Co-opetition Behavior Research Articles

电子商务企业组织惰性对员工竞合行为的影响研究——角色压力与职业承诺的双重中介作用

电子商务企业组织惰性对员工竞合行为的影响研究——角色压力与职业承诺的双重中介作用

Impact of digital capability on firm resilience: the moderating role of coopetition behavior

PurposeIn the digital economy, digital capability has become an important dynamic capability of enterprises and plays an essential role in enhancing firm resilience. This study aims to investigate the relationships among digital capability, knowledge search, coopetition behavior and firm resilience based on knowledge-based view and resource-based view.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses the hierarchical regression and bootstrapping methods to test the theoretical framework and research hypotheses. The survey data were collected from 241 Chinese enterprises.FindingsDigital capability has significantly positive effects on knowledge search and firm resilience. Knowledge search positively affects firm resilience and partially mediates the relationship between digital capability and firm resilience. Coopetition behavior weakens the relationship between digital capability and knowledge search, and the mediating effect of knowledge search in the relationship between digital capability and firm resilience. The moderating effect of coopetition behavior on the relationship between digital capability and firm resilience is insignificant.Originality/valueThis study clarifies the effect of digital capability on firm resilience and uncovers the “black box” from digital capability to firm resilience. In addition, this research enriches the literature on digital capability and firm resilience and expands the application of knowledge-based view and resource-based view in the digital context.

Dynamic coopetition game between private label and national brand under carbon trading policy

The increasing environmental concerns have changed the coopetition behavior between private-label (PL) retailers and national-brand (NB) manufacturers, which needs firms to reconsider their competitive and cooperative strategies to cope with this change. To address this need, we incorporate carbon trading policy into dynamic coopetition game models between a PL retailer and an NB manufacturer. We examine their dynamic evolution trajectories of state variables, decision variables, and profit value functions by using numerical simulation. The sensitivity analysis shows that: (i) some key parameters affect the steady-state values of variables and profit value functions; (ii) the relative strengths of the NB manufacturer and the PL retailer affect decision variables and profit value functions. The results indicate that the carbon trading policy significantly affects dynamic coopetition between the PL retailer and the NB manufacturer.

Intermodal transportation hub location optimization with governments subsidies under the Belt and Road Initiative

Driven by globalization, the COVID-19 outbreak has severely impacted global transport and logistics systems. To better cope with this globalization crisis, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)—based on the concept of cooperation—is more important than ever in the post-pandemic era. Taking the BRI as the background, we design an intermodal hub-and-spoke network to provide reference for governments along BRI routes to improve their cross-border transportation system and promote economic recovery. In the context of the BRI, local governments at different nodes have incentives to subsidize hub construction and/or rail transportation to boost economic development. We consider co-opetition behavior among different levels of government caused by subsidies in this intermodal hub location problem, which we call the intermodal hub location problem based on government subsidies. We establish a two-stage mixed-integer programming model. In the first stage, local governments provide subsidies, then the central government decides the number and location of hubs. In the second stage, freight carriers choose the optimal route to transport the goods. To solve the model, we design an optimization method combining a population-based algorithm using contest theory. The results show that rail subsidies are positively correlated with construction subsidies but are not necessarily related to the choice of hubs. Compared with monomodal transportation, intermodal transportation can reduce costs more effectively when there are not too many hubs and the cost of different modes of transportation varies greatly. The influences of local government competition and hub construction investment on network design and government subsidies are further examined.

