CO2 Capture, Utilization, And Storage Research Articles

Evaluation of carbon capture technologies in the oil and gas industry using a socio-technical systems perspective-based decision support system under interval type-2 trapezoidal fuzzy set

Concerns in relation to consequences of global warming and climate change have activated worldwide attempts for mitigating the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) produced by the industrial sector. Decarbonizing the oil and gas refining (OGR) industries is a challenging problem for policy-makers owing to its potential to prevent economic, environmental, and health risks. In this regard, CO2 capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies are the most encouraging options to decarbonize. The technologies related to the part of CO2 capture can play a vital role in solving the mentioned problem. Various technologies have been employed for CO2 capture, and choosing the appropriate technology is a complex multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) issue. This work develops a novel and robust decision support system (DSS). The DSS integrates MCDM techniques of the Delphi and Entropy integration method (DAEIM) and complex proportional assessment of alternatives (COPRAS) method with the interval type-2 trapezoidal fuzzy (IT2TF) environment. The proposed DSS is used to evaluate, prioritize, and choose technologies for CO2 capture. A hybrid criteria system, which involves elements of socio-technical systems perspective has been used for evaluating the candidate technologies. For implementing the DSS of this work, five capture technologies of post-combustion (A_cc1), pre-combustion (A_cc2), oxy-fuel combustion (A_cc3), direct air capture (A_cc4), and indirect air capture (A_cc5) have been chosen for evaluation. The final value of each technology is A_cc1 (0. 2907), A_cc2 (0.2602), A_cc3 (0.1005), A_cc4 (0.2304), and A_cc5 (0.1181) and the preferences of the technologies are A_cc1> A_cc2> A_cc4> A_cc5> A_cc3. The evaluation findings reveal that post-combustion technology with the value of 0.2907 is the most suitable scenario for the capture of CO2 emissions from Iran's OGR systems. The computation results demonstrate that the suggested DSS is feasible and applicable and give reliable and robust findings for acquiring the optimal CO2 capture technology.

Optimization of CO2 flooding under dual goals of oil recovery and CO2 storage: Numerical case studies of the first-ever CCUS pilot in Changqing oilfield

CCUS (CO2 capture, utilization, and storage) is an important way to reduce carbon emissions and is increasingly applied in the development of hydrocarbon resources. It is crucial to develop proper engineering parameters to achieve the dual goals of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and CO2 storage. This paper reports systematic numerical case studies of the first-ever CCUS pilot project at Changqing Oilfield to identify further improvement opportunities compared to the current development strategy. The targeted reservoir is located in the Huang 3 (H3) block and is characterized by ultra-low permeability (<1 mD), low oil production (<5 tons/day), and miscible and near-miscible flooding. A three-phase compositional reservoir model is established and a typical well group, consisting of one injector and eight producers, is selected to perform the numerical case studies. We investigate the influence and sensitivity analysis of engineering parameters on oil production and CO2 storage in ultra-low permeability sandstone reservoirs. The results indicate that the well pattern, the timing of switching to water-alternating-gas injection, the gas-water slug size ratio, and the injection rate are controlling factors to achieve favorable performance. The simulation results show that by using optimized engineering parameters, the oil recovery factor of the target reservoir is significantly increased by 25% and the CO2 storage efficiency is increased by 60%. Finally, an optimized development plan is obtained based on the actual conditions of the target reservoir. The reported case studies are supposed to provide insights into the optimal design and operation of CO2 utilization and storage in hydrocarbon reservoirs.

