Strategy For CO2 Capture Research Articles

Catalyst screening for conversion of Chlorella sp. to aromatic fuel additives: A sustainable strategy for CO2 capture

Developing biofuels with characteristics similar to current fossil fuels and compatibility with existing petroleum infrastructure (drop-in biofuels) is gaining prominence, aligning with global efforts towards carbon-neutral economies and decarbonization of the transportation sector. The originality of the current study involves two directions: first, the use of Chlorella sp. microalgae, cultivated under simulated post-combustion gas, as a raw material for producing drop-in biofuel precursors; and second, an investigation of the catalytic activity of hierarchical zeolites in the deoxygenation and denitrogenation of volatile pyrolysis products, enhancing hydrocarbon content. To accomplish this, a micro-furnace-type temperature-programmable pyrolyzer coupled with chromatographic separation and mass spectrometry detection (Py-GC/MS) was utilized to assess the upgrading effectiveness of distinct zeolites (faujasite-type, MFI-type, and mordenite-type) on volatile pyrolysis products. All tested zeolites effectively reduced oxygenated and nitrogenated compounds in the volatile pyrolysis products, enhancing their suitability for producing renewable fuel. This supports sustainable development goals by promoting affordable, clean energy and climate action. HMor yielded the highest hydrocarbon content (98.5 %), followed by HZSM-5 (97.6 %) and HY (85.5 %). Catalytic upgrading significantly increased the concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons (at least 66.3 %), with MFI-type zeolites showing the highest selectivity for valuable BETX compounds (benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, xylene). Hydrocarbons in the gasoline range, with up to 91.7 %, predominantly align with the needs of the transportation fuel market. The principal component analysis illustrates that using MFI-type zeolites promoted the lowest selectivity for PAHs, constituting precursors for coke formation, which is advantageous for ensuring a longer catalyst lifespan. Our results are promising and encourage the conversion of microalgal biomass into renewable fuel additives for formulating drop-in biofuels, as hydrocarbon-rich volatile pyrolysis products could be directly integrated into existing biorefineries. Thus, microalgal biomass cultivated using flue gas as the carbon source can be viewed as a versatile and promising resource for producing renewable fuel additives, contributing to developing a sustainable, low-carbon future.

Isothermal CO2 separation Enabled by redox-active mixed oxide sorbents

This study reports an isothermal CO2 capture strategy using redox-active perovskite oxides and demonstrates its application in sorption-enhanced hydrogen production. Using a thermodynamic analysis, we investigated the relationship between the equilibrium oxygen partial pressure and the extent of CO2 sorption as well as the theoretical hydrogen purity. To validate the concept, calcium and cobalt co-doped SrFeO3 (SrxCa1-xFeyCo1-yO3-δ) samples were screened experimentally to assess their (isothermal) CO2 sorption capacity and reducibility. The optimal sorbent, Sr0.6Ca0.4Fe0.7Co0.3O3-δ (SCFC-6473), underwent further characterizations and was used for isothermal sorption-enhanced steam reforming (iSESR) of glycerol to produce H2, achieving 93 vol% H2 purity. In addition, we present iSESR of biogas and isothermal sorption-enhanced gasification (iSEG) of pulverized pine by Sr0.875Ba0.125MnO3-δ (SBM 718) to validate the generalizability of the proposed concept for a variety of applications. Nearly 90 % syngas efficiency was demonstrated for iSEG of biomass while producing a hydrogen enriched (73 vol%) syngas product.

A Comprehensive Review of Approaches in Carbon Capture, and Utilization to Reduce Greenhouse Gases

Addressing atmospheric CO2 levels is crucial for mitigating global warming and promoting sustainable fossil fuel use. This review explores various CO2 capture strategies, including pre-combustion, post-combustion, oxy-fuel combustion, direct air capture, chemical looping, and polymeric membranes. Each strategy is critically evaluated in terms of its advantages, limitations, and overall effectiveness. Additionally, this study discusses advanced separation techniques for captured CO2, emphasizing recent innovations in membrane technology integrated with cryogenic processes. This integration has the potential to economically extract CO2 from diverse industrial processes, offering significant benefits in terms of operational cost reduction and increased efficiency. A detailed market analysis is also presented to explore feasible CO2 utilization options, highlighting potential incentives and motivations for capturing CO2. Furthermore, the technological readiness level of various capture and separation techniques is assessed, offering insights into their development and progress over time. This comprehensive analysis aims to support the advancement of effective and economically viable CO2 management solutions, contributing to a more sustainable and climate-resilient future.