RETRACTED: Empirical statistical analysis on the influencing factors of Co-opetition behavior of enterprises in logistics park

based on the theory of enterprise competition and cooperation, combined with the characteristics of the organizational structure of logistics park enterprises, based on the previous research on the factors of enterprise competition and cooperation in logistics park, this paper constructs a conceptual model of enterprise competition and cooperation influence factors in logistics park. Based on the internal influence factors of the enterprise and the external influence factors of the logistics park, four internal influence factors and three external influence factors are put forward, and the factors that affect the competition and cooperation of logistics park enterprises are analyzed by factor analysis method. The results show that the factors related to the survival of competing and cooperating enterprises in logistics parks such as enterprise cooperative preference, enterprise niche, structure and location of logistics parks have a high impact on the competition and cooperation of enterprises in logistics parks. Secondly, the motivation factors of competing and cooperating enterprises such as the pressure of enterprise competition, the speed of enterprise growth, and the environmental capacity affect the competition and cooperation of enterprises in logistics parks, and finally the impact of the punishment mechanism on the competition and cooperation of enterprises in logistics parks.

Cooperative Innovation Behavior Based on Big Data

With the rapid change in technology, cooperative innovation based on data sharing has become an imminent tactic for enterprises to gain competitive advantages. This paper adopted a mixed method approach (case study-modelling-case study) to study firms’ co-opetition behavior based on their data analytics capabilities for innovation. We show that firms favor cooperation among peers with same capabilities, i.e., when each firm’s data level is comparable to their partners. We further establish that data transferability and incentive have high impact on cooperation decisions. Finally, we explain the evolution path of firms’ cooperation decisions and discuss the best options for them to sustain long-term growth and competitiveness. The results provide a basis for firms to decide how best to utilize big data for collaborative innovation, so as to improve customers’ product adoption and reduce costs.

Organization incentive driven by modeling of the co-opetition behavior in agent-based complex network

Different from a interaction model of traditional organizational incentive and individual behaviors, the research incorporates the concept of “cognitive bias” into a decision making model of employees’ co-opetition behaviors under organizational reform of joint-stock commercial banks based on theories of social dynamics, and establishes a model of employees’ co-opetition behaviors under different organizational incentives as well as variation characteristics of employees’ co-opetition behaviors. Research results show that in organizational change of commercial banks, incentive measures and communication modes shall be treated in differential manners according to specific stages, so that balanced distribution of resources and effect maximization can be achieved. At the initial stage of reform, strengthening of core employee management shall be emphasized and its diffusion effects shall be utilized positively. In this way, progress of organizational reform can be promoted from the microscopic layer.

Associativismo no setor turístico como vetor do comportamento de coopetição

A coopetição é a intrusão da competição nas redes de cooperação, por isso é mais visível entre concorrentes diretos, no entanto, esse comportamento é intrínseco das redes interorganizacionais. Este trabalho analisa o associativismo no turismo e seu contexto crítico que propicia o comportamento de coopetição. A análise está baseada em dados quantitativos, porém, mantém o caráter qualitativo da metodologia de estudo de caso. Os dados foram extraídos de 545 questionários de percepção a empresários e entrevistas a 50 associações turísticas nas cidades de Foz do Iguaçu e Curitiba. Os resultados demonstram que o contexto associativo de Foz do Iguaçu forma redes de coopetição horizontal com mais frequência do que a cidade de Curitiba, na qual se acentua as redes verticais de coopetição. Além disso, em Foz do Iguaçu existe uma maior percepção empresarial das vantagens derivadas da associação, assim como existe maior consciência sobre o nível de interdependência e metas em comuns. As considerações finais indicam que as associações empresariais são vetores do comportamento de coopetição.

Development of a tourism coopetition model: A preliminary Delphi study

Abstract While coopetition behavior has been explored in various studies from different points of view, tourism coopetition and models to measure coopetition capacity have not received similar attention. In this study, we aim to develop an explanatory model of coopetition in tourism destinations. A theoretical review provided a list of factors and environmental conditions to favor coopetition behavior. Later, a Delphi technique was used to better define the model of Tourism Coopetition. An expert panel analyzed a list of 47 indicators derived from coopetition literature grouped in seven factors and narrowed them down to the 30 most important indicators of coopetition related to tourism destinations. The findings show that a coopetition model in a tourism destination is determined by seven factors: co-location, associationism, competition, cooperation, strategic management, co-entrepreneurship, and co-production. This research has a twofold implication: it provides a means of monitoring the strengths and weaknesses of a tourism destination toward coopetition behavior and therefore, it can be used to optimize stakeholder relationships to increase the competitiveness in the hospitality and tourism industry, as well as inspiring other researchers in this field.