Energy, exergy and economic (3E) analysis of a novel integration process based on coal-fired power plant with CO2 capture & storage, CO2 refrigeration, and waste heat recovery

CO2 capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) are critical technical measures to effectively mitigate the global climate change problem. However, most of the existing research has focused on the capture end and lacks in-depth analysis of subsequent processes such as compression, leading to limitations in the improvement of system economics. Therefore, a novel CCS system for a 300 MW coal-fired power plant was proposed in this paper with two strategies: (1) a CCS system integrating CO2 refrigeration cycle (CFPP-CCS-CRC); and (2) a CCS co-generation plant integrating CO2 refrigeration cycle (CHP-CCS-CRC). The proposed systems’ performance was comparatively evaluated by applying energy, exergy, and economic (3E) analyses. The results demonstrated that at different CO2 capture percentages (13.1 %∼72.9 %), the CHP-CCS-CRC system has improved energy utilization efficiency by 1.2 %∼5.6 % and exergy efficiency by 7.7 %∼25.8 %, compared to the conventional CCUS system (CFPP-CCS). In particular, at a percentage of 13.1 %, the combined energy consumption of the CHP-CCS-CRC system was 0.39 GJ/tCO2, a 79 % reduction compared to 1.87 GJ/tCO2 of the CFPP-CCS system, which resulted in a static payback period of less than 2 years. In general, the newly proposed system features more adequate energy utilization, lower operating costs, and higher economic efficiency.

CCUS in India: bridging the gap between action and ambition

India has committed to reaching net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2070. While targets for CO2 capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technologies are not explicitly set, the Government of India’s agencies and public-sector enterprises have mentioned CCUS approaches conditionally subject to availability of feasible technology and financing. This paper aims to examine the gap between the current status of CCUS in India and the levels of deployment as projected by modeling exercises. It takes a Talanoa dialogue approach to answer the following questions on CCUS perspective in India: where are we right now, where do we need to be, and how do we get there. The current status of CO2 capture in India is at the pilot/demonstration stage, with the chemicals and steel sectors, being the most advanced. Emergence of the methanol economy as a key avenue for CO2 utilization may be seen at a large-scale. Geologic CO2 storage is at an advanced planning stage via enhanced oil recovery, and will likely be targeted over this decade. From the current and planned stage, India would likely need 400–800 Mt-CO2/year by 2050 to meet its share of the 1.5 °C carbon budget. We suggest several priority research directions for technology development across the CCUS value chain.

Kinetics and structure analysis of CO2 mineralization for recycled concrete aggregate (RCA)

CO2 mineralization of solid waste in the construction industry for green concrete production is a promising approach for economically storing CO2 and recycling solid waste. Recent investigations have underscored the significance of CO2 sequestration and the augmentation of RCA performance engendered by the holistic reaction processes. While there is a pronounced interest in the optimization of macroscopic reaction conditions (e.g., temperature, pressure, etc.), the exploration and enhancement of the reaction kinetics stage often remains under explored. This study employed a reaction kinetics model to quantify the reaction rate unveiled two distinct reaction stages within the mineralization reaction. Early evaporation and pore formation established the groundwork for the diffusion mechanism of gas product layers in the middle and later stages, emphasizing the crucial role of water in connecting solid ion leaching and gas dissolution-diffusion in the reaction. The water content of the reaction has an optimal value (4%–6%), smaller particle size correlates with a higher optimal water content. Pre-soaking with a calcium hydroxide (CH) solution or suspension was employed to improve mineralization reaction kinetics, resulting in RCA with improved pore characteristics and strength. The crushing index decreased by 28.8% and 21.8%, the water absorption rate decreased by 11.1% for both coarse and fine RCA, and the cumulative total porosity of fine RCA decreased by 17.6%. This research aims to broaden the applications of waste concrete in the CO2 capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) industry and produce low-cost, extensively processed, and high-strength RCA products while contributing to sustainable CO2 management.

