Cm In Total Length Research Articles

First report on reproductive features of the Hooghly croaker Panna heterolepis Trewavas, 1977 from the Bay of Bengal in relation to environmental factors.

This study highlights the reproductive biology of Hooghly Croaker, Panna heterolepis Trewavas, 1977 which is one of the dominant fish in the Bay of Bengal (Bangladesh) based on monthly sampling of 569 female individuals from January to December 2019. We observed the effect of different environmental factors (temperature, rainfall, dissolved oxygen, and pH) on the reproduction of P. heterolepis. Measurements of each individual like total length (TL) and body weight (BW) were taken by using of measuring board and digital balance. Gonads were carefully removed through ventral dissection from females and weighed to 0.01g accuracy. To assess the size at sexual maturity (Lm), spawning season, and its peak, the GSI (gonadosomatic index in %), MGSI (modified gonadosomatic index in %), and DI (Dobriyal index) were considered. Based on these indices, the Lm was documented 15.0cm in TL. Moreover, L50 was predicted by logistic calculation as 15.0cm TL. Furthermore, greater values of GSI, MGSI, and DI values denoted the spawning season as of January to July, with a peak in February. Additionally, Fulton's condition factor (KF) was significantly correlated with GSI values. In addition, GSI was statistically correlated with temperature. However, other environmental factors (rainfall, dissolved oxygen, and pH) did not show any significant relation with GSI. Finally, the outcomes of our study might be useful to carry out specific management programs for P. heterolepis in the Bay of Bengal and nearby aquatic ecosystem.

Reproductive parameters of the shovelnose guitarfish Pseudobatos productus (Ayres, 1856) in Northwest Mexico

The shovelnose guitarfish Pseudobatos productus is a major species in batoid catch on the north-western coasts of Mexico. Our goal was to describe the reproductive biology of this species, including morphometric and histological analysis of the gonads. Sampling was carried out on artisanal fishing camps near Bahía Tortugas, Baja California Sur, Mexico. A total of 147 organisms were collected, with a size of 58.9 to 162 cm of total length (TL). The size of first maturity (L50%) was 111.3 cm TL for females, and 102.2 cm TL for males. The sex ratio was 1.42 females per male, but 1:1 for embryos. Positive correlations were found between TL and the number of oocytes, the diameter of oocytes, the uterus height, the oviducal gland height, the oviducal gland width, and the clasper length. We describe four histological zones in the oviducal gland of females, with no sperm storage. Mature testicle lobes showed distinct spermatogenesis stages, ranging from spermatogonia to mature sperm cells.

A review on maximum length of the greater weever Trachinus draco Linnaeus 1758 (Perciformes: Trachinidae) with a new maximum length from Oran Bay (Western Algeria)

On the 15th April 2017, one female specimen of the greater weever, Trachinus draco measuring 44.69 cm in total length and weighting 885 g was captured by trammel net in Oran Bay (Cape Rousseau) at 120 m depth. Up to date, this length is a new record of maximum length reached for this trachinidae for Algerian waters and the second maximum length recorded in Mediterranean basin according to Fischer et al., 1987 observation noted at 45 cm.

On Maximum Length Record of the Chub Mackerel (Scomber japonicus Houttuyn, 1782) from Northern Aegean Sea (Turkey, eastern Mediterranean)

The accurate estimates of the maximum length of fish within a population are significant issues. Because the parameters related to maximum length, weight and age of fish communities in the ecosystem are constantly used in population dynamics and stock estimation studies, recording of such data is vital for determining the life history of fish. In this connection, a single specimen of Scomber japonicus was captured off Kabatepe Bight (Gallipoli Peninsula) with handline by a commercial fisherman on 21 September 2013. This specimen was 370.00 g in total weight and 34.6 cm in total length (32.0 cm in fork length), corresponding to the second maximum size recorded for Turkish waters. This study aims to contribute to the scientific literature.

A new maximum length of the spotted weever, Trachinus araneus Cuvier, 1829 (Perciformes: Trachinidae) from Western Mediterranean (Oran Bay)

On the 29th of October 2018, one specimen of the spotted weever, Trachinus araneus measuring 47.3 cm in total length and weighting 968 g was captured by trammel net operating in Oran Bay (Kristel fishery) Western Algerian coast at 100 m depth. Up to date, this length is a new record of maximum length reached for this trachinid in the Mediterranean basin.

