CNC Technology Research Articles

A Test of Sequential Versus Simultaneous Complementarity in Technology Diffusion Using Survival Type Data: The Adoption of CAD and CNC

We develop a new test of simultaneous versus sequential complementarities by using a discrete-time binary model for survival-type panel data on the adoption of one, both, or neither of two technologies while controlling for unobserved heterogeneity by instrumenting key variables. We examplify using data on the adoption of CAD and CNC technologies by US metalworking plants. Results indicate significant complementarities. Simultaneous adoption is in this case more likely than adoption of the two technologies in isolation. Sequential adoption is significant but in only one direction. Prior adoption of CNC has a positive effect on the posterior adoption of CAD. We find no evidence of the opposite.

Design Teaching Machine Tool of Open CNC System on PC

In this paper, we design the open numerical control system of PC based on embedded motion control card. This open NC teaching machine tool is not only for the removal to meet the teaching requirements of the mechanical design, but also allows users to define instructions, to convert CNC instructions to the control card built-in function on the PC; to export the control information to control machine tool axis movement. This greatly enhances the students’ interest, and helps them to faster formation of the core competencies of the CNC technology.

Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Kecil Menengah Sektor Industri Pengolahan

The paradigm underlying this research is that SME has contribution to economic growth, that is indicated by their contribution to employment and Gross Domestic Product. SMEs contribute to employment more than 99,7 per cent of national employment and contribute to more IDR 1,013.5 trillion or 56,73 per cent. Nevertheless, the developing of SME's facing some problems namely lack of capital, difficulties in marketing, simple organizational structure with unstandard job description, low of quality management, limited human resource, generally it has no finanacial accounting, low of legality aspect, and low of technology quality. According to this matter, a comprehensive strategy for developing SME's is very crusial to develop in order to fasten SME's growth, to eliminate SME's problems, and to make SME's competitive. The strategy composed based on integration of location quotient, diamond cluster model, and SWOT analysis approach. The result indicated that SME's which have big potential to develop are manufacturing industry sector, because it has the biggest value of LQ is about 4,277. Then, strategy for developing SME's is ST strategy, namely using some strength to overcome some threats. According to this strategy, SME's should carry out product diversification by using CNC, CAD, and CAM technology, improve quality of product, and cooperate with suppliers to get supply raw material.

The NC Processing of the Transitional Region of Free Surface Based on Section Method

The machining of transitional region of free surface is a kind of very important machining technique. Because of the complicated shape of the transitional region of free surface, it is very easy for cutting tool to dry cutting with machined surface. In order to machin-transitional region of free surface, using the method of curves of cross sections base on CNC machining theories and technology of mechanical manufacture. And researching ball tool path generation, a improving method for building tool path of interface-free was raised, and using this method to do some machining simulation at last.

Study on Numerical Control Machining Technology of Toy Car Cover

Based on UG II CAD/CAM system, the CNC machining process and technology of a toy car cover is studied in this paper. It includes three-dimension (3D) modeling, machining programming, fixture design and manufacturing, process parameter setting, tool path planning and editing, NC code generation (post processing), simulation processing, and practical machining. The part is manufactured successfully in a 3-axis CNC milling machine. It has a desirable shape and high accuracy. The result shows that, with the powerful CAD/CAM capabilities of UG, the integrated design and manufacturing of complex curved surface shell part is easy to implement, the process is reasonable and efficient, and the NC program is reliable. This exmple fully reflects the advantages of UG CAD/CAM integration technology. The method and technology introduced in this paper can provide valuable reference for processing of similar parts.

The NC Processing of the Transitional Region of Free Surface Based on Section Method

The machining of transitional region of free surface is a kind of very important machining technique. Because of the complicated shape of the transitional region of free surface, it is very easy for cutting tool to dry cutting with machined surface. In order to machin-transitional region of free surface, using the method of curves of cross sections base on CNC machining theories and technology of mechanical manufacture. And researching ball tool path generation, a improving method for building tool path of interface-free was raised, and using this method to do some machining simulation at last.

Rapid casting solutions: a review

PurposeThis paper seeks to review the industrial applications of state‐of‐the‐art additive manufacturing (AM) techniques in metal casting technology. An extensive survey of concepts, techniques, approaches and suitability of various commercialised rapid casting (RC) solutions with traditional casting methods is presented.Design/methodology/approachThe tooling required for producing metal casting such as fabrication of patterns, cores and moulds with RC directly by using different approaches are presented and evaluated. Relevant case studies and examples explaining the suitability and problems of using RC solutions by various manufacturers and researchers are also presented.FindingsLatest research to optimize the current RC solutions, and new inventions in processing techniques and materials in RC performed by researchers worldwide are also discussed. The discussion regarding the benefits of RC solutions to foundrymen, and challenges to produce accurate and cost‐effective RC amongst AM manufacturers concludes this paper.Research limitations/implicationsThe research related to this survey is limited to the applicability of RC solutions to sand casting and investment casting processes. There is practically no implication in industrial application of RC technology.Originality/valueThis review presents the information regarding potential AM application – RC, which facilitates the fabrication of patterns, cores and moulds directly using the computer‐aided design data. The information available in this paper serves the purpose of researchers and academicians to explore the new options in the field of RC and especially users, manufacturers and service industries to produce casting in relatively much shorter time and at low cost and even to cast complex design components which otherwise was impossible by using traditional casting processes and CNC technology.

