The strategy of based on graphdiyne constructing S-scheme heterostructure building electron bridge by inducing Co-P bond through high-temperature phosphorylation. At the interface between CuCo2O4 and graphdiyne, the Co-P bond constructs the electron bridge, which inhibits photogenic carrier recombination and weak light absorption performance of the original CuCo2O4. The lamellar structure of graphdiyne was anchored on the surface of nanospheres, which not only increased the surface ratio, but also provided conditions for graphdiyne to be used as an active site for hydrogen evolution. The experimental and DFT results show that the increase of CoP nanoparticles is conducive to the formation of abundant Co-P bonds, and thus the formation of “electron Bridges”, which can accelerate the transfer of photoelectrons and improve the photocatalytic hydrogen production performance. In addition, P-GC25-11 showed excellent hydrogen production performance in the photocatalytic experiment. The photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity of P-GC25-11 was 219.11 mmol, 7.8 times that of CuCo2O4 and 52 times that of graphdiyne, respectively. This strategy opens up a new way for the baize of construction of S-scheme heterojunctions based on graphdiyne, and constructing the “electron bridge” to accelerate the transfer of photogenerated electrons, thus improving the activity of photocatalytic hydrogen production.