Evolution and simulation analysis of co-opetition behavior of E-business internet platform based on evolutionary game theory

Both e-business internet platforms and commercial banks are the leaders of supply chain finance model, this paper analyzed the competition and cooperation behavior of those leaders by using evolutionary game theory and ABM. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: newly added income produced by cooperation and reward income given by government have positive effect on cooperation behavior; when one participant chooses cooperation and the other chooses competition,the added income for competing participant and the decreased income for cooperating participant have negative influence on cooperation behavior; when the allocation proportion of newly added income produced by cooperation is more fair, the cooperation behavior is easier to be promoted; when the income produced by cooperation is far bigger than competition, the cooperation strategy has a strong advantage. Finally, some suggestions have been proposed to promote the cooperation of e-business internet platforms and commercial banks.

A associação baseada em coopetição nas redes interorganizacionais do turismo: uma comparação entre Curitiba e Foz do Iguaçu, Brasil

Purpose – This paper presents a model to analyze the context and critical behavior of interorganizational partnering based on the coopetition strategy. Design/methodology/approach – This research is exploratory, and makes use of descriptive statistical methodology. Data collection was based on an entrepreneurial perception survey applied to 545 tourism firms and 49 local business associations in two Brazilian cities. Findings – The main theoretical approach of this research was to introduce a partnering model, and its variables, based on coopetition – whereas its main empirical finding was to prove that the high internal competition among participants, within the tourism sector, is a greater source of coopetition behavior than external competition itself. Shared values, mutual trust, complementarity and awareness of the competitive advantages that result from partnering co-exist with the internal competition between firms belonging to this sector. Originality/value – Coopetition in the tourism sector has been little explored, but this study confirms that coopetition is a hybrid behavior which is very suitable to explain current market relationships; it also represents the interorganizational networks generated by business associations. The value of this research was to provide a scale to measure cooperative and competitive contexts on partnering based on the coopetition strategy, which can be applied to other industries or sectors.

Role of the Public Sector in Agricultural Coopetition: Place-based Marketing in Post-WTO Rural Taiwan

Since the Uruguay round, the trend of liberalization in agricultural trade has been unstoppable. Although countries were eager to become members of the World Trade Organization (WTO) after the 1990s, agricultural production, trade and consumption patterns have also been undergoing rapid changes both in developed and developing regions. How have governments in different countries reacted to these changing realities and challenges? In addition to practicing conventional protectionism, such as farm subsidies and tariff wars to sustain the domestic agricultural industry, what else can the public sector do to reform agriculture? This research studied four public-private partnership cases in southern Taiwan to demonstrate an alternative governmental response to the changing agricultural trade, where the public sector induces competing farmers to cooperate. Specifically, the government encouraged the farmers in rural communities to engage in a so-called "state-led coopetition" strategy to promote place-based marketing and collectively create a competitive advantage in the post-WTO era. The research focuses on why and how competing farmers cooperate and the impact of state intervention on coopetition. In terms of research contribution, this study first addresses the theoretical and empirical deficiencies in discussing the role of the public sector in coopetition strategy. Second, after a careful examination of the motivation, implementation and outcome in the four state-led coopetition cases, four major findings are identified to advance coopetition theory building. These findings are the following: 1) crises are focusing events that induce coopetition behavior; 2) competing firms in state-led coopetition cooperate and compete differently than in a typical business environment; 3) not all coopetition that is led by the public sector is unintentional; and 4) state-led coopetition generates extra public value.