The Maximum Length Record of the White Seabream (Diplodus sargus Linnaeus, 1758) for the Aegean Sea

A single specimen of Diplodus sargus with 40.5 cm in total length and 1000.00 g in total weight was caught off İbrice Bight (Saros Bay) with handline by a commercial fisherman on 25 June 2018. The mentioned sizes are the maximum length and weight values of the species for the Aegean Sea and the other Turkish coasts; however, it is the second-largest length ever reported in the Mediterranean Basin.

Maximum size of Marbled spinefoot (Siganus rivulatus Forsskal & Niebuhr, 1775) for Aegean Sea

This study presents the maximum size record of Siganus rivulatus for the Aegean Sea with some additional biological information. The biggest individual of S. rivulatus was caught in Akbuk Bight, Gokova Bay (Southern Aegean Sea) at 15 m depth with trammel nets on 29.01.2018. Specimenof marbled spinefoot was 27.1 cm in total length and 414.8 g in total weight. The specimen was female with a gonad weight of 2.43 g and it was determined to be 9 years old. The total length of the mentioned individual is the longest for Aegean Sea among the reported studies so far and weight measurement displays the maximum value not only for Turkey but also for European waters.

Growth characteristics of Uranoscopus scaber Linnaeus 1758, inhabiting the Iskenderun Bay (Northeastern Mediterranean)

This study aimed to determine the age and some growth characteristics of Atlantic stargazer (Uranoscopus scaber) from Iskenderun Bay (Northeastern Mediterranean). For this purpose, a total of 150 Atlantic stargazer ranging in size from 9.1 to 28.0 cm in total length (weight: 11.7–345.7 g) were collected as by-catch from a commercial trawl fishing boat at a depth of 80–100 m between May 2015 and January 2016. The bottom trawl gear used was equipped with a 44 mm stretched mesh size net at the cod-end. The percentage of females and males were 46.7% and 53.3% respectively. The total length–weight relationships equation with coefficient of determination (R2) were found as W = 0.011*TL3.131, R2 = .9728, for all individuals, W = 0.015*TL3.021, R2 = .9512 for females and W = 0.0102*TL3.136, R2 = .9553 for males. By using the von Bertalanffy equation, the growth parameters of Atlantic stargazer were estimated to be L∞ = 42.35 cm, k = 0.098, t0 = −1.8474 for all individuals; L∞ = 36.92 cm, k = 0.138, t0 = −1.2693 for females and L∞ = 38.77 cm, k = 0.1, t0 = −2.334 for males. In this study, age reading was done by two independent readers and index of average percentage error (IAPE) was calculated as 6.1%. The highest condition factor value calculated as 1.81 in the age group 6 and the lowest condition factor value was calculated as 1.48 in the age group 1.

Cretaceous Blind Snake from Brazil Fills Major Gap in Snake Evolution

SummaryBlind snakes (Scolecophidia) are minute cryptic snakes that diverged at the base of the evolutionary radiation of modern snakes. They have a scant fossil record, which dates back to the Upper Paleocene-Lower Eocene (∼56 Ma); this late appearance conflicts with molecular evidence, which suggests a much older origin for the group (during the Mesozoic: 160–125 Ma). Here we report a typhlopoid blind snake from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil, Boipeba tayasuensis gen. et sp. nov, which extends the scolecophidian fossil record into the Mesozoic and reduces the fossil gap predicted by molecular data. The new species is estimated to have been over 1 m long, much larger than typical modern scolecophidians (<30 cm). This finding sheds light on the early evolution of blind snakes, supports the hypothesis of a Gondwanan origin for the Typhlopoidea, and indicates that early scolecophidians had large body size, and only later underwent miniaturization.

Retracted: A new species in town: New record of Hexanchus nakamurai Teng, 1962 from the Levantine Sea

Hexanchus nakamurai is a deep-water species, with very little scientific information. This study confirms the distribution of the species in the most eastern region of the Mediterranean Sea, Levantine Sea, in addition to providing some biological information from four pregnant individuals, which is being reported for the first time in the Mediterranean Sea. A total of four individuals were bycaught, in two sets on opposite coasts, three on the 13th of May 2020 from the western coast, and an individual on the 14th June 2020 from east coast of the island of Cyprus. The four specimens, all pregnant females, measured between 107 and 116 cm in total length and between 4,330 and 4,960 g in weight. All specimens were in early pregnancy according to the level of embryo development, which confirms that the size at maturity is smaller than previously reported. In the stomachs, remains of the hake Merluccius merluccius, the cephalopod Loligo vulgaris and two unidentified species of Hirudinea (Annelida) were found. This study provides important new information on the Mediterranean distribution of a globally rare and data deficient species, including an expansion of its known range, dietary preferences and insights of its reproduction biology; the first pregnant females reported in the Mediterranean Sea.

