Co-precipitation Technique Research Articles

Distinct pathway of multiferroic silver-decorated zinc ferrite nanocatalyst performance for Acinate insecticide oxidation

The current study investigating the preparation and application of a Multiferroic nano-scale silver zinc ferrite substance (Ag0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanocatalyst) has been established. Multiferroic silver zinc ferrite substance is prepared by co-precipitation technique as hybridized composite. This synethsized nanoparticles was characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) as well as Scanning Electron Miscospopy (SEM). Such nanoparticles are used as a sustainable recyclable photo-Fenton’s reagent precursor for treating insecticide in wastewater. The results revealed a high Acinate oxidation rate reached to 97% removal within 40 min of irradiance time. To increase the performance, the operating variables are optimized. pH 3.0 and 40 and 400 mg/L for Ag0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 and hydrogen peroxide, respectively are identified as the optimum values. Also, kinetics and thermodynamic are evaluated and the reaction is subsequent the first-order kinetics model and exothermic and non-spontaneous in nature with a low energy barrier of 35.02 kJ/mol. The advantage of Ag0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 catalyst is its sustainability since it recovered for multiple reuse with a high activity reached to 80% removal rate after six cyclic use compared to 97% of fresh catalyst use.

PH-sensitive polymeric hydrogels coated with cobalt ferrite nanoparticles for combined drug delivery as controlled release carriers: fabrication and in-vitro estimation

In this investigation, we produced pH-responsive hydrogels for the controlled release of drugs by graft copolymerizing Gum ghatti and acrylic acid (AA) in an aqueous medium. N, N′-methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA) and ammonium persulphate (APS) served as cross-linkers during the synthesis process. Our research explores the integration of cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) magnetic nanoparticles (CFMNPs) in delivering a combination drug comprising metformin hydrochloride and sodium diclofenac. The diverse applications of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles have driven the exploration of innovative and environmentally sustainable production methods. The development of novel materials for nanoparticle synthesis adheres to the principles of “Green Chemistry” through a co-precipitation technique. Characterization of the cross-linked hydrogels involved Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. In vitro drug release kinetics were observed under physiological conditions using Ultraviolet–Visible Spectroscopy. The drug-loaded Gg-cl-poly(AA)/CoFe2O4 hydrogels exhibited a sustained drug release profile over 24 h, with significant release occurring at a pH of 4. To comprehend the drug release mechanism, we employed kinetic modeling, encompassing Zero order, First order, Higuchi model, Hixson-Crowell model, and Korsmeyer-Peppas model, for all developed hydrogels. The findings indicated that the drug release mechanism from the hydrogels followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. The study concludes that the developed hydrogel offers a promising solution for the controlled administration of metformin hydrochloride and diclofenac sodium.Graphical

Cu-S-Mo Interfacial Sites in CuO2@MoS2/PLLA Scaffolds for Robust Synergistic Antibacterial Efficacy via CDT and PTT

Bacterial infections considerably limit the success of scaffold transplantation. CuO2 may generate hydroxyl radicals through a self-cascade catalytic process, which is effective for sterilization. However, reducing CuO2-derived Cu+ ions to Cu° can lead to a decline in catalytic activity. To overcome these limitations, we anchored CuO2 onto MoS2 to establish stable Cu-S-Mo interfacial sites. The CuO2/MoS2 nanozyme was fabricated using a low-temperature co-precipitation technique and introduced into poly-L-lactic acid scaffolds using selective laser sintering. The Cu-S-Mo interfacial sites showed a triad of functions that synergistically enhanced catalytic performance. These sites stabilized the Cu atoms, augmented catalytic activity by facilitating efficient electron transfer through the Mo4+/Mo6+ redox couple, and improved the conduction of heat derived from the photothermal response of MoS2 to the Cu catalyst. The synergistic action of chemodynamic and photothermal therapy, mediated by the Cu-S-Mo sites, resulted in remarkable antibacterial efficacy, with 92.3% and 93.5% inhibition rates against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, respectively. Experimental evidence and simulations demonstrated that Cu-S-Mo structure stabilized the Cu atoms and improved electron transfer via interatomic charge transfer. These results highlight the potential of the CuO2@MoS2/PLLA scaffold in eliminating bacterial infections.