CO2 dynamic mass balance of low permeability reservoir based on “four regions”

AbstractIn order to limit the increase in global average temperature to 1.5°C, it is necessary to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by 45% by 2030. CO2 capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) is one of the effective ways to reduce CO2 emissions. Geological storage of CO2 provides a solution with the lowest economic cost and the fastest effect for reducing CO2 emissions. This article proposes a CO2 storage regional division method based on the characteristics of low‐permeability reservoirs in the Yanchang W oilfield in China. The storage space is divided into four regions: gas phase region, two‐phase or near‐miscible region, diffusion region, and oil phase region. As the displacement progresses, the volume of the gas phase region and the two‐phase or near‐miscible region gradually increases; the volume of the diffusion region first increases and then decreases. By calculating the storage capacity of each region separately, the total storage capacity is finally calculated. The impact of different pressures and injection rates on dynamic CO2 storage capacity was evaluated. The results show that pressure and injection rate are positively correlated with total storage capacity. When CO2 miscible conditions are reached, the increase in total storage capacity will significantly decrease. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

CO2 Storage Monitoring via Time-Lapse Full Waveform Inversion with Automatic Differentiation.

In the field of CO2 capture utilization and storage (CCUS), recent advancements in active-source monitoring have significantly enhanced the capabilities of time-lapse acoustical imaging, facilitating continuous capture of detailed physical parameter images from acoustic signals. Central to these advancements is time-lapse full waveform inversion (TLFWI), which is increasingly recognized for its ability to extract high-resolution images from active-source datasets. However, conventional TLFWI methodologies, which are reliant on gradient optimization, face a significant challenge due to the need for complex, explicit formulation of the physical model gradient relative to the misfit function between observed and predicted data over time. Addressing this limitation, our study introduces automatic differentiation (AD) into the TLFWI process, utilizing deep learning frameworks such as PyTorch to automate gradient calculation using the chain rule. This novel approach, AD-TLFWI, not only streamlines the inversion of time-lapse images for CO2 monitoring but also tackles the issue of local minima commonly encountered in deep learning optimizers. The effectiveness of AD-TLFWI was validated using a realistic model from the Frio-II CO2 injection site, where it successfully produced high-resolution images that demonstrate significant changes in velocity due to CO2 injection. This advancement in TLFWI methodology, underpinned by the integration of AD, represents a pivotal development in active-source monitoring systems, enhancing information extraction capabilities and providing potential solutions to complex multiphysics monitoring challenges.

CO2-enhanced oil recovery with CO2 utilization and storage: Progress and practical applications in China

CO2 capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is a strategic emerging technology that has undergone rapid development in recent years. CO2-Enhanced oil recovery with CO2 utilization and storage (CCUS-EOR) is currently the most practicable large-scale carbon reduction technology and has become a key tool for large-scale applications of CCUS. In the inceptive period, CCUS-EOR was targeted towards flooding, but has since been extensively adopted for industrialization. At present, CCUS-EOR is being developed for synergistic flooding and storage, and is expected to gradually transition to utilization in geological storage for supporting large-scale carbon reduction to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality. The primary mechanisms controlling CCUS-EOR differ for high-permeability, high-water-cut oil reservoirs; low-permeability oil reservoirs; extra-low permeability oil reservoirs; and tight and shale oil reservoirs. Therefore, identifying the main constraints in the CO2 flooding process and formulating effective development strategies are necessary for maximizing both oil recovery and storage. In the geological storage of CO2, attention must be paid to key factors such as the storage capacity, injectivity, and safety. The storage performance can be enhanced through methods such as synergistic CO2-enhanced water recovery and CO2 storage (CCS-EWR), as well as rapid carbon mineralization in basalt. Globally, CCUS projects have undergone rapid growth, with more than 90 % of operational projects led by or involving oil and gas companies. In China, CCUS-EOR is currently in the early stage of industrial application. The first million-ton CCUS project has recently been completed. China has great potential for CCUS-EOR. An advantage of CCUS-EOR is the early adoption to large-scale applications, while CO2 storage in saline aquifers provides a foundation for promoting large-scale development. In the future, multiple CCUS-EOR clusters are expected to be established in the Bohai Bay Basin, Songliao Basin, Ordos Basin, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta regions, which will drive high-quality development of CCUS applications in China. ChineseLibrary Classification Number TE341. Document CodeA.