Integration of deep eutectic solvent with adsorption and membrane-based processes for CO2 capture: An innovative approach

CO2 capture strategies have been implemented to address climate change by reducing CO2 emissions from large-scale sources such as fossil fuel power plants and natural gas upgrading. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a new class of green solvents with good CO2 affinity, simple synthesis steps, inexpensive raw materials, non-toxic and non-volatile properties. For these reasons, they are a promising platform for CO2 capture applications and have tremendous untapped potential to enhance the performance of the adsorption and membrane-based separation processes. Unlike existing reviews which have focused on the functionalities of DESs, as well as the physicochemical and CO2 solubility properties of DESs, this mini-review discusses the integration of DESs with adsorption and membrane processes to evaluate their CO2 separation performance. Moreover, simulation and computational studies on DES-based systems, including confinement in porous solids and membranes, are discussed. Finally, perspectives on developing DES-based adsorbents and DES-based membranes for the CO2 separation field are presented. This review provides insight into the potential of integrating DESs with CO2 capture technologies to enhance the performance of hybrid systems in relation to standalone approaches.

The Reaction between K2CO3 and Ethylene Glycol in Deep Eutectic Solvents.

Understanding intermolecular interactions is important for the design of deep eutectic solvents. Herein, potassium carbonate (K2CO3) and ethylene glycol (EG) are used to form deep eutectic solvents. The interactions between K2CO3 and EG are studied using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. Interestingly, the interaction results indicate that the carbonate anion CO32- can react with EG to form EG-based organic carbonate, which can occur even at room temperature. The possible reaction steps between K2CO3 and EG are presented. As K2CO3 can be prepared from CO2 and KOH, the findings of this work may provide a promising strategy for CO2 capture and conversion.

Non-stoichiometric protic ionic liquids for efficient carbon dioxide capture and subsequent conversion under mild conditions

Protic ionic liquids (PILs) have emerged as innovative solvents with significant potential for CO2 capture and transformation, presenting a sustainable alternative to conventional methods which often involve energy-intensive processes or environmentally detrimental chemicals. Herein, a novel strategy for CO2 capture and conversion at mild conditions using non-stoichiometric protic ionic liquids (NPILs) was demonstrated for the first time. These NPILs, employed as sorbents, solvents, and catalysts, were composed of imidazole (Im) and 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene (DBU) in various ratios. Correlations between the mole ratio of DBU/Im and physicochemical properties such as viscosity, conductivity, thermal stability, and the distribution of neutral and ionic species were systematically investigated. Effects of the absorption temperature and CO2 partial pressure on the absorption capacity were also studied. Different absorption mechanisms, including carbonate and carbamate pathways, were analyzed using FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. Moreover, the fixed CO2 could be catalytically converted to quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones under exceptionally mild reaction conditions (1 atm, 50 °C, metal-free process). A plausible reaction mechanism involving simultaneous CO2 activation and substrate activation for the transformation of CO2 into quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones was verified through NMR spectra. It is believed that the new insights into the CO2 mechanism will facilitate the rational design of functional ionic liquids for CO2 capture, utilization, and storage in the future.

Dramatic Improvement of Homogeneous Carbon Dioxide and Bicarbonate Electroreduction Using a Tetracationic Water-Soluble Cobalt Phthalocyanine.

Electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) offers the opportunity to transform a greenhouse gas into valuable starting materials, chemicals, or fuels. Since many CO2 capture strategies employ aqueous alkaline solutions, there is interest in catalyst systems that can act directly on such capture solutions. Herein, we demonstrate new catalyst designs where the electroactive molecules readily mediate the CO2-to-CO conversion in aqueous solutions between pH 4.5 and 10.5. Likewise, the production of CO directly from 2 M KHCO3 solutions (pH 8.2) is possible. The improved molecular architectures are based on cobalt(II) phthalocyanine and contain four cationic trimethylammonium groups that confer water solubility and contribute to the stabilization of activated intermediates via a concentrated positive charge density around the active core. Turnover frequencies larger than 103 s-1 are possible at catalyst concentrations of down to 250 nM in CO2-saturated solutions. The observed rates are substantially larger than the related cobalt phthalocyanine-containing catalysts. Density functional theory calculations support the idea that the excellent catalytic properties are attributed to the ability of the cationic groups to stabilize CO2-bound reduced intermediates in the catalytic cycle. The homogeneous, aqueous CO2 reduction that these molecules perform opens new frontiers for further development of the CoPc platform and sets a greatly improved baseline for CoPc-mediated CO2 upconversion. Ultimately, this discovery uncovers a strategy for the generation of platforms for practical CO2 reduction catalysts in alkaline solutions.