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles doped Leucas aspera leaf extract and its photocatalytic applications

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have been produced from the leaf extract of Leucas aspera by utilising a straight forward co-precipitation technique in a green synthesis strategy. The produced nanoparticles are examined by photocatalytic analysis, FTIR, XRD, UV–visible, and SEM. ZnO-related distinctive peaks were visible in the FTIR spectra. The XRD investigation verifies that the produced nanoparticles have a hexagonal crystal structure. Doped ZnO utilising leaf extract has surface morphology that is practically spherical in shape and has minimal aggregation, according to SEM analysis. ZnO-LA composite's photocatalytic dye degradation effectiveness against visible light irradiations is approximately 83%.

Multifunctional Applications of Gd‐Doped ZnO Nanoparticles Prepared Easily by the Coprecipitation Method

AbstractThe present work involves the preparation of pure ZnO and gadolinium‐doped ZnO nanoparticles with the general formula GdxZn1−xO (X = 0–0.05) by wet chemical coprecipitation technique. XRD outcomes confirmed that these nanoparticles exhibited a hexagonal wurtzite structure of zinc oxide lacking any secondary phase. The calculated average crystallite size declined from 33 to 28 nm. Through SEM analysis, the shape and morphology of the sample were determined, which showed nanoflakes‐like structures, and EDS analysis confirmed the elemental composition of Gd‐doped ZnO nanoparticles. UV–vis DRS spectral studies indicate good optical capabilities with a decline in the bandgap from 3.4 to 2.6 eV with an incline in doping concentration. Photoluminescence studies exhibited a green emission peak at 378 nm. Additionally, photodegradation of these nanoparticles was assessed through degradation of MB dye, which showed 94% of dye degradation. Synthesized nanoparticles show good electrochemical performance in CV studies. Pure ZnO and Gd‐ZnO were examined against Gram‐positive Enterococcus faecalis and Gram‐negative Escherichia coli bacteria, and it was initiated that the zone of inhibition of antibacterial activity improved with gadolinium doping compared to the pure ZnO nanoparticles.

The effects of Fe3O4NPs@SiO2 and Fe3O4NPs@pectin nanoparticles on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and the expression of BAX, TPX1 and BCL2 genes

Breast cancer is a cause of death in women, making it a significant issue in women's health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of nanoparticles (NPs) of Fe3O4NPs@pectin and Fe3O4NPs@SiO2 on MCF-7 cells. Fe3O4NPs@pectin and Fe3O4NPs@SiO2 NPs were prepared using the chemical coprecipitation technique. The characteristics of the NPs were determined using physical methods. The cytotoxic effects of the NPs were assessed by the MTT assay. The expression levels of BAX, BCL2, and TPX1 genes were determined using real-time PCR. The results indicated a density ratio of 0.11, a saturation magnetism value of 68.5 emu/g, and a spherical with sizes of 98 nm for the NPs. The MTT assay showed that 500 μg/mL of NPs had 75 % toxicity on MCF-7 cells after five days. The increased expression of BAX with 250 μg/mL of Fe3O4@pectin showed a significant relationship (p-value = 0.0030). Down-regulated expression of BCL2 showed a significant relationship between the three groups treated with 250 μg/mL and 500 μg/mL of Fe3O4@SiO2 and 250 μg/mL of Fe3O4@pectin (p-values of 0.0014, 0.0009 and 0.0030, respectively). Additionally, decreased TPX indicated a significant relationship between treatment at 125, 250 and 500 μg/mL of Fe3O4@SiO2 (p-values of 0.0388, 0.0063 and 0.0496, respectively).