Research Progress on CO2 Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) Based on Micro-Nano Fluidics Technology

The research and application of CO2 storage and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) have gradually emerged in China. However, the vast unconventional oil and gas resources are stored in reservoir pores ranging from several nanometers to several hundred micrometers in size. Additionally, CO2 geological sequestration involves the migration of fluids in tight caprock and target layers, which directly alters the transport and phase behavior of reservoir fluids at different scales. Micro- and nanoscale fluidics technology, with their advantages of in situ visualization, high temperature and pressure resistance, and rapid response, have become a new technical approach to investigate gas–liquid interactions in confined domains and an effective supplement to traditional core displacement experiments. The research progress of micro–nano fluidics visualization technology in various aspects, such as CO2 capture, utilization, and storage, is summarized in this paper, and the future development trends and research directions of micro–nano fluidics technology in the field of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) are predicted.

Levelized Cost Analysis for Blast Furnace CO2 Capture, Utilization, and Storage Retrofit in China’s Blast Furnace–Basic Oxygen Furnace Steel Plants

As the largest carbon emitter in China’s manufacturing sector, the low-carbon transition of the steel industry is urgent. CO2 capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology is one of the effective measures to reduce carbon emissions in steel industry. In this paper, a comprehensive assessment model of source–sink matching-levelized cost in China’s steel industry is constructed to evaluate the potential, economy, and spatial distribution of CCUS retrofits of blast furnaces in the BF-BOF steel industry. The results show that, if no extra incentive policy is included, the levelized cost of carbon dioxide (LCOCD) of 111 steel plants with a 420.07 Mt/a CO2 abatement potential ranges from −134.87 to 142.95 USD/t. The levelized cost of crude steel (LCOS) range of steel plants after the CCUS retrofits of blast furnaces is 341.81 to 541.41 USD/t. The incentives such as carbon market and government subsidies will all contribute to the early deployment of CCUS projects. The CCUS technology could be prioritized for deployment in North China, Northwest China, and East China’s Shandong Province, but more powerful incentives are still needed for current large-scale deployment. The research results can provide references for the early deployment and policy formulation of CCUS in China’s steel industry.

Investment feasibilities of CCUS technology retrofitting China's coal chemical enterprises with different CO2 geological sequestration and utilization approaches

CO2 capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology provides an efficient alternative for decarbonizing the coal chemical industry under China's carbon neutrality goal. However, uncertainties such as geological conditions, technology level, carbon markets, subsidy policies, etc., will greatly affect investor confidence in the CCUS applicability in this industry. This study develops a trinomial tree real options based CCUS investment decision model to explore CCUS investment feasibilities for China's coal chemical enterprises with different CO2 geological sequestration and utilization approaches, i.e., CO2 enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) projects, CO2 enhanced coalbed methane (CO2-ECBM) projects, and deep saline aquifer (DSA) projects. The findings show that 1) CO2-ECBM projects have a larger investment benefit compared to CO2-EOR and DSA projects, with a critical coalbed methane (CBM) price for the immediate investment of 1.3 CNY/m³ under the current technology and carbon price level. 2) CO2-EOR projects are immediately investable at a critical oil price of 200 CNY/BBL; DSA projects require the execution of a delayed option with a critical carbon price of 361.8 CNY/t. 3) Provincial investment benefits vary substantially depending on CO2 transport distance and product revenue, particularly for CO2-ECBM projects in Henan and Guizhou, which have significant investment benefits due to high local CBM prices and short CO2 transport distances.