Coke oven gases processing by vacuum swing adsorption: Carbon capture and methane recovery

Coke oven gas (COG), a by-product gas from the steel industry with great potential for chemical utilization, contains multiple high-value gases including H2, CO2, and CH4. Our previous work has successfully achieved hydrogen production from COG with a purity greater than 99.99 %. For further separation of COG-to-hydrogen tail gas, a two-phase vacuum swing adsorption (VSA) strategy for CO2 capture and CH4 upgrading was carried out in this study. The accuracy of the 4-bed 8-step and 4-bed 7-step cycles established in the in-house mathematical model was verified through a series of multi-component breakthrough and VSA experiments for the two-stage CO2 capture and CH4 upgrading processes employing zeolite NaY and activated carbon RB3, respectively. To achieve more excellent separation performance, several novel VSA cycles were designed and developed in terms of each stage, and the Pareto fronts of purity and recovery of CO2 or CH4 for each cycle were obtained through a multi-objective optimization framework. Based on this, the separation performance and energy consumption of the optimal cycle for each stage were parametrically analyzed under various feed gas concentrations, vacuum pressures, and feed velocities. Moreover, the CO2 product with a purity of 95.58 % and a recovery of 90.11 % can be obtained ultimately by using a 4-bed 8-step cycle for the first stage and a 4-bed 7-step cycle for the second stage of the CO2 capture process under 0.1 bar vacuum pressure. The CH4 upgrading process using a 4-bed 7-step cycle at 0.1 bar vacuum pressure produced a product with 92.07 % purity and 98.81 % recovery. The specific energy consumption was 32.17 kJ/mol and 1.80 kJ/mol for CO2 capture and CH4 upgrading, respectively. Recovery of high-purity CO2 and CH4 at such medium vacuum pressure and low energy consumption through a two-phase VSA strategy from COG has great application potential.

Atom-level interaction design between amines and support for achieving efficient and stable CO2 capture

Amine-functionalized adsorbents offer substantial potential for CO2 capture owing to their selectivity and diverse application scenarios. However, their effectiveness is hindered by low efficiency and unstable cyclic performance. Here we introduce an amine-support system designed to achieve efficient and stable CO2 capture. Through atom-level design, each polyethyleneimine (PEI) molecule is precisely impregnated into the cage-like pore of MIL–101(Cr), forming stable composites via strong coordination with unsaturated Cr acid sites within the crystal lattice. The resulting adsorbent demonstrates a low regeneration energy (39.6 kJ/molCO2), excellent cyclic stability (0.18% decay per cycle under dry CO2 regeneration), high CO2 adsorption capacity (4.0 mmol/g), and rapid adsorption kinetics (15 min for saturation at 30 °C). These properties stem from the unique electron-level interaction between the amine and the support, effectively preventing carbamate products’ dehydration. This work presents a feasible and promising cost-effective and sustainable CO2 capture strategy.

Novel approach to CO2 capture: Improving the hybridization between membranes and calcium-looping

A 70 MWe Waste-to-Energy (WtE) plant is modelled to design and evaluate the performance of two CO2 capture strategies: a standalone Calcium-Looping (CaL) process (Case 1) and an innovative hybrid system combining CO2-selective polymeric membranes with CaL (Case 2). The latter involves a CO2 pre-enrichment process facilitated by a pressure gradient within the membrane module, which enhances the CaL performance. The heat released in the CaL process is recovered within a Combined Cycle configuration, taking advantage of the pressurized stream exiting the membrane modules. Comparative analysis reveals that the hybrid system (Case 2) significantly outperforms the standalone CaL process (Case 1) in efficiency and economic viability. With a baseline LCOE for a standard WtE plant without CO2 capture at 150 €/MWh, the LCOE for Cases 1 and 2 are 294 €/MWh and 243.21 €/MWh, respectively. The hybrid system achieves a thermoelectric efficiency of 25.25 %, reducing the energy penalty to 3.32 %points compared to Case 1, which results in 9.49 %points. Furthermore, the cost of avoided carbon emissions is significantly lower in Case 2 (83.82 €/ton CO2) than in Case 1 (155.12 €/ton CO2), underscoring the hybrid system’s superior potential for efficient CO2 capture in WtE applications.

