study, the trajectory mapping domain-filling technology, which can provide more reliable statistical estimates of long-lived gas concentrations in a broader geographical area based on limited station data, is used to map the CO2 concentration data of six ground observation stations to the entire Shanxi Province. The technology combines a dynamical model of the atmosphere with trace gas observations, combining forward and backward trajectories to greatly expand the information on long-lived CO2 gas concentrations over a trajectory path. The mapped results show good agreement with the observation results, which reveals the generalizability of the trajectory mapping domain-filling technology. The results show that the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics of CO2 concentration in the entire Shanxi region is significant: during the five years, the provincial average CO2 concentration exhibits an overall increasing trend. The CO2 concentration increases from the north to the south across the province. Influenced by the economic growth rate and COVID-19, there are differences in the annual variation characteristics of the CO2 concentration across the entire province, with the highest year-on-year growth in 2019 and a year-on-year decrease in 2020. The increasing rate of the CO2 concentration in the northern low-value areas is faster than that in the southern high-value areas. Overall, there is a decreasing trend in the CO2 concentration growth from the north to the south in the entire province. There are seasonal differences in the CO2 concentration distribution across the entire province. The CO2 concentration and amplitude are higher in autumn and winter than they are in spring and summer. This study can provide scientific support and methodological reference for the spatio-temporal distribution characteristics analysis of GHGs at the provincial–regional scale, as well as at the national and global scales.

Sensing analysis of polyaniline – stannous chloride pentahydrate composite of CO2 gas sensors

ABSTRACT In this experimental work, the composite of polyaniline-stannous chloride pentahydrate (PSCL) was synthesized at room temperature through polymerization using FeCl3 as an oxidant. The sensing was carried out at room temperature for a 150 ppm concentration of CO2 gas. The PSCL composite was coated on a glass substrate. The PSCL composite was characterized by XRD, FTIR, and Impedance spectroscopy analysis. XRD and FTIR confirm the formation of SnO2 particles in composites. The ideal capacitor will have phase angle at −90° which is shown by PSCL (10% and 20%) composites which indicate that they have lower ionic permeability and show there insulating properties. Whereas composites PSCL (5% and 15%) at low frequency show high ionic permeability, as they have phase angle near to −45° which makes them poor insulators. The response and recovery times of composites are [130 s, 31 s], [142 s, 556 s], [134 s, 98 s], and [113 s, 90 s] for PSCL 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%. PSCL 15% shows better sensitivity toward CO2 gas at room temperature. PSCL composites show complete reproducibility. The migration of electron between the p-n junction formed in the composite and concentration of SnCL4. 5 H2O in the PSCL composite make it sensitive toward exposed CO2 gas.

Silicon ring resonator with ZIF-8/PDMS cladding for sensing dissolved CO2 gas in perfluorocarbon solutions

Precise measurement of dissolved CO2 gas concentration in perfluorocarbon (PFC) solution is essential to the implementation and understanding of extra-pulmonary gas exchange with liquid ventilation. While electrochemical and optochemical sensing methods are widely used for dissolved CO2 sensing in aqueous solution, dissolved CO2 sensing in the PFC solution remains largely unexplored. We report a refractive index-based silicon photonic sensor for monitoring dissolved CO2 gas in the PFC solution. The sensor employs a high-Q silicon ring resonator with ZIF-8 cladding for selective and sensitive detection of dissolved CO2 gas. Further, a gas-permeable PDMS coating layer is applied to the ZIF-8 cladding for enabling gas diffusion between the PFC solution and the ZIF-8. The PDMS layer does not dissolve in PFC and its hydrophobic properties help protect the ZIF-8 from potential damage caused by aqueous body fluids in the PFC solution during the liquid ventilation process. The fabricated sensor exhibits stable and repeatable responses in the PFC solution with a fine resolution of ∼0.16 CO2 vol%, good selectivity for dissolved CO2 over dissolved O2, and a fast response time of ∼1.9 min, enabling reliable monitoring of dissolved CO2 gas level changes in the PFC solution.