Investigations on CO2 migration and flow characteristics in sandstone during geological storage based on laboratory injection experiment and CFD simulation

CO2 geological storage in tight sandstone reservoirs is an effective method of CO2 capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). CO2 migration and flow characteristics in sandstone during geological storage affect the physical and mechanical properties of rocks significantly. In this study, laboratory injection experiments combined with X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests, and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation have been conducted to investigate the effect of geological and engineering parameters on CO2 migration and flow characteristics. The results show that: (1) The injection rate and injection pressure affect the Sc-CO2 migration path. Moreover, the fluid velocity and fluid pressure affect the pressure distribution in pores significantly. Limiting the injection rate and pressure during the CO2 geological storage is beneficial for the stability of the storage. (2) The pressure distribution of the fluid changes with orders of magnitude depending on the injection pressure. However, the overall transient relative pressure is almost consistent and the fluid pressure in the bending section of the bending pores exhibits a linearly decreasing trend. (3) SEM tests provide a connection between laboratory experiments and CFD simulation on microscopic scale. The injection pressure and the acoustic emission (AE) energy have a positive correlation to a certain extent. The Sc-CO2 migration path could be forecasted preliminarily through the fluctuation of the injection pressure-time curves and AE response. The results enrich the theory of CO2 migration and flow characteristics during CO2 geological storage.

Continuous CO2 abatement via integrated carbon capture and conversion over Ni-MgO-Al2O3 dual-functional materials

Massive emission of CO2 is one of the main contributors to global warming, and CO2 capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) was proposed as an indispensable option for carbon reduction. Recently, integrated carbon capture and conversion (ICCC) was regarded as a potential approach to lower the cost of CCUS, and development of efficient dual-functional materials (DFMs) is among the top priority in the area. Herein, Ni-MgO-Al2O3 DFMs were prepared by calcination of Ni-impregnated Mg-Al layered double hydroxide (MgAl-LDH), as such, the pre-loaded Ni species was actively involved in the decomposition of MgAl-LDH, therefore the synergy and balance of the adsorption and catalytic functionalities for ICCC can be promoted in the resulted DFMs. The optimized sample (20NiMgAl(500)) showed excellent ICCC performance. At 300 °C, continuous abatement of CO2 from simulated flue gas (15 vol.%CO2/N2) was achieved with an excellent efficiency of 280 L·h−1·kg−1. Composition analysis of the effluent gas demonstrated that over 97 % CO2 in the feed could be captured, and over 95 % of the captured CO2 was converted to CH4 with ∼ 100 % selectivity. Full retention of the adsorption capacity was observed for 10 adsorption-methanation cycles, and the post-reaction characterization of the DFMs indicated little structure change. This work may pave a way to the practical application of the ICCC technology, and also inspire other integration approaches between CO2 capture and the following mitigation technologies.

Economic and scale prediction of CO2 capture, utilization and storage technologies in China

In response to the lack of global quantitative research on the potential and scale prediction of CO2 capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) in China under the background of carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, this study predicts the future economic costs of different links of CCUS technologies and the carbon capture needs of different industries in the scenario of fossil energy continuation. Based on the CO2 utilization and storage potential and spatial distribution in China, a cost-scale calculation model for different regions in China in 2060 is constructed to predict the whole-process economic cost and its corresponding scale potential of CCUS. The results show that a local + remote storage mode is preferred, together with a local utilization mode, to meet China's 27×108 t/a CO2 emission reduction demand under the scenario of fossil energy continuation. Specifically, about 5×108 t CO2 emission is reduced by capture utilization, and the whole-process cost is about −1400–200 RMB/t; about 22×108 t CO2 emission is reduced by capture storage, and the whole-process cost is about 200–450 RMB/t. According to the model results, it is recommended to develop the chemical utilization industry based on P2X (Power to X, where X is raw material) technology, construct the CCUS industrial cluster, and explore a multi-party win-win cooperation mode. A scheme of national trunk pipeline network connecting areas connecting intensive emission reduction demand areas and target storage areas is suggested. The emission reduction cost of thermal power based on CCUS is calculated to be 0.16 RMB/(kW·h).