Outstanding performance of Co-doped ZnS nanoparticles used as nanocatalyst for synthetic dye degradation

In this work, fabrication of pure and cobalt (Co) doped zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanoparticles were carried out via facile co-precipitation technique using thioglycolic acid as a surfactant. The synthesized nano powders were employed to characterize using various techniques like X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and UV–Vis spectroscopy, to elucidate the alterations in the structure and morphology of nanomaterials. The XRD analysis revealed wurtzite phase of fabricated nanoparticles. Inclusion of Co dopants failed to modify the lattice structure of host material. Analysis of UV–Vis spectroscopy indicates intensive absorption in the visible region upon doping. FTIR spectroscopy was employed to identify functional groups affiliated with molecular vibrations. The photoactivity and kinetics of photo-products were evaluated by monitoring degradation of methylene blue (MB) by solar irradiation. Photodecomposition of MB was significantly increased when Co doped ZnS was employed relative to pristine ZnS. This novel technique of doped ZnS nanoparticles provide an effectual and sustainable route for treatment of wastewater.

Synthesis and characterization of Er2O3-doped Y2O3 nanoparticle incorporated optical fiber for use as optical amplifier

Erbium oxide (Er2O3)-doped optical fibers (EDF) are well-known for their applications in optical amplification at 1550 nm. In this study, we present the synthesis of Er2O3-doped yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) using a homogeneous coprecipitation technique and their integration into optical fibers for enhanced optical amplification. A series of NP samples with varying Y/Er molar ratios were synthesized to identify the optimal composition for incorporation into optical fibers. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the nanoparticles crystallize in a cubic geometry (space group Ia3) with crystallite sizes ranging from 20 to 41 nm. These sizes increased approximately to 90 nm as the calcination temperature was raised from 1000°C to 1400°C. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) corroborated the XRD results, while high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) confirmed the crystalline structure and an average particle size of approximately 100 nm. Photoluminescence studies showed that emission and excitation intensities were functions of the Y/Er molar concentration ratio and calcination temperature, with the lifetime extending up to 6.86 ms for a sample with a 0.25:0.01 Y2O3:Er2O3 ratio calcined at 1400°C. To assess the performance of the synthesized NPs, an optical preform was prepared using the Vapor Phase Delivery (VPD) method combined with the Solution Doping (SD) technique. The preform was then drawn into fiber, and its amplification performance was evaluated. The resulting fiber demonstrated efficient amplification with a gain of 14.9 dB with respect to 0 dBm input signal at 1550 nm under 150 mW pump power from 9 m active fiber, indicating its potential as a gain medium for constructing erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs).

Novel synthesis of CuHCF/B-rGO composites for oxygen evolution reaction activity

In this work, we have focused on the preparation of copper hexacyanoferrate/boron doped rGO composites (abbreviated as CuHCF/B-rGO) by employing simple co-precipitation technique subsequently processed with ultrasonication method. The XRD spectra confirmed the existence of the cubic structure of copper hexacyanoferrate with high crystalline peaks. The prepared nanocomposite morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and confirmed CuHCF nanoparticles formation with flake-like and wrinkled sheets. Pure CuHCF nanostructures revealed good OER action at 430 mV to obtain 10 mA/cm2. The obtained CuHCF product OER activity can be further upgraded by incorporating the electrically conductive boron doped reduced graphene oxide matrix into CuHCF nanostructures, for the reason that the overpotential of the CuHCF/B-rGO was reduced to 380 mV to attain 10 mA/cm2 with 88 mV/dec Tafel slope value. The doping of heteroatom considerably improves charge-transfer resistance of metal hexacyanoferrate, giving a small resistance value of 2.97 Ω, which was lower than that of CuHCF (5.57 Ω) and CuHCF/rGO (4.31 Ω). Furthermore, the catalytic activity of the CuHCF/B-rGO was stable at prolonged hours with a small decay of 12.5%. Therefore, this work offers new approach to stimulate the catalytic performance of metal hexcyanoferrate by highly conductive carbon-based materials for water splitting performance.