Simulation analysis of CO2 in-situ enrichment technology of fluidized catalytic cracking regenerator

In a typical refinery, >30% CO2 is emitted from the Fluidized Catalytic Cracking(FCC) regenerator. To realize green and low-carbon production, how to capture CO2 in flue gas with low cost and high efficiency is crucial for the development of FCC. The CO2 in-situ enrichment technology of FCC regenerator was proposed in this paper. The regenerator plays the role of CO2 enricher, and additional carbon capture equipment is no longer required. The viability of this technology was critically discussed. Computational Fluid Dynamics was used to investigate the distribution pattern of the flow hydrodynamics and the pattern of coking reaction. Two extreme cases of CO2 in-situ enrichment technology were compared with conventional regeneration. The CO2 concentration in flue gas and dry flue gas exceeds 85% and 93%, respectively. Parameters such as pressure, superficial gas velocity, and O2 concentration were examined. The optimal operating conditions for new technology were obtained.

Integrated Electrochemical Carbon Capture and Utilization by Redox‐Active Amine Grafted Gold Nanoparticles

AbstractElectrochemical carbon capture and utilization (eCCU) from flue gas CO2 could avoid high energy consumption and capital input in conventional capture, storage, and utilization, which is a promising approach for achieving negative emissions and producing “e‐chemicals.” However, low CO2 concentration and leftover O2 in the flue gas presumably lowers the eCCU performance. Herein, redox‐active 2‐amino‐5‐mercapto‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole (AMT) functionalized gold nanoparticles are synthesized to achieve integrated electrochemical capture and reduction of CO2 in simulated flue gas (SFG, 15% CO2, 4% O2, balanced with N2), achieving maximum CO Faradaic efficiency of 80.2% at −0.45 V versus RHE in H‐type cell, and 66.0% at voltage of 2.7 V in a full cell, respectively. The AMT ligand can capture CO2 by strong interaction with CO2 in the reduced state and serve as a selective layer to suppress O2 reduction, which provides the ability of electrochemical carbon capture from SFG and significantly decreases energy required for CO2 electro‐reduction.

Carbon Capture Performance Enhancement of Solid State Synthesized Li4SiO4 Powders by Using Different Kind Steel Slags as SiO2 Source

The potential of lithium orthosilicate (Li4SiO4) as a material to capture carbon dioxide (CO2) is being explored due to its excellent capture capability and thermal stability. Currently, a significant portion of the world's energy needs are met through the burning of fossil fuels, which leads to an increase in atmospheric CO2 and contributes to global warming. While fossil fuels will remain the primary source of energy for several more years, it is crucial to develop cost-effective and environmentally friendly technology for large-scale CO2 capture and storage before its release into the atmosphere in order to mitigate the associated greenhouse effect. This study focuses on optimizing the synthesis of lithium orthosilicate using a solid-state method to enhance CO2 capture. The research involves assessing the key characteristics of the synthesized material that improve CO2 capture efficiency. The starting materials used for comparison include lithium carbonate (Li2CO3), BF (blast furnace), BOF (blast oxygen furnace) and EAF (electric arc furnace) slags, and pure reagents of silicon dioxide (SiO2). The effect of process conditions, such as synthesis temperatures ranging from 850 to 950°C and varying holding times of 4, 6, 8, and 10 hours in a muffle furnace, were studied and compared. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed to characterize the samples and slags. CO2 capture performance of the samples were evaluated in thermobalance test under 92 vol% CO2 (N2 balance) gas concentration at 600°C. As to conclude, carbon dioxide capturing sorbent material was produced by utilizing the slags generated as a by-product in steel production. Thus, considering the principles of circular economy, a material defined as waste was used as raw material for the production of another product used for lowering atmospheric CO2 levels.

The Effectiveness of Exhaust Fan Rotation with Microcontroller for Indoor CO2 Gas Concentration Control System

A dangerous gas that is harmful to human health and is generally found in the room is carbon dioxide (CO2) gas, which is produced from the accumulation of cigarette smoke. In order to overcome the CO2 gas concentration in the room, it is necessary to develop a device that can control the CO2 gas concentration in the room and that processes the CO2 gas detection results from the MQ-2 sensor. In this research, a device simulation was created that can control the CO2 gas concentration produced by accumulated cigarette smoke in a simulation room measuring 15 cm long, 20 cm wide, and 15 cm high with two CO2 gas release ventilation holes, each with a diameter of 3.5 cm, using the exhaust fan rotation and a microcontroller type Arduino UNO as the control unit. The effectiveness of using a microcontroller of the type Arduino UNO to process the CO2 gas detection results from the MQ-2 sensor can be seen in how the exhaust fan works to release CO2 gas from the simulation room. From the results of this research, it can be seen that the effectiveness of the exhaust fan rotation in controlling the CO2 gas concentration detected by the MQ-2 sensor looks good where the CO2 gas concentration can be controlled under 350 ppm.