Biology and population dynamics of the freshwater puffer fish, Tetraodon lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758), from the River Nile, Aswan, Egypt

A fresh water pufferfish Tetraodon lineatus in Egypt has limited information available. A total of 350 specimens were collected monthly from the river Nile, Aswan (2019). Specimens were 13.5–38.5 cm in total length with an average of 22.16 ± 5.02 cm and a total weight of 61.7–1456 g with an average of 339.86 ± 248.85 g. The length-weight relationship showed negative allometric growth, and both absolute and relative conditions decreased after March towards September, represents the spawning period. The sex ratio of 1 male to 1.28 females showed the predomination of females (56.23%) over males (43.77%) over the year. Males dominated the first length classes of 14–19 cm. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) was elevated from April to August, with its highest peak in June, and the unimodal curve indicated spawning once per year. The hepatosomatic index showed an inverse trend against the increase of GSI. Length at maturity was 18.7 cm for males and 18.2 for females. The lifespan of the fish was determined by the counting the growth rings of vertebrae No 3 was five years for both sexes at mean lengths of 14.5, 21.2, 26.3, 31.2, and 34.2 cm for 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th, years respectively. Age group III was the most abundant followed by age group II. Asymptotic length was 46.29 cm, condition was 0.242 year−1, and to was −0.609 year−1, growth performance was 2.71, and longevity was 11.78 years. Our results are among the first biology and population dynamics data on the freshwater pufferfish in Egypt, and they indicate a satisfactory growth rate and ability to live longer than their age at maturity. These data could be utilized as the basis for scientific studies of physiology and toxicology, and useful in further management.

Confirmed Occurrence of Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) from Mersin Bay (Northeastern Mediterranean)

In June 2018, a single female specimen of the Ocean sunfish, Mola mola (Linnaeus, 1758) (122 cm in total length and 80 kg in weight) was caught by a commercial trammel net at a depth of 393 m in Mersin Bay (Bozyazi coast), Turkey. This paper presents the first substantiated occurrence and hence, the confirmation of M. mola in the Northeastern Mediterranean, Turkey. Morphological and meristic measurements of the specimen were made and recorded with the catalog number MEUFC-18-11-101 in the Museum of the Systematic in, Mersin University’s Faculty of Fisheries. Morphometric and meristic data matched other recordings of this species from parts of the Mediterranean, and the historical captured record of the species in the Mediterranean was documented.

Successful Laparoscopic Radiofrequency Ablation (Lap RFA) of 10 Cm Adenoma with 2 Year Stability

Study Objective To present successful off-label treatment of symptomatic mega Adenoma with Lap RFA for patient desiring to maintain fertility and to present durable 2-year symptom relief and lesion stability post treatment. Design Case Report. Setting Private Practice TX. Patients or Participants 41-year-old African American female G1P0010who originally presented, in May, 2017 as a referral from a fertility specialist for treatment of large adenoma. Pt complained of severe dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia. She had previously undergone several unsuccessful rounds of Clomid. MRI imaging showed an anterior 9.5cm full thickness anterior uterine wall adenoma, with indistinct margins involving the junctional zone. The uterus measured 14cm in total length. There were 3 smaller fibroids noted. She had seen multiple other gyn physicians who had counseled her for hysterectomy, or extensive myomectomy, neither of which would have rendered her able to safely carry a pregnancy. Interventions In July, 2017, after counseling on off label use of Lap RFA for future fertility and off label use on adenoma, the patient received a concomitant procedure including Laparoscopic Radiofrequency ablation with Acessa system and myomectomy. Lap RFA was used to ablate the large anterior adenoma and myomectomy was performed on several smaller pedunculated fibroids. Measurements and Main Results 3 months after the Laparoscopic Radiofrequency Ablation, ultrasound imaging was performed which demonstrated successful shrinkage of the adenoma by 60%. By 6 months, the ultrasound demonstrated 75% reduction in the size of the lesion with sharp margins. Two years later, the area is stable and the patient is pursuing pregnancy. Conclusion For this patient, the off label use of laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation on an adenoma and the off label use for a fertility patient allowed successful treatment of an otherwise untreatable large anterior adenoma involving the entire anterior uterine wall. She is stable 2 years post-op and pursuing fertility. To present successful off-label treatment of symptomatic mega Adenoma with Lap RFA for patient desiring to maintain fertility and to present durable 2-year symptom relief and lesion stability post treatment. Case Report. Private Practice TX. 41-year-old African American female G1P0010who originally presented, in May, 2017 as a referral from a fertility specialist for treatment of large adenoma. Pt complained of severe dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia. She had previously undergone several unsuccessful rounds of Clomid. MRI imaging showed an anterior 9.5cm full thickness anterior uterine wall adenoma, with indistinct margins involving the junctional zone. The uterus measured 14cm in total length. There were 3 smaller fibroids noted. She had seen multiple other gyn physicians who had counseled her for hysterectomy, or extensive myomectomy, neither of which would have rendered her able to safely carry a pregnancy. In July, 2017, after counseling on off label use of Lap RFA for future fertility and off label use on adenoma, the patient received a concomitant procedure including Laparoscopic Radiofrequency ablation with Acessa system and myomectomy. Lap RFA was used to ablate the large anterior adenoma and myomectomy was performed on several smaller pedunculated fibroids. 3 months after the Laparoscopic Radiofrequency Ablation, ultrasound imaging was performed which demonstrated successful shrinkage of the adenoma by 60%. By 6 months, the ultrasound demonstrated 75% reduction in the size of the lesion with sharp margins. Two years later, the area is stable and the patient is pursuing pregnancy. For this patient, the off label use of laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation on an adenoma and the off label use for a fertility patient allowed successful treatment of an otherwise untreatable large anterior adenoma involving the entire anterior uterine wall. She is stable 2 years post-op and pursuing fertility.