Low temperatures improved transport properties of [formula omitted] nanoparticles using co-precipitation technique

Pure ZnO and Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles with the formula Zn(1−X)Mn(X)O (x = 0 %, 3 %, 6 %, and 9 %) were synthesized through a co-precipitation method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to analyze the phase and morphology of the nanoparticles. The x-ray diffraction results confirmed all the prepared samples have a wurtzite crystal structure. The morphological valuations of the produced nanoparticles show that the particles are spherical within a nanometer range. Impedance spectroscopy was used to characterize the impedance in the frequency range of 20 Hz to 2 MHz at temperatures from 140 K to 280 K. Results showed that Mn-doping enhances ac conductivity and decreases the bandgap energy of ZnO. This Mn variation in ZnO at low temperatures and high frequencies has potential applications in optoelectronic devices.

Structural evolution and magnetic, optical, and optoelectronic properties changes in annealed Co0.5Sr0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles: A comprehensive study

A sample of Co0.5Sr0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles was synthesized by the coprecipitation technique to explore the effect of annealing on the structure and some physical properties of the produced material. The coprecipitated sample consists of an orthorhombic strontium carbonate phase and the required cubic Co0.5Sr0.5Fe2O4. Annealing at elevated temperatures (900 °C) leads to the formation of cubic and hexagonal phases. This crystal structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The accuracy of the cation distribution of the cubic phase determined from the Rietveld analysis of XRD patterns is demonstrated by matching the experimental and theoretical lattice constants. There are several noticeable changes in aspects as the annealing temperature goes up. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images indicated that heating substantially affects the growth and densification of the smaller nanoparticles. There is a drop in the longitudinal and transverse wave velocities, bulk, rigidity, Young's moduli, Poisson ratio (σ), and Debye temperature (θD) with annealing and grain growth. The saturation magnetization and coercive field are enhanced with annealing. The particle size distribution calculated from TEM is confirmed and supported by the switching field distribution. The indirect optical bandgap energy (Eg) decreased with annealing. The present study concentrated on the thermal treatment impacts on various optical parameters, such as the refractive index and extinction coefficient. The optoelectrical parameters, such as the dielectric constant, dielectric loss, and optical and electrical conductivity, were extensively investigated, giving valuable insights, and their results were interpreted. These findings suggest potential applications in magnetic storage, sensors, and optoelectronics fields.

A Novel BiOBr/CAU-17 Composite with Enhanced Photo-Catalytic Performance for Dye Degradation and Removal of Tetracycline Antibiotic Under Visible Light.

In order to improve the low specific surface area and high recombinant light generation carriers of BiOBr, loading BiOBr onto suitable Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) is an effective strategy to unleash its efficient visible light response and intrinsic catalytic activity. In this study, using classic MOF CAU-17 as a precursor, using a straightforward co-precipitation technique, four BiOBr/CAU-17 composites with distinct MOF contents values BCAU-1, BCAU-2, BC, AU-3, and BCAU-4 were created, and their photo-catalytic characteristics were examined. The BCAU-2 composite exhibited much higher photo-catalytic degradation efficiency for Rhodamine B (RhB) and Tetracycline (TC) than the pristine materials, counter compositions, and early reported materials. XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, and EDX results revealed the strong synergistic photo-catalytic effect of BiOBr and CAU-17. The photocatalytic degradation of TC was significantly enhanced by the BiOBr bimetal modification, with the 2 wt.% BiOBr/CAU-17 nanocomposite achieving an 87.2 % degradation of TC and 82 % Total Organic Carbon (TOC) removal within 60 min. The high photo-degradation efficiency of BCAU-2 composite should be attributed to the efficient transfer of photo-generated carriers at interfaces and the synergistic effect between BiOBr/CAU-17. Furthermore, the experiments on the capture of the active species proved that the main active free radicals involved in the degradation of RhB and TC are attributed to the photo-induced holes h+ and ⋅ O2 - under visible light. The catalyst's efficacy is corroborated by the outcomes of photoluminescence spectroscopy and photo current response. This study offers a new understanding for the design of green synthesis schemes for photo-catalytic dye degradation and removal of certain antibiotics from the aquatic environment.