An Internet of Things Platform for Forest Monitoring

Forests have a very important function in sustaining the natural life on our planet. However, wildfires, landslides, uncontrolled tree cutting, poaching, arson, and many other dangers threaten the forests and natural resources. Therefore, effective monitoring and observation of forests is crucial. This study explains the development and implementation of an Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled forest monitoring system as an innovative solution that will contribute to the protection of forests. The presented system provides real-time climate data in forestlands by using microcontrollers, low-cost sensors, data communication, and cloud platforms. It collects important information such as temperature, humidity, air quality, and ecological activities. Fire detection is achieved by associating the increase in CO gas concentration with the increase in temperature. Landslides are detected by measuring the acceleration of soil movement in 3 axes. Additionally, the system includes advanced machine learning-based acoustic tracking techniques to detect chainsaws, motor vehicles, screams, shouts, and gunshots. The IoT platform provides a web-based user interface and other tools to system users such as forest managers and researchers. These tools detect early signs of threats such as wildfires, landslides and illegal activities in forests. Our tests demonstrate the system's effectiveness in providing information for protecting and managing forests.

Effects of carbon dioxide concentration in modified atmosphere packaging on the shelf life and quality criteria of whole wheat bread during storage

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the effects of carbon dioxide concentration in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on the quality criteria and shelf life of whole wheat flour bread. Four different concentrations of CO2 and N2 gases (30% CO2 + 70% N2, 50% CO2 + 50% N2, 70% CO2:30% N2 and 100% CO2) were applied to the bread samples, which were packaged with PA/EVOH/LDPE (polyamide/ethylene vinyl alcohol/low‐density polyethylene). The samples were stored at room temperature (25°C ± 1°C) for 13 days. The control group was packaged using BOPP (bi‐oriented polypropylene) under atmospheric air as in traditional current use. The effects of MAP on headspace gas analysis, pH, moisture content, water activity, water‐holding capacity, blue value, hardness, total mould and yeast count and sensory evaluation were analysed on days 0, 3, 4, 5, 7, 10 and 13. The results showed that the most effective gas combination in extending the shelf life of whole wheat bread was 100% CO2, and its shelf life was 10 days, whereas it was only 3 days for the control group. Increasing concentrations of CO2 significantly affected mould and yeast growth. As the CO2 concentration increased, the bread exhibited higher water‐holding capacity and blue values, which are important indicators for bread staling. An improved preservation of sensory properties was observed in proportion to increasing CO2 concentrations. However, the CO2 gas concentration did not affect the hardness of the bread. Overall, the study suggests that MAP technology, particularly using 100% CO2, can effectively extend the shelf life of whole wheat flour bread without the need for preservatives, not only extending the microbiological shelf life but also increasing the sensory shelf life. The species that grew in air‐packaged samples were suppressed under modified atmosphere conditions and chalk mould fungi were the dominant and shelf life‐impacting species in the MAP samples. These findings could be beneficial in reducing bread wastage, which is a critical issue in today's society due to the limited shelf life of bread caused by rapid microbiological deterioration or staling.