Computed X‐ray Tomography Investigation of Porosity and Permeability of the Liujiagou Formation Sandstone Exposed to CO2‐Saturated Brine

AbstractIn order to improve CO2 capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) to solve carbon emission, sandstone from the Triassic Liujiagou Formation (LF) from the Ordos Basin in China was investigated using permeability tests and computed X‐ray tomography (CT) scanning. The presence of reactive minerals within the geological CO2 sequestration target storage formation can allow reaction with injected CO2, which changes the porosity and permeability of the LF beds, affecting storage effectiveness. To investigate the effect of chemical reactions on the pore structure and permeability of sandstone cores representing the LF CO2 storage, tests were conducted to analyze the changes in porosity and permeability of sandstone cores induced by CO2‐saturated brine at different reaction times (28‐day maximum reaction period). Porosity and permeability of the sandstone increased after reaction with CO2‐saturated brine due to mineral dissolution. The sandstone exhibited an increase in porosity and permeability after 15 days of reaction with CO2‐saturated brine. Moreover, there was an increase in the volume of large pores in the sandstone after the 28‐day period. The pore network of the sandstone was established through CT results, and the porosity calculated based on the obtained pore network was close to that measured in the test, demonstrating the feasibility to use CT to study the evolution of the microstructure of sandstone after long‐time exposure to CO2‐saturated brine.

Assessing CO2 uptake of CO2-cured cement mortar through theoretical modeling and experimental validation

CO2 curing of cement-based materials is considered a promising carbon–neutral technology for large-scale storage of CO2, and CO2 uptake is the key parameter for evaluating CO2 storage capacity. This study assessed the CO2 uptake of cement mortar subjected to flue gas curing through theoretical modeling and experimental validation. It is found that the CO2 uptake for the high-concentration group is higher at early stages but becomes the same after sufficient curing, asthe higher CO2 concentration accelerates the diffusion process but has little effect on the carbonation process. Meanwhile, although the initial CO2 uptake for the smaller specimens is larger, the difference gradually decreases with curing time after overall curing. Achieving overall curing is an effective way to ensure high carbonation rate and CO2 uptake. The CO2 uptake at overall curing increases with increasing specimen size or decreasing CO2 concentration. For fixed-depth CO2 curing, the CO2 uptake decreases significantly with increasing specimen size, while the curing time and carbonation degree change little. The findings of the present work will be beneficial to improve the CO2 storage capacity of cement-based materials and push forward the application of CO2 capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technology in the construction industry.

Stability and structure of multiply occupied sII CO2 clathrate hydrates: A possibility for carbon capturing

The hydrate method is an important technology that has been widely studied for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture, utilization and storage (CCUS). Improving the gas reserves per unit volume is the key goal for this technology. Therefore, the occurrence behaviors of large CO2 hydrate cages, the structure II, occupied with 1–5 gas molecules were investigated via molecular dynamics (MD) in this study. The occupancy rate, stability and decomposition laws of CO2 hydrate were systematically analyzed. The results indicate that the large hydrate cages occupied with 4–5 molecules were directly broken due to excessively large intermolecular repulsion. In contrast, the large hydrate cages occupied with 3 molecules showed an obvious four-rupture-stage: (1) a small part of cages rupturing; (2) metastable cages formation along with the escape of CO2 molecules, and the cages do not continue to break until all the CO2 molecules escape; (3) pure residual cages rupturing, with no CO2 gas existing in cages in this stage; and (4) complete decomposition of the CO2 hydrate. It is interesting that the large hydrate cages occupied with 2 gas molecules are stable, and 2 is the maximum occupancy number. The pressure is more important for improving the stability of the double-occupancy hydrate, and a higher pressure (20 MPa) strengthens the stability of the CO2 hydrate structure. The findings in this study indicate that the sII CO2 hydrate under sufficiently high pressure can maximally increase the storage efficiency by 36.5 wt%.