Study on Rebuilding of X53 Milling Machine for Numerical Control

CNC technology and equipment is an important foundation for modern manufacturing industry.In this paper, mechanical system and hardware was rebuilded on the X53 Milling Machine for Numerical Control based on the transformation of economy, convenience, practicalityand reliability. After the transformation , mechanical transmission part has high static and dynamic stiffness, CNC system has integration and high reliability, strong function.

The Study on Application of Worm’s Numerical Control Machining

One of the significant features of CNC technological superiority is in the practical applications, according to the necessary movement of processed parts required, we can use generating method to transform CNC machine tools and receive the desired results. This article discussed under the premise that lack of special equipment, transforming ordinary horizontal CNC milling to machine worm gear. The advantage of this numerical transformation approach is using the processing functions of thread and tapered thread instruction, skillfully translating into control of the CNC machining worm, expanding the CNC machining capabilities and the scope of practical application. Also apply the advantages of CNC technology, reduce or eliminate the accumulation of worm in the processing of pitch error which makes the worm processing precision and smoothness of worm drive better. This paper discussed the principles of numerical control transformation, transformation of milling machine structure and the conversion calculation of parameters in programming, analyzed the causes and processing effects of worm gear processing errors control and accuracy improving.

The Process Study on Laser Heat Treatment for CNC Machine Tool Guide

With the continuous development of CNC technology, CNC machine tools run at the higher speed. Cutting force will be greater, which is bound to exacerbate the wear and tear of the machine tool guides. Therefore, new requirements of numerical control machine tool guide surface hardness are proposed. Using Laser surface heat treatment process to scan the guide surface of CNC Machine Tool, the guide can get high hardness hardened layer. After being casted iron HT300 was heat treated by the laser, the microstructure is homogeneous, very fine martensite. Its Surface hardness can get to HV832. The treatment enhances the surface abrasion resistance, scratch-resistant capacity.

A STEP-compliant process planning system for CNC turning operations

Over the last 50 years, there have been many significant enhancements in computer aided systems which have influenced the CNC technology. One area that can be considered as a bottleneck to these CNC enhancements, and in particular to interoperability in CNC manufacturing is G&M part programming (ISO 6983). To overcome this bottleneck, the new standard ISO 14649, known as STEP-NC, is being developed to provide detailed information on component design, process planning and machining strategies to manufacture parts for the next generation of intelligent CNCs. This standard forms the basis of a new paradigm shift in the CNC domain to support digital modelling of CNC manufacturing resources. The research in this paper aims to identify major issues and develop new software tools to demonstrate the feasibility of interoperable CNC manufacturing based on STEP-NC. Besides the literature review on recent research and development on STEP-NC, this paper proposes a Process Planning System (PPS) with surface roughness chosen as the process planning objective. PPS consists of five modules: program reader, process planner, STEP-NC CAD viewer, STEP-NC CAM viewer and program writer. The reader is responsible for interpreting the geometry and the manufacturing data from a STEP-NC text file into a stored data list. The process planner uses this data list and enables users to evaluate surface roughness based on a mathematical model. Through the STEP-NC CAD viewer, the part geometry can be shown and via the STEP-NC CAM viewer the toolpath can be verified. Finally, the writer converts the stored STEP-NC data of the system into an updated STEP-NC file. An example case study component is used to demonstrate the PPS and show the interfacing of the STEP-NC data.

Study of Constant Speed Grinding and Grinding Machine Improved

Dimension error and surface quality have much different between each teeth of gear, moreover directly affect the gear work. After many times grinding, grinding speed and wheel contour of grinding wheel changed. This is primary reason of different between each teeth of grinded gear. Aiming at the problem, it is advanced the method of constant speed grinding and improved the tradition grinding machine structure, optimized the function of the wheel corrector using CNC technology. Machine improved can realize constant speed grinding, moreover can rapidly and accurately trim grinding wheel used complicate surface driving parts grinding. So improve grinding quality and increase grinding efficiency.

Research and Development of Open Numerical Control System

The CNC technology, which directly decides the function and performance of the manufacturing equipments, is the key technique group that supports the modern equipment manufacturing industry. And it is also the key technique for equipment layer which can push forward industrialization with informatization. By the research of open numerical control system, a kind of CNC system has been constructed based on IPC and PMAC motion control card using the designing method of modularization. By test and research, it has been proven that the Open Numerical Control system has complete functions and excellent performance, and can meet the request of modern numerical control machine tool for open numerical control system.