Flue gas CO2 supply methods for microalgae utilization: A review

The potential for utilizing flue gas as a carbon source in microalgal cultivation holds great promise. Incorporating flue gas as a carbon source into microalgae culture processes can accelerate the growth rate of microalgae, consequently enhancing the overall economic viability of the integrated process. There are two key sources of flue gas to consider: flue gas from coal-fired power plants, characterized by a CO2 concentration of 12–15 w/w%, and flue gas from coal chemical processes, boasting a CO2 concentration of 90–99 w/w%. Additionally, the choice between an open or sealed microalgae culture system can also influence economic efficiency. Thus, there are four distinct microalgal cultivation routes to assess: in-situ open systems, off-situ open systems, in-situ sealed systems, and off-situ sealed systems. The incorporation of flue gas as a carbon source in microalgae cultivation demonstrates significant potential for reducing both environmental impact and costs, rendering it a highly promising and sustainable approach for economically efficient microalgae cultivation. In this review, the in-situ open route is recommended for the situation with high flue gas CO2 concentration and the target products of low-margin commodities, while the off-situ sealed route is suitable for the situation with low flue gas CO2 concentration and the target products of high value-added products.

Novel pyroelectric single crystals PIN-PMN-PT and their applications for NDIR gas detectors

Ternary manganese-doped (1−x−y)Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-xPb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-yPbTiO3 (Mn-doped PIN-PMN-PT) single crystals have demonstrated remarkable pyroelectric properties alongside enhanced temperature stability. These attributes hold substantial promise for the advancement of high precision nondispersive IR (NDIR) applications. In this study, Mn-doped 0.21Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-0.49Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.30PbTiO3 single crystals were introduced and carefully investigated. A compensated structure of pyroelectric IR detector based on Mn-doped PIN-PMN-PT single crystal was designed and fabricated, and a CO2 gas concentration monitoring module was built. Results showed that Mn-doped PIN-PMN-PT single crystals exhibit high pyroelectric coefficient, and better thermal stability than binary (1−x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 system. The compensated pyroelectric IR detectors using Mn-doped PIN-PMN-PT single crystals as element chips showcase a performance that is approximately fourfold higher than that of commercial LiTaO3 pyroelectric detectors. The NDIR CO2 gas sensor module was assembled and exhibited remarkable accuracy along with an impressively low minimum detection concentration. These outcomes underscores its substantial potential for practical utilization in gas monitoring applications.

Legal Aspects of Indonesia's Obligation to Use Renewable Energy

The continued use of fossil fuel energy can increase the concentration of CO₂ gas in the atmosphere and is a major cause of climate change. Amid concerns about the impact of fossil fuel energy use, fossil fuels still dominate national energy consumption in Indonesia. In this position, it is important to know how the legal aspects related to Indonesia's obligations in the utilization of natural resources, especially in encouraging the use of renewable energy. This research is a normative juridical research. This research aims to analyze what legal aspects provide an obligation for Indonesia to make an energy transition. This is important to encourage the use of renewable energy in Indonesia. The results of this study show that Indonesia has an obligation to encourage the use of renewable energy, where this obligation arises from aspects of national law and from aspects of international law

Analisis Konsentrasi dan Dispersi Gas Carbon Monoksida (CO) pada Kegiatan Industri Pengasapan Ikan dengan Pendekatan Model Gaussian Multiple Source

This research was conducted at the fish smoking center in Desa Koto Mesjid, Kecamatan XIII Koto Kampar. The smoking activity uses firewood as fuel to produce smoke. The results of worker interviews from 45 respondents, as many as 18 people with sore eyes and 16 people with dizziness. It is necessary to conduct research to determine the concentration of CO gas and its distribution as well as the impact on workers and the environment. The study was conducted on 8 groups of fumigation businesses to calculate CO gas emissions with the fuel approach used, then analyze the dispersion and impact as well as measure the concentration of CO gas and compare it with quality standards. Calculation of pollutant concentrations using the Gaussian Multiple Source model, sampling of air quality in the field, testing the validity with the Wilmott's Index, and comparing the results of direct measurements with the PP No. Quality standard. No. 22 of 2021. Observations of the highest CO gas emission load were 8.511.314 g/sec, and the highest amount of fuel wood consumption was 17.696 kg/day in the Rezky Salai business group. The Gaussian dispersion approach obtained the results that the concentration of CO gas dispersed at the office, musholla, and canteen receptors was 1.287 μg/m3, 3.938 μg/m3, and 8.302 μg/m3, while the maximum concentration of actual CO gas measurements was 4.908 μg/m3, 9.077 μg/m3 and 9.204 μg/m3. The actual measurement results still meet the quality standards, with values ​​below 10.000 g/m3. The validation of the Gaussian modeling results with the Wilmott's Index resulted in the d value of the office = -0,140, the d value of the Musholla = -0,149, and the d value of the Canteen = -1,278. The value of d in Wilmott's Index indicates that the Gaussian model cannot be applied to the CO gas dispersion in this fish smoking center.