COOPERATION AND COMPETITION IN HISTORY-DEPENDENT PARRONDO'S GAME ON NETWORKS

The paper studies a multi-agent Parrondo's game with history dependence. With the complex networks as the spatial carrier, the adaptation of cooperation and competition (coopetition for short) behaviors is analyzed and the impact of the degree distribution of the heterogeneity on the behavioral adaptation is investigated. The multi-agent Parrondo's game consists of a zero-sum game between individuals and a negative-sum game between individuals and environment based on the history of the game. In terms of relations of the zero-sum game, two behavioral patterns are determined: cooperation and competition. The simulation results show that: (1) Cooperation and competition in any forms are the adaptive behaviors. The coopetition behavior results in the variety of winning and losing states of the history, which makes the population develop toward the beneficial direction where nature affects. The positive average fitness of the population represents the paradoxical feature that the Parrondo's game is counterintuitive, (2) for the cooperation pattern, the average fitness of the population is the largest under Barabási–Albert (BA) network which is conducive to cooperation, (3) the heterogeneity has a positive impact on cooperation.

GAME-MODEL RESEARCH ON COOPETITION BEHAVIOR OF PARRONDO'S PARADOX BASED ON NETWORK

The paper devises a Parrondo's game model of biotic population with the network as its spatial carrier, trying to analyze individual's coopetition behavior and investigate the degree distribution of the heterogeneity on the impact of coopetition. The populational Parrondo's game model consists of a zero-sum game among individuals and a negative sum game between individuals and environment. In terms of relations of zero-sum game, four patterns are defined: cooperation, competition, harmony, and poor-competition-rich-cooperation. The simulation result shows that: (1) Cooperation and competition in any forms are adaptive behaviors. Cooperative and competitive behavior could convert the losing games combined into winning. The positive average fitness of the population represents the paradoxical feature that the Parrondo's game is counterintuitive. (2) BA Network is conducive to cooperation. (3) The relationships of individual fitness with node degree and with clustering coefficient are disclosed. As for cooperation and poor-competition-rich-cooperation pattern, the greater the node degree is, the greater the individual fitness is. (4) The heterogeneity has a positive impact on cooperation. (5) Population average fitness is the largest when the probability of playing zero-sum game is 1/3 in the Parrondo's game model.

Utilizing patent analysis to explore the cooperative competition relationship of the two LED companies: Nichia and Osram

This study used patent analysis to explore the co-opetition behavior between the two light emitting diode (LED) manufactures, Nichia and Osram, from the two critical technological fields in the LED industry: LED components and phosphor. The results of patent analysis indicated that Nichia had advantages in the field of LED components, while Osram had advantages in the field of phosphor. Therefore, there existed cooperation opportunities for the two opponents in the LED industry, because their technological capabilities were partially complementary. Therefore, Nichia and Osram were willing to make a compromise to solve the patent litigations between them and further agreed to offer cross-licensing of patents for each other. Their strategic interaction was changed from full competition to co-opetition which is win–win for them. This study demonstrates that patent analysis is a useful tool for R&D management and technical analysis, and the results of this study can provide a valuable reference for managers in formulating patent portfolio.

Chevron Philips, ExxonMobil enter strategic alliance

This study used patent analysis to explore the co-opetition behavior between the two light emitting diode (LED) manufactures, Nichia and Osram, from the two critical technological fields in the LED industry: LED components and phosphor. The results of patent analysis indicated that Nichia had advantages in the field of LED components, while Osram had advantages in the field of phosphor. Therefore, there existed cooperation opportunities for the two opponents in the LED industry, because their technological capabilities were partially complementary. Therefore, Nichia and Osram were willing to make a compromise to solve the patent litigations between them and further agreed to offer cross-licensing of patents for each other. Their strategic interaction was changed from full competition to co-opetition which is win–win for them. This study demonstrates that patent analysis is a useful tool for R&D management and technical analysis, and the results of this study can provide a valuable reference for managers in formulating patent portfolio.