Hyaluronic acid-coated iron oxide nanoparticles for magnetic fluid hyperthermia and methylene blue dye removal: Preparation, physicochemical characterization, and enhancing the heating efficiency

We report here the magnetic fluid hyperthermia properties of water-dispersible hyaluronic acid-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (HA-MNPs), prepared using the coprecipitation technique followed by ligand exchange. The presence of the hyaluronic acid coating is confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Magneto-calorimetric studies show good field-induced heating efficiency of the HA-MNPs, where a high specific absorption rate (SAR) of ∼ 315 W/gFe is obtained for ∼ 5 wt% MNP concentration when exposed to an alternating magnetic field amplitude of ∼ 33.1 kA/m at ∼ 126 kHz. The heating efficiency is found to decrease by ∼ 33.8 % after immobilization of the MNPs within an agar matrix, which is attributed to the abrogation of Brownian relaxation. When subjected to an external DC magnetic field, the MNPs form linear chain-like structures, which causes the effective anisotropy energy density to increase. Magneto-calorimetric studies on agar-based oriented samples reveal a ∼ 19.5 % enhancement in SAR, thereby partly compensating for the loss in heating efficiency due to an increase in medium viscosity. The orientational ordering-induced enhancement in SAR is also verified using sweeping rate modified Stoner-Wohlfarth model-based calculations. In vitro cyto-toxicity studies on the HeLa cell lines reveal good cyto-compatibility of the MNPs. The negative charge on the surface of HA-coated MNPs is exploited to remove the cationic methylene blue dye from the aqueous medium, where the dye molecules are found to be physisorbed on the surface of the MNPs. The experimental findings clearly show the high induction heating efficiency, cyto-compatibility, and cationic dye-adsorption efficiency of the prepared HA-MNPs, thereby indicating the suitability of these MNPs for multi-functional applications like magnetic fluid hyperthermia and waste-water purification.

Expediting the bioactivity of zinc sulfide nanoparticles with copper oxide as a nanocomposite

The regulatory role of zinc in bone formation extends to the activation of proteins associated with bone homeostasis. Furthermore, copper is well known for its antibacterial properties. This dual function underscores the significance of zinc and copper in maintaining a balance of bone structure and function. In light of the aforementioned, zinc sulphide/copper oxide nanocomposites were created in this instance using a straightforward coprecipitation technique. Copper oxide was used as a nanocomposite to improve the structural, morphological, and biological performance of zinc sulphide nanoparticles. The X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed a transformation in the crystal structure from cubic to rhombohedral, along with increase in intensity. Fourier transforms infrared analysis indicated the presence of functional groups. Scanning electron microscopy images demonstrated a morphological shift from non-uniform to distinct spherical nanoparticles, impacting the enhancement of material properties. The pathogenic activity of the zinc sulphide/copper oxide nanocomposites was tested against nine bacterial strains. In antimicrobial testing, zinc sulphide/copper oxide nanocomposites showed promising results, particularly against Klebsiella pneumoniae (zone of inhibition: 14 mm at 100 µg/mL compared to 7 mm by standard) and Escherichia coli (zone of inhibition: 11 mm at 100 µg/mL compared to 10 mm by standard) after 24 h with zone of inhibition matching or exceeding that of the standard (chloramphenicol). Zinc sulphide nanoparticles and zinc sulphide/copper oxide nanocomposites were evaluated for their antifungal activity against fungal stains from Trichophyton rubrum, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus flavus. After a 24-h period, it was discovered that zinc sulphide/copper oxide nanocomposites were effective against Aspergillus flavus (zone of inhibition: 19.4 mm at 100 µg/mL compared to 6.3 mm by standard) at all concentrations (25–100 mg/mL), with zones of inhibition identical to or greater than those of the standard (fluconazole). Certainly, based on these results, zinc sulphide/copper oxide nanocomposites could be promising materials for drug delivery.Clinical trial registration: Not applicable.