A new forecasting behavior of fractional model of atmospheric dynamics of carbon dioxide gas

This paper gives insight on the nonlinear mathematical model of fractional order, which defines the dynamic variation of carbon dioxide gas (CO2) concentration in the atmosphere X(t) and examines its solution by applying an efficient technique, namely the q-homotopy analysis generalized transform method (q-HAGTM). This study also highlights the effects of variations in human population N(t) and forest biomass F(t) on the dynamics of CO2 gas concentration in the atmosphere. This technique combines the q-homotopy analysis method (q-HAM) and the generalization of the Laplace transform (GLT) to provide an accurate approximation result. The results prove that the applied technique is suitable for high approximation of the atmospheric carbon dioxide gas concentration fractional model solution and simultaneously proves the efficiency of the applied method. The fluctuating behavior of carbon dioxide gas, forest biomass, and human population concentration is illustrated by the graphical representation of the fractional derivative with variation in time. The convergence and uniqueness of the obtained solutions are evaluated for the studied fractional model. The objective of this work is to assess the pattern of CO2 and its effects on the human population and ecosystem, such as global warming and biomass variation, which in turn affect the patterns of drought, floods, storms, and the spread of climatic and vector-borne diseases.

Exploring the factors influencing the low temperature CO gas production characteristics of low-metamorphic coal

CO as an important indicator gas for predicting early spontaneous combustion of coal mainly comes from the oxidation of residual coal in goaf. Low-metamorphic coal has a stronger tendency for spontaneous combustion and is more prone to oxidation to produce CO gas at low temperatures. For example, there are no signs of natural combustion in certain goaf areas of mines, but the CO concentration in the working face continues to exceed the limit, which misleads early natural combustion prediction and warning work. Therefore, taking low metamorphic coal as the main research object, the CO gas production characteristics of different coal samples at low temperatures were determined through temperature-programmed experiments. It was found that the CO gas production rate and concentration of CYM at low temperatures were much higher than those of the other two metamorphic coal samples (approximately 2 times RNM and 3–10 times QM); Determination of content and proportion changes of hydroxyl, aliphatic, Aromatic hydrocarbon and oxygen-containing functional groups in different coal samples before and after heating by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Based on the analysis of CO gas production characteristics of different coal samples, it was found that the intermolecular hydrogen bonds in the hydroxyl groups of CYM and the C-O bonds in the oxygen-containing functional groups decreased significantly. The strongest correlation between intermolecular hydrogen bonds in hydroxyl groups and C-O bonds in oxygen-containing functional groups and the low-temperature CO gas production characteristics of coal is demonstrated; Finally, scanning electron microscopy was used to study the differences in apparent characteristics of different coal samples before and after heating, to determine more complex apparent structures that increase oxygen adsorption sites and promote low-temperature oxidation and CO production of coal during the low-temperature stage. Further guidance will be given to the research on the suppression of intermolecular hydrogen bonds and C-O bonds, as well as the sealing of coal micro pores and crack structures, to improve the targeted application and fire prevention efficiency of fire prevention materials.

Process Control of a Compost-Reactor Turning Operation Based on a Composting Kinetics Model

Composting is a biochemical as well as a heterogeneous process, and the turning operation is important to maintain aerobic conditions and improve the efficiency of the composting process. Therefore, the turning frequency is an important factor for the precise control of the composting reactor. It is necessary to determine the changes in the physical and chemical parameters of the composting process and to simulate them. Pretreated vinegar residue and wool washing sludge were mixed at a mass ratio of 6:4 for the composting process. The composting reactor’s temperature, CO2, CH4, and organic matter content were collected during the composting process. According to the principles of composting, a kinetic model of composting based on the change in CO2 gas concentration and heat balance in the composting reactor is developed, which provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent control of the composting reactor. The comparison of the model predictions to the measured results of the composting reactor shows that the SSE, R2, and RMSE for the organic matter content simulation are 8.122, 0.943, and 1.274 g/kg, respectively, and the SSE, R2, and RMSE for the temperature simulation are 29.54, 0.959, and 2.71 °C, respectively. Based on the prediction of the temperature in the reactor based on the composting kinetics model, the process control for the turning operation is proposed to achieve precise control of the composting process. The results show that the duration of high temperature in a composting reactor is prolonged for 2 days, the degradation rate of organic matter occurs at a more rapid speed, and the operation efficiency of the production line can be improved by more than 10%. This indicates that the decision-making method based on the composting kinetics model can improve the composting efficiency.