The Maximum Length Record of the Blackspot Seabream (Pagellus bogaraveo Brünnich, 1768) for the Entire Aegean Sea and Turkish Territorial Waters

The maximum length, weight, and age information of organisms in an ecosystem, moreover, the first records of migrated exotic species are essential in terms of the basis for the studies on population dynamics, stock assessment, and biological activities. Therefore, the recording of such data may be necessary for scientific databases and new related studies. The Blackspot seabream (Red seabream - Pagellus bogaraveo), which belongs to the Sparidae family, is an important seafood which is marketed fresh and frozen around the Mediterranean and the Aegean seas. Nowadays, this species has high prices depending on market demands in domestic markets as a result of overfishing and is also cultured in northern Spain. It is classified as “Near Threatened Species” in the red list due to its decreasing population trend by the IUCN. A single specimen of the Blackspot seabream with 30.7 cm in total length and 390.00 g in total weight, which was angled in the Saros Bay with a handline by a fisherman on February 08, 2019, was obtained from a fishmonger in Çanakkale. Even though there are bigger individuals in the North-east Atlantic probably depending on polar and/or deep-sea gigantism, the mentioned measurement is the proven maximum total length of this species for the Aegean Sea up to the time.

The Length – Weight Relationship and maximum length of Umbrina cirrosa (Linnaeus, 1758)

In this study, length-weight relationship of Umbrina cirrosa was determined in the Black Sea while giving a maximum length and weight record for this species. A total of 102 U. cirrosa were sampled by using trammel nets between 2018 and 2019 in the southern Black Sea. The mean length and the mean weight of the specimens were estimated as 32.4 cm ± 15.02 (4.8-94) and 613.1 g ± 962.69 (1.0-7051.1), respectively. One of the sampled species was measured as 94 cm in total length, weighed 7051.1 g, and was found to be 5 years old. These measurements prove this specimen to be the largest individual for the Turkish coasts. The length-weight relationship was described as W=0.009L3.0541 (R²=0.9962) with positive allometric growth for all individuals. This is the first study conducted for U. cirrosa in the Black Sea while the maximum size record is given for all Turkish coastal waters.

Analysis of morphometric and meristic characteristics of Pomadasys stridens (Forsskål, 1775), Family: Haemulidae from the Gulf of Suez, Red Sea, Egypt.