Zr-Doped High-Voltage Spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Manufactured via the Coprecipitation Method.

Lithium nickel manganese oxide (LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, LNMO) provides an elevated operating potential of 4.7 V and a theoretical capacity of 147 mAh g-1, without the need for expensive cobalt. Zr-doped LNMO was synthesized using the coprecipitation technique with Couette-Taylor flow. FE-SEM images and TEM SAED patterns revealed that Zr-doped LNMO formed truncated octahedral structures with exposed (100) crystal facets. When compared to undoped LNMO, Zr-doped LNMO exhibited superior electrochemical performance. Electrochemical evaluations showed that Zr0.1-LNMO achieved 85.9% rate capability at 10 C, significantly outperforming the 69.1% of bare LNMO. In addition, Zr0.1-LNMO exhibited high stability, maintaining 76.8% of the discharge capacity even after 100 cycles.

Novel S-scheme derived Mo–Bi2WO6/WO3/Biochar composite for photocatalytic removal of Methylene Blue dye

Presently, the distinct charge transport and interface interaction of the S-scheme heterojunction has garnered significant interest. Herein, a S-scheme-based charge transportation Mo-doped Bi2WO6/WO3/Biochar heterojunction was synthesized in situ using a coprecipitation technique to improve methylene blue adsorption and photocatalytic reactive oxygen species production. The doped Mo altered the band gap of Bi2WO6 to increase light absorption, which can facilitate electron-hole separation and transfer. Likewise, the S-scheme band structure improved sunlight utilization, enhanced the reduction and oxidation power of photogenerated electrons, and boosted charge carrier separation and transfer. Thus, due to the synergetic impact of doping and the S scheme band structure, the photocatalysts efficiently eliminated Methylene blue up to 87.5 % in 30 min of photoirradiation. Fabricated heterojunction Mo–Bi2WO6/WO3/Biochar photocatalyst have highest Kapp values 0.02816 min−1 while Mo–Bi2WO6/WO3, Mo–Bi2WO6, Bi2WO6, and WO3 photocatalysts have 0.02816, 0.02273, 0.01527, 0.00643, and 0.00735 min−1, respectively which was 4.38 times greater than pristine Bi2WO6. The study offers a novel perspective for the in-situ production of S-scheme heterojunction with doping to remove different types of contaminants.

Exploring the reclamation pathway science of Beachwood powder for pharmaceutical acetaminophen drug effluent management.

High effective low-cost substance derived from agriculture-based waste towards a circular economy concept showed a significant green approach for pharmaceuticals uptake in aqueous solution. Beachwood sawdust was used as the source of cellulose based adsorbents. Cellulose is isolated from the waste and in parallel magnetite nanoparticles are prepared by the simple co-precipitation technique and the two substances are mixed in various proportions to be acetaminophen adsorbent. Characteristics of the prepared magnetite (M)/sawdust (SD) composite in various proportions (M:SD (1:1), M:SD (1:2), M:SD (1:3), M:SD (1:5) and M:SD (2:1) were assessed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) which revealed the presence magnetite and cellulose. Also, for the object of recoverable adsorbent, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) of the adsorbent is investigated to evaluate its sustainability. The highest removal rate was associated with M:SD (1:2) compared to the other composites and the pristine magnetite or sawdust materials within 2 hours of isotherm time. The adsorption parameters are optimized and the maximal yield is attained at pH (7.0), adsorbent dose of 2.0 g/L at room temperature. The adsorption matrix is following Langmuir model and fitted to the second-order kinetic model. The process is exothermic in nature and highlighted physisorption tendency. The highest monolayer adsorption uptake was investigated at 7.0 mg/g which corresponds to the M:SD (1:2) adsorbent.