Statistical analysis of gelation mechanism of high-temperature CO2-responsive smart gel system

The CO2 capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) are very important. CO2-responsive materials have good CO2 responsiveness and can play a certain role in CCUS. However, the use temperature of CO2-responsive surfactant is relatively low, and the main factors affecting their performance are still not clear, seriously affecting their large-scale application. In this work, a kind of high-temperature CO2-responsive surfactant was synthesized, and it can form a high-temperature CO2-responsive smart gel system when combined with counter ion salt. The effects of temperature, surfactant concentration, salinity, aging time and oil content on the properties of the CO2-responsive smart gel system were studied by means of rheological experiments and SEM characterization. Combined with statistical analysis methods, a large number of experimental data were analyzed and fitted, a mathematical model was constructed. The mathematical model was highly feasible and statistically significant. Based on the mathematical model, the main factors affecting the performance of the CO2-responsive smart gel system were analyzed, and the gelation mechanism of the gel system was obtained. This work is expected to provide some guidance for the future application of the CO2-responsive smart gel.

Perspectives of oxy-coal power plants equipped with CO2 capture, utilization, and storage in terms of energy, economic, and environmental impacts

CO2-free power plants (PPs) with renewable electricity have promising sustainability implications, but the impact of their widespread use is yet to be determined. Here, the effect of an oxy-coal PP equipped with CO2 capture, water electrolysis, and CO2 methanation on electricity efficiency, CO2 emission rate, CO2 capture cost, and global surface temperatures (Tg) was investigated. By exploiting surplus electricity from renewable sources for electrolysis, we estimated that 5 % of the CO2 emitted from the coal PP was methanized. The process flow diagram of a 500 MWe decarbonized oxy-coal PP was constructed and its impact on energetic, economic, and environmental values was evaluated. The results were applied to a model of the global carbon cycle to predict Tg considering the prospective global population and carbon emission rate (rff) of fossil fuels by 2050. An 80 % replacement of conventional coal PPs worldwide by decarbonized oxy-coal PPs contributed to reducing rff by 6.1 GtCO2/y in 2050 and lowering Tg by 0.09 °C. The additional capital cost to replace 80 % of conventional coal PPs with decarbonized oxy-coal PPs, including associated geological storage costs, was estimated to be $43/tCO2. This study elucidates the promise and limitations of coal PPs designed for CO2 capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). Combining CCUS technologies with global warming estimates can be extended to examine the economic and climatic impact of CCUS under various CO2 emission sources.

CO2 capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) storage site selection using DEMATEL-based Grey Relational Analysis and evaluation of carbon emissions with the ARIMA method.

Various systems are increasing gradually to reduce environmental concerns carbon capture, use, and storage (CCUS) systems are one of the most preferred processes in this context. Special areas such as depleted oil and gas reservoirs, aquifer reservoirs, and salt cave reservoirs are required needed to use this technology and, considering various criteria to decide on these areas is necessary. In this study, the problem of choosing the most suitable CCUS site selection for Turkey is discussed. In the study, for the alternative areas (Adıyaman, Aksaray, Diyarbakır, Afyon, and Tekirdağ) determined, 11 sub-assessment criteria (cost, CO2 state, regional risk, infrastructure availability, reservoir permeability, storage capacity, thickness reservoir, porosity, transportation availability, sustainability, facilities in operation by application) were discussed under CCUS main criterias (carbon capture, carbon storage, and carbon use). The DEMATEL method was used for the weights of the evaluation criteria. Unweighted gray relational analysis (GRA) method and DEMATEL-based GRA method were used to rank the alternatives. According to unweighted GRA results, Aksaray, Adıyaman, Afyon, Tekirdağ, and Diyarbakır decisions are obtained, respectively. According to the weighted GRA results, Aksaray, Adıyaman, Tekirdağ, Afyon, and Diyarbakır decisions are obtained, respectively. Calculation results demonstrated that Aksaray region is the most suitable alternative CCUS area for both methods. The CO amount values for the next period were estimated for this area and evaluated with the auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) method by the Minitab. By considering 1013 days of CO data, according to the MA(1) model estimation results were obtained values between 410.899 (μg/m3) and 459.909 (μg/m3). With the installation of the CCUS facility, this value could be checked again by examining it. The use of real data in the study increases the effectiveness of the proposed approach.