The morphological diagnosis, morphometric, and meristic characters for the striped piggy Pomadasys stridens in the Gulf of Suez were studied by the examination of 165 specimens collected during the fishing season 2017/2018. These fishes ranged from 8.2 to 16.3 cm in total length and 7.3 to 57.3 g in weight. Twenty morphometric and eleven meristic characters were investigated in detail. The analysis of morphometric characters revealed that the morphometric measurements of various body parts were dependent on body size and there is a gradual increase in morphometric measurements with an increase in body length. Regression analyses were performed between the independent variable “TL” and the dependent variables “FL, SL, HL, HD, , BD, PreDL, DFL, PrePL, PFL, PreVL, VFL, PreAL, AFL, CFL, CFH, CPL, CPD” as well as between the independent variable “HL” and the dependent variables “ED, PreOL”. The results showed that there was a positive linear relationship between various morphometric measurements and TL as well as HL with a medium to a high degree of correlation. On the other hand, the fish showed constant meristic characters, where there was no change in meristic counts with the increase in body length. The fin formula can be written as D XII+14; A III+8; P 15; V I+5; C 15 and the recorded number of LLS, GR, and V were 57, 22, and 24 respectively.

The small-deflection energy analyzer (SDEA): Enabling multi-point investigations in the thermosphere-ionosphere.

The Small-Deflection Energy Analyzer (SDEA), a new type of parallel plate analyzer of high sensitivity and resolution, enables CubeSat applications for new ionosphere-thermosphere investigations. SDEA's data of angle-energy distributions yield the thermosphere-ionosphere parameters of neutral wind and ion-drift vectors with corresponding temperatures and densities. Less than 4 cm in total length and 2 cm on the side, SDEA is used in the wind-temperature and ion-drift temperature spectrometers pair to provide two of the three instrument functions in the Wind-Ion-Neutral-Composition Suite now operating in three satellites in a low-Earth orbit. The small-deflection feature of SDEA allows miniaturization with several advantages discussed within. A description of SDEA is followed by examples of laboratory and a limited amount of flight data taken in low-Earth-orbit to demonstrate precision possible with SDEA. Strengths and weaknesses are discussed.

Gut Morphometry Represents Diet Preference to Indigestible Materials in the Largest Freshwater Fish, Mekong Giant Catfish (Pangasianodon gigas).

The Mekong giant catfish Pangasianodon gigas is one of the largest freshwater fish, measuring up to 3 m in total length. This study was designed to determine the feeding habits of P. gigas to better understand how the fish achieve their large body size. We compared the relationship between gut length (GL) and total length (TL) among related species in superfamily Bagroidea, order Siluriformes (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus and Hemibagrus nemurus) in the Kaeng Krachan reservoir, Thailand. The mean relative gut length (RGL = GL / TL) of P. gigas was 3.50, showing that they have relatively long guts, with values more similar to those of omnivorous P. hypophthalmus (RGL = 3.70) than to those of carnivorous H. nemurus (RGL = 0.92). In the allometric relationship (i.e., log10 GL = log10 a + b log10 TL), the slope close to 1 for P. gigas (b = 1.07) has been widely observed in carnivores, while P. gigas has a greater intercept of the linear equation than P. hypophthalmus and H. nemurus, resulting in a similar GL of P. gigas to omnivorous P. hypophthalmus at approximately 35 cm in TL. Moreover, GL of P. gigas at 150 to 250 cm in TL showed great variations (RGL = 1.35-6.32). The variation in RGL for P. gigas seemed to result from a poor nutritional state. In conclusion, P. gigas is suggested to feed on indigestible materials such as plants, algae, and sediments, and potentially experience fasting in a reservoir.

A study on maximum length record of saddled seabream (Oblada melanura Linnaeus, 1758) caught off Gökçeada Island (Northern Aegean Sea, Turkey)

A single specimen of Oblada melanura with 29.1 cm in total length and 390.00 g in total weight was obtained off Gökçeada Island (Northern Aegean Sea, Turkey) with gill nets by fisherman on February 2, 2020. Its length and weight were the maximum length record of saddled seabream for Northern Aegean coasts of Turkey.

An Observation About Maximum Size Record of Blotched Picarel (Spicara maena Linnaeus, 1758) from Northern Aegean Coasts of Turkey

Maximum length and weight are important parameters and they are commonly used in life history studies and fishery science. Therefore, it is important to regularly bring up to date the maximum size of commercially important species. The accurate estimates of the maximum size of fish in a population are important issues. Because the parameters related to maximum length, weight and age in fish communities within an ecosystem are constantly used in population dynamics and stock estimation studies, recording of such data is vital for determining the life history of fish. In this connection, a single specimen of blotched picarel (Spicara maena) with 20.3 cm in total length and 159.00 g in total weight was caught off Saros Bay (Northern Aegean Sea, Turkey) with handline at 20 m water depth by a commercial fisherman on October 20, 2019. Its length and weight were the maximum size of Spicara maena for Saros Bay.