Exploring the Properties, Synthesis, and Applications of Magnesium Aluminate Nanoparticles

Magnesium aluminate (MgAl2O4) is a synthetic ceramic compound, characterized by a spinel structure and comprised of magnesium oxide (MgO) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3). Magnesium aluminate is esteemed for its distinctive combination of thermal, mechanical, and optical characteristics, making its role remarkable for various applications. Hence this review, focuses mainly on magnesium aluminate nanoparticles, a subject that is gaining prominent attention in the current research scenario. There are several methods available for the synthesis of MgAl2O4 nanoparticles (MANPs), including sol-gel and co-precipitation techniques, along with those that incorporate green methodologies. The high melting point, substantial hardness, and excellent thermal shock resistance of the host material suggest that MANPs could hold a significant place in the field of nanotechnology. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the introduction of different ions into MANPs through doping effectively altered their characteristics, thereby improving their functional capabilities. Thus, this review gives a comprehensive examination of the properties of magnesium aluminate, the synthesis methods utilized, impacts of doping, and various applications of magnesium aluminate nanoparticles.

Preparation of CeO2@AC and CeO2@NF nanocomposites for waste water treatment

This research focuses on the elimination of Rose bengal dye using nanoparticles consisting of cerium oxide (CeO2) loaded onto activated carbon (CeO2@AC) and carbon nanofibers (CeO2@NF). These nanoparticles were developed through co-precipitation techniques. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to verify the structural properties and crystalline dimensions of these nanocomposites. The average particle sizes for CeO2, CeO2@AC, and CeO2@NF nanocomposites are determined to be 7.5 nm, 10.5 nm, and 10.0 nm, respectively from XRD. The TEM images shows regularly shaped spherical particles falling within the size range of 7 to 15 nm. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were utilized to investigate their electronic characteristics and the presence of lattice defects, specifically oxygen vacancies, was quantified. The distinctive structure and lattice defects contribute to the photocatalytic degradation of RB dye, with CeO2, AC, and NF exhibiting photocatalytic efficiencies of 75 %, 88 %, and 89.8 %, respectively, when exposed to UV light. Additionally, the magnetic properties of the synthesized samples were examined using a vibrating sample magnetometer. Consequently, cerium oxide nanocomposites combined with activated carbon and nanofibers have demonstrated their utility as multifunctional materials, suitable for photocatalysis.

Layered double hydroxides/biochar composites for adsorptive removal of tetracycline and ciprofloxacin

Modification of biochar (BC) using layered double hydroxides (LDHs) is an anticipated strategy to strengthen the adsorption performance of BC. In this work, sawdust was used to prepare pristine BC to act as a matrix, and the MgFe-LDHs were selected as typical LDHs to prepare BC-LDHs composites via a coprecipitation technique, and the adsorption mechanisms toward tetracycline (TC) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) were evaluated. The effect of LDHs amount on the characteristics of BC-LDHs composites and the adsorption behavior and mechanisms of TC and CIP were also studied. Results showed that the loading of LDHs reduced the specific surface area and total pore volume of BC but developed more mesoporous structure in composites, created metal oxygen-containing functional groups (Mg–OH, Mg–O, Fe–O), and introduced a typical mineral (Mg6Fe2(OH)16CO3·4H2O) on the surface of the BC. The BC-1/3LDHs obtained by loading LDHs on 3 g BC exhibited the maximum adsorption capacity toward TC and CIP, and reached 77.04 mg∙g−1 and 66.74 mg∙g−1, respectively. The introduction of MgFe-LDHs greatly intensified the complexation interaction and hydrogen bonding of the composites. The Freundlich and pseudo-second-order models well-described the adsorption process of TC and CIP on BC-1/3LDHs. In addition, BC-1/3LDHs could adsorb TC and CIP in a wide range of pH values despite the interference of coexisting ions and also presented a good recycle utilization potential. Furthermore, the introduction of LDHs, especially BC-1/3LDHs, shifted the adsorption thermodynamic properties of BC. Overall, the prepared BC-1/3LDHs could be used as a promising adsorbent for the removal of TC and CIP from water environments.