Catalytic Gasification and Reforming of Residual Biomass in a Bench Scale System with Low Cost Catalysts.

This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of using of different catalysts for reforming tars contained in the syngas of biomass gasifiers. The conversion of the tar content allows to obtain high quality syngas and to maximize the gas fraction. A bench scale equipment consisting of an autothermal fluidized bed gasifier and a downstream packed bed reformer was used. Pine sawdust was selected as the feedstock for gasification. TGA analysis showed that the temperature must be above 350 °C to ensure the ignition of the biomass and maintain the process in an autothermal steady-state. Dolomite and pyrolysis char were used to test of the fluidized bed catalysts. In the reformer, dolomite, pyrolysis char, iron doped activated carbon and spent HDS catalyst were used. All catalysts decreased the CO2 concentration in the product gas and increased H2 , CH4 and CO. When iron doped activated carbon is used, tar contents below 60 g/Nm3 in the product gas could be obtained, reaching less than 1 g/Nm3 . The best value of LHV (lower heating value) was obtained with pyrolysis char as a catalyst (4.8 MJ/Nm3 ). The results demonstrate that catalytic biomass gasification with downstream tar reforming with low-cost catalysts is a promising solution for energy applications.

Grafting amine-functionalized ligand layer on catalyst for electrochemical CO2 capture and utilization

Direct electrochemical CO2 capture and utilization from flue gas offers appealing route to closing the carbon cycle and avoiding the cost for CO2 purification. Yet, the low CO2 concentration in flue gas and competing oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) pose severe challenges for this process. Herein, we report 4-aminobutylphosphonic acid ligand layer capped Ag nanoparticles (NH2BPA-Ag) for high-efficiency conversion of simulated flue gas (SFG). The amino group in NH2BPA is available for CO2 capture and activation, while phosphonic acid groups inhibit ORR by desorbing *OOH intermediate. NH2BPA-Ag achieves 82% CO Faradaic efficiency (FECO) in H-cell for SFG reduction and enhances FECO 2.6 times over pristine Ag nanoparticles. In a membrane electrode assembly electrolyzer, NH2BPA-Ag shows 79.6% FECO and 38.1% full-cell energy efficiency at 48 mA cm-2 for SFG conversion. This study highlights the strategy of tailoring catalytic microenvironments at molecular level for realizing a highly selective performance.

Characterization of a novel two-stage high ash coal gasifier for low tar and high calorific value gas

The high ash content of coal poses two critical challenges in conventional gasifiers: (a) ash agglomeration and (b) low-quality syngas. The ash agglomerations are caused by the interaction of alkali and alkaline earth metals with other inorganic compounds, localized temperature generation, and unoptimized process parameters. Whereas low-quality gas is due to moderate temperature operations and the mixing of syngas with pyrolysis products. Recognizing these challenges, the current work discusses the design, development, and performance characterization of a novel two-stage gasification system that strategically segregates oxidative pyrolysis in a cyclone reactor and oxy-steam char gasification in a packed bed reactor. Such segregation provides explicit control over parameters like local temperatures, particle and gas residence time, enabling the configuration to handle coal with a wide range of ash content. Thermodynamic analysis and performance characterization experiments have been carried out with varied temperatures, oxygen, and steam flow rates. While operating the system up to 950˚C, there was no indication of clinker formation. The gravimetric tar content was found 52 ± 3 mg/Nm3. The concentration of CO, CO2, CH4, and H2 in the product gas during experiments was 40 ± 5, 20 ± 5, 2 ± 1, and 45 ± 5%, respectively. The carbon conversion was greater than 77%, with further scope for improvement.