Experimental investigation of integrated CO2 capture and conversion to syngas via calcium looping coupled with dry reforming of CH4

Calcium looping integrated with dry reforming of CH4 is a promising strategy for CO2 capture and in situ conversion to syngas. This intensified process is usually conducted with bifunctional materials that combine CO2 capture (CaO) and catalytic (Ni) active sites. Herein, the integrated calcium looping/dry reforming process was examined by investigating various bifunctional materials and operating conditions. The Ni loading of materials affected the interaction between active and inert phases, while adding a CaZrO3 promoter enhanced the CO2 capture and catalytic activities and the resistance toward sintering. Conducting experiments with a fluidized bed reactor (700 °C, 3% CH4 in feed) led to nearly complete CH4 conversion and ∼52% utilization of captured CO2 toward syngas production with steady H2/CO ratio close to unity. Temperature comprised a decisive parameter, with low values enabling high degrees of CO2 conversion up to ∼80%. The increase of CH4 concentration in the gas feedstock enhanced the rate of calcination and the conversion of CO2 over its desorption in the gas phase. Co-feeding O2 with CH4 was proposed to mitigate the energy demand, which reduced the reforming selectivity for the partial oxidation reaction and increased the H2/CO ratio of syngas.

Insights into amine-resin matching strategy for CO2 capture: Adsorption performance tests and Mechanistic investigation

The solid amine adsorbents are potential candidates as materials for post-combustion capture technologies. The type of organic amine and porous material are the key factors influencing the amine-based solid adsorbent performance. Furthermore, there has been relatively little research on the matching mechanism between organic amines and porous materials. This study aims to investigate the effect of the degree of matching between different organic amines and porous materials (X-5 resin) on the performance of CO2 capture. The results indicated that 30 wt% TETA was the highest matching degree with X-5 and had the maximum CO2 adsorption of 205.48 mg/g at 30 ℃. The matching degree between the four amines and the X-5 resin followed TETA > TEPA > PEHA > PEI. Since TETA has the simplest molecular structure, it can be conveniently dispersed in the X-5 pores, which not only significantly improves the utilization of active sites but also prevents the phenomena of agglomeration or sintering. Meanwhile, X-5-30TETA has the highest adsorption energy Eads (−85.22 kJ/mol) and the smallest spatial potential resistance, decreasing the mass transfer resistance effectively, thus further increasing the adsorption capacity. Furthermore, the adsorption kinetics results showed that the Avrami model can relatively accurately predict the experimental results of X-5-TPHI CO2 adsorption. Finally, the in situ DRIFTS indicated that the CO2 adsorption reaction over X-5-30TETA followed predominantly an amphipathic centipede mechanism. This work provides a new idea for the investigation of the matching mechanism between organic amines and porous materials.

A strategy for CO2 capture and utilization towards methanol production at industrial scale: An integrated highly efficient process based on multi-criteria assessment

CO2 capture and utilization are an effective solution to the problem of CO2 emissions, and a combination of ammonia-based CO2 capture and its use for methanol production is a highly feasible strategy. However, the uses of conventional technologies have resulted in a high demand for energy, with limited use of hydrogen. To address these problems, an innovative strategy is proposed and demonstrated in this study that enhances the conventional design, i.e., to use ammonia-based CO2 capture with double tower absorption and solvent split, along with wet hydrogen for methanol production at industrial scale. The process is further improved through a multi-criteria assessment that considered the CO2 capture rate, NH3 loss rate, CO2 conversion rate, and energy saving factors, in which the latter is based on two components, namely the reboiler duty and the condenser duty. Moreover, an exergy analysis method is used to optimize the improved process, and a highly efficient integrated process is finally established. It has been found that the use of a double-tower absorption process ensures high rates of CO2 capture and low rates of NH3 loss. Additionally, adjusting the molar ratio of H2 to CO2 leads to an impressive 8% increase in the CO2 conversion rate, reaching 25%. In terms of energy savings, the average reboiler duty was reduced from 13.39 to 11.85 MJ/kgCO2, i.e., by 11.50%; while the condenser duty was reduced by 11.36%; both contributed to the overall energy savings. In the I-ACCMP process, the total exergy loss is 437.24 kW, of which the exergy loss of the heat exchangers accounts for 16%, and the desorption tower (DES) accounts for 48%. After optimization, the exergy loss of the heat exchangers decreases from 70.02 kW to 40.45 kW, the exergy loss of the DES decreases from 209.29 kW to 180.91 kW, and the reboiler duty is reduced from 10.60 MJ/kgCO2 to 7.71 MJ/kgCO2. The total exergy loss decreases from 437.24 kW to 372.68 kW, which is a reduction by 14.8%.