Algorithmic Form Generation of a Radiolarian Pavilion

This paper describes the design stage of an on-going research project for the construction of a pavilion that mimics the bone structures of Radiolarians. In the process, several constructive and generative algorithms are developed, together with geometric and trigonometric functions, all implemented in RhinoScript and a math plug-in for the NURBS modeler Rhinoceros. There has been considerable emphasis on the generation of the Radiolarian cell that is tessellated along a stereographic surface with a honeycomb-based algorithm. It combines design strategies from biomimetics, mathematical functions, generative scripting, process automation and versioning, all integrated into an algorithmic methodology for creating a non-standard structure, capable of being manufactured with CNC technology, and doing so, setting a precedent in the academic and professional environment in which it will be located.

Reverse Layered Manufacturing for Moldable Composites using CAD/CAM Technologies

AbstractThis paper investigates a novel reverse layered manufacturing process for the production of building components as an assembly system. The solution introduced in this paper is a system of computed layered manufactured molds for fabricating unique blocks. The goal was to create a system that can be influenced and tailored to incorporate culture, design preference, and geographical innovation. Based on the Global Fab Lab initiative (Neil Gershenfeld, MIT), that offers tools and CNC technologies to developing countries, this research investigates technology systems for building infrastructures with the impact of community intervention. The current research is twofold: it derives a systematic process that can be locally and globally repeated; and investigates the principle of sustainable technology using a repeatable system developed from CAD/CAM technologies. The layered manufacturing approach couples Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) and direct geometry slicing. The technology described in this p...

生産のIT化をサポートする最新のCNC技術(マザーマシンとITの融合,<特集>進化するマザーマシン-多軸制御工作機械とその応用技術-)

生産のIT化をサポートする最新のCNC技術(マザーマシンとITの融合,<特集>進化するマザーマシン-多軸制御工作機械とその応用技術-)

A case study in productivity-cost trade-off in the design of paced parallel production systems

This paper examines the investment and operational cost differences between high-volume serial CNC-based machining lines and parallel CNC-based machining lines. With the progress of CNC technology and their descending cost, more CNC machines have been used in high-volume production systems. CNC machines increase the flexibility and machining capability of production lines, greatly increasing the number of line configurations. Parallel configurations improve system throughput and have the same effect as adding buffers to a pure serial line but without additional work-in-process inventory. This analysis is performed through a case study of a CNC-based automotive cylinder head machining line. Examining machine reliability, line balance, configuration throughput, and cost yields insight into the cost-benefit tradeoff of implementing parallelism. It is found that even with large increases in investment in automated material handling, parallel configurations can yield significant annual cost savings over pure serial lines through reductions in capital investment, especially in CNC machines, and improvements in efficiency, and on a per unit capacity basis, parallel configurations are the least expensive.

Universal Manufacturing Platform for CNC Machining

Today, CNC technology is a major contributor to the production capacity of industrial companies. The current NC standards only allow rudimentary low-bandwidth information transfer between various resources. A complex network of post-processors is therefore needed for the basic functionality of CAD/CAM/CNC systems. In this paper, the authors investigate and design a universal platform for supporting CNC manufacturing. The platform shifts the necessary knowledge transformations from the vendor specific software domain to the conceptual model space. This will eliminate the requirement for postprocessors. Consequently, resources will be interchangeable and interoperable, adding to the strategic agility of the manufacturing network.

An empirical research for CNC technology implementation in manufacturing SMEs

The aim of this research is to investigate whether CNC technology affects the firm performance and to determine the manufacturing parameters and competitive priorities that are affected by the adoption of CNC technology. In order to understand the effect of CNC adoption on firm performance, CNC user and non-user firms were investigated statistically to determine any significant difference between them. Then, the investigation was carried out on the effect of CNC technology on manufacturing parameters and competitive priorities. For this purpose a sampling pool including 100 SMEs (small and medium sized enterprises) was investigated. Thirty-eight of these SMEs had previously implemented CNC technology. Our findings show that CNC implementation makes a significant difference on firm performance. Similar results were also found in the analysis on manufacturing parameters and competitive priorities indicating that firms gain significant benefits. However, surprisingly no significant difference was found with respect to delivery performance and volume flexibility between the two groups of firms.

Machining a Micro/Meso Scale Structure Using a Minaturized Machine Tool by Using a Conventional Cutting Process

Micro/meso scale parts, connectors, and couplers in optic communication and arbitrary 3D features are required in various fields of industry. In this paper, a miniaturized machine tool is developed to machine arbitrary 3D features in the micro/meso scale based on CNC and PC-NC technology. In the proposed system, a PI controller with antiwindup capability is adopted which helps micro/meso scale machining of components. For performance evaluation, a V groove and a 3D feature are machined using the proposed miniaturized machine tool.