Process design and utilisation strategy for CO2 capture in flue gases. Technical assessment and preliminary economic approach for steel mills

The steel industry is the most relevant sector in emerging economies due to its application in numerous fields. However, steel manufacturing involves large energy investment and produces significant greenhouse gas emissions. The current world economic and environmental scenario therefore necessitates that improvements in the footprint of the steel industry be made without affecting its viability. Considering the present challenge, we report two possible processes for Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU). The first process is the competitive capture of CO2–SO2, followed by CO2 valorisation to methane. However, the CO2 capture capacity and lifetime for the adsorbent after multiple cycles could be improved through preliminary desulphurization of the gas current. The improved system demonstrates net profitability in a typical stainless steel plant. Therefore, it can be implemented in an industrial setting without profitability loss to steelmaking operations, fulfilling bot the goal of reducing CO2 emissions while protecting the mainstay of the plant.

The formation of high CO2 loading solid phase from 1,4-butanediamine/ethylene glycol biphasic solvent: Phase-changing behavior and mechanism

Liquid-solid phase change absorption has been considered a promising strategy for CO2 capture. To achieve efficient and economic CO2 capture in industrial-scale applications, it is essential to understand the phase-change behaviors and mechanisms of the biphasic system. In this study, a blend of 1, 4-Butanediamine (BDA) and ethylene glycol (EG) was developed as a biphasic solvent that can form a high CO2 loading solid phase product (BESP) after absorption. The total solvent loading reached 0.9039 mol·mol−1, with 90.74% of the loading enriched in the solid phase, which only accounts for 51.01% of the total solvent mass. Based on the 13C NMR analysis and quantum chemical calculations, the reaction and phase change mechanism of CO2 capture was proposed. The BDA/EG system absorbs CO2 to generate carbamate species, protonated amines and alkyl-carbonates, which combine each other through hydrogen bonding or electrostatic attraction. The self-aggregation of zwitterions and the high polarity of the absorption products are considered to be the main reasons for the phase change. Alkyl-carbonate species are believed to co-precipitate through organic gelation via van der Waals force with the carbamate or protonated amine. Moreover, the viscosity, turbidity, solid-phase mass, and particle size distribution changes also demonstrate the growth and aggregation of particles during absorption. BESP, identified as a coupling product of carbamate and alkyl-carbonate ([2BDAH+COO-]·[EG‐OCO2-]), decomposes at a peak temperature of 127.4 °C. The calorimetric method determined regeneration heat to be approximately 3.17 GJ·ton-1 CO2, indicating its potential for alternative uses rather than direct heat regeneration. Such a biphasic solvent may provide unique solutions for industries to reduce CO2 emissions.

Integrated CO2 capture and reduction catalysis: Role of γ-Al2O3 support, unique state of potassium and synergy with copper

Carbon dioxide capture and reduction (CCR) process emerges as an efficient catalytic strategy for CO2 capture and conversion to valuable chemicals. K-promoted Cu/Al2O3 catalysts exhibited promising CO2 capture efficiency and highly selective conversion to syngas (CO + H2). The dynamic nature of the Cu-K system at reaction conditions complicates the identification of the catalytically active phase and surface sites. The present work aims at more precise understanding of the roles of the potassium and copper and the contribution of the metal oxide support. While γ-Al2O3 guarantees high dispersion and destabilisation of the potassium phase, potassium and copper act synergistically to remove CO2 from diluted streams and promote fast regeneration of the active phase for CO2 capture releasing CO while passing H2. A temperature of 350℃ is found necessary to activate H2 dissociation and generate the active sites for CO2 capture. The effects of synthesis parameters on the CCR activity are also described by combination of ex-situ characterisation of the materials and catalytic testing.

Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia coupled with organic oxidation

Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction using renewable energy is a potential approach to environmental remediation and ammonia production, yet it is hindered by sluggish kinetics and poor efficiency. Herein, a well-defined carbon nanosheet array-supported cobalt phosphide (CoP; [email protected]) electrocatalyst is synthesized, achieving remarkable performance for nitrate reduction to ammonia with a Faraday efficiency of 95.1% at −0.30 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and a yield rate of 43.9 mg h−1 cm−2 at −1.0 V vs. RHE. Moreover, an electrocatalytic nitrate reduction coupled with glycerol oxidation system is constructed, which delivers dramatically enhanced ammonia production (15.2 mg h−1 cm−2) and gains high value-added formate (111.4 mg h−1 cm−2) at 1.8 V cell voltage. Preliminary technoeconomic analysis confirms the economic feasibility of the coupled system. We also design a new CO2 capture strategy by using as-prepared ammonia as absorbent, which is promising for sustainable ammonia synthesis and its application.

Thermofluidic characteristics for a novel complementary adsorption-absorption post-combustion partial CO2 capture system

A novel complementary adsorption-absorption post-combustion partial CO2 capture strategy was proposed to decrease the energy penalty by integrating the rotary adsorption wheel with traditional chemical absorption process. The finite volume method is used for modeling the adsorption process, and the absorption process is simulated based on the rate-based model and the double-film theory. The techno-economic analyses of the novel complementary system were performed. In the adsorption part, the CO2 concentration of the flue gas can be effectively improved from 5.0%, 10.0% and 15.0% as much as to 17.3%, 27.0% and 33.7%, respectively. By adjusting the flue gas ducts of the adsorption wheel, the flue gas can be concentrated to a CO2 concentration making the absorption process work economically. The performance of the rotary adsorption wheel influenced by different geometrical and operational parameters were investigated. The energy penalty of the chemical absorption part can be significantly decreased. The major equipment cost was dramatically decreased by 48.6%, and the levelized cost of CO2 capture was decreased by 32.3%, when the CO2 concentration in the flue gas was increased from 5% to 20%. In addition, the acceptable investment of the rotary adsorption wheel has been estimated. The smallest acceptable capital cost of rotary adsorption wheel for coal-fired boiler corresponding to one payback year is 3.72 M$.

Techno-economic comparison of optimized natural gas combined cycle power plants with CO2 capture

Natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) power plants account for a large share of the global energy market. Although many alternative layouts of NGCC plants have already been addressed in the scientific literature, there are still relevant gaps of knowledge in comparative techno-economic performances of the previously proposed alternatives. This article presents a comprehensive comparative study of 19 alternative NGCC power plants with pre-combustion, post-combustion or oxy-fuel combustion CO2 capture processes involving different choices of CO2 absorbents and organic Rankine cycles for energy savings. The purpose of this study is to shed light on comparative techno-economic performances of power plants with different CO2 capture strategies and various organic Rankine cycle configurations. First, performance of each alternative was optimized from a technical (equivalent work) standpoint. Then, the economic performance of each optimized alternative was evaluated. Based on the results within the sample of NGCC plants, using activated methyldiethanolamine could lead to better technical and economic performances than monoethanolamine in pre- and post-combustion capture systems. Moreover, the efficacy of organic Rankine cycles for enhancing the technical and economic performance of NGCC plants with CO2 capture was shown, with a reduction of up to 1.39 years in the payback period for various process configurations.

Technical and economic prospects of CCUS projects in Russia

Carbon dioxide is one of the main contributors to global climate change. The Russian Federation plays an essential role as one of the primary fossil fuel producers and CO2 emitters globally. Therefore, introducing novel carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies will inevitably contribute to further Russia's economic and industrial development. Moreover, CCUS should be intensified due to the cross-border tax under Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) introduced by European Union. This paper presents a brief review of the CO2 capture strategies and their comparison. A short overview of different CCUS technologies with a partial focus on the studies by the Russian researchers is presented. CO2 transportation, utilization, and storage aspects are highlighted, considering Russia's potential. The model scheme of the CCUS plant based on existing technologies is given, and the economic estimations and consequences relative to Russian policy under the CBAM tax are discussed. The markable financial losses are shown; thus, the commercial success of CCUS can only bring a radical reduction in cost, which is only expected by 2040.