Nanoparticle Clusters Research Articles

On the structure of nanoparticle clusters: effects of long-range interactions.

The fractal structure of aggregates consisting of primary nanoparticles naturally arises during their synthesis. While typically considered to be a fully stochastic process, we suspect long-range interactions, in particular van der Waals forces, to induce an active pull on particles, altering the clustering process. Using an off-grid 3D model, we show that an active pull decreases the density and fractal dimension of formed clusters. These findings could not be reproduced by 2D models, which underestimate screening effects. Additionally, we determined the range within which van der Waals forces dominate the aggregation process.

Nonthermal Plasma‐Catalytic Dry Reforming of Methane in Parallel‐Plate Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor Using Mg‐Modified Ni Catalysts

The conversion of greenhouse gases, particularly CO2 and CH4, into syngas via dry reforming of methane (DRM) has effectively mitigated global warming and climate change issues. The research objectives are to enhance the DRM efficiency and reduce coke formation using Ni catalysts supported on Mg‐modified Al2O3 in parallel plate dielectric barrier discharge. Raising the Ni calcination temperature from (Ni/Mg–Al2O3‐500) to 700 °C (Ni/Mg–Al2O3‐700) enhances NiO reduction temperatures, thus diminishing their reducibility. This indicates that Ni/Mg–Al2O3‐700 exhibits stronger NiO–Al2O3 interaction, resulting in increased metal dispersion and decreased crystallite and particle sizes. As the Ni calcination temperature increases from 700 to 800 °C (Ni/Mg–Al2O3‐800) the intensity of the Ni0.8Mg0.11Al2O4 spinel structure is enhanced. The increased Ni calcination temperature enhances the metal‐support sintering processes and promotes the metal nanoparticle cluster formation, leading to increased particle and crystallite sizes, alongside decreased dispersion of Ni and Mg particles on the catalyst surface. The Ni/Mg–Al2O3‐700 exhibits lowest NiO reducibility, strongest NiO–Al2O3 interaction, highest metal dispersion, highest specific surface area, smallest particle, and crystallite sizes. Consequently, it attains the highest CH4 and CO2 conversions, H2 and CO selectivities, and energy efficiency, as well as the lowest coking rate, carbon deposition, carbon loss, and specific energy consumption.

A review of innovative design strategies: Artificial antigen presenting cells in cancer immunotherapy.

Developing nanocarriers that can carry medications directly to tumors is an exciting development in cancer nanomedicine. The efficacy of this intriguing therapeutic approach is, however, compromised by intricate and immunosuppressive circumstances that arise concurrently with the onset of cancer. The artificial antigen presenting cell (aAPC), a micro or nanoparticle based device that mimics an antigen presenting cell by providing crucial signal proteins to T lymphocytes to activate them against cancer, is one cutting-edge method for cancer immunotherapy. This review delves into the critical design considerations for aAPCs, particularly focusing on particle size, shape, and the non-uniform distribution of T cell activating proteins on their surfaces. Adequate surface contact between T cells and aAPCs is essential for activation, prompting engineers to develop nano-aAPCs with microscale contact areas through techniques such as shape modification and nanoparticle clustering. Additionally, we explore recommendations for future advancements in this field.

Sensitive and accurate photoluminescent-multiphonon resonant Raman scattering dual-mode detection of microRNA-21 via catalytic hairpin assembly amplification and magnetic assistance.

Anovel dual-mode detection method for microRNA-21 was developed. Photoluminescent (PL) and multiphonon resonant Raman scattering (MRRS) techniques were combined by using ZnTe nanoparticles as signal probes for reliable detection. The catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) strategy was integrated with superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticle clusters (NCs) to enhance sensitivity. A remarkable detection sensitivity was achieved, with an ultralow limit of detection (LOD) of 310 aM for PL and 460 aM for MRRS. Awide detection range spanning from 500 aM to 100 nM for PL and 500 aM to 10 nM for MRRS was demonstrated, showcasing the versatility and efficacy of the method. Comparing to current methods and our previous work, both sensitivity and detection range showed significant advancements. The consistency between the detection results of PL and MRRS modes highlights the reliability and robustness of our method, offering compelling internal validation. This work not only opens new avenues for achieving sensitive and accurate detection of miRNAs, but also shows significant promise for advancing diagnostic applications in disease management.

Magnetic chromatography improves colloidal and MRI attributes of magnetoliposomes enabling evaluation of the impact of size on bio-distribution in an in vivo model of pancreatic cancer.

Magnetic chromatography was exploited to fractionate suspensions of magnetoliposomes (SML: lumen-free lipid-encapsulated clusters of multiple magnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles) improving their colloidal properties and relaxivity (magnetic resonance image contrast capability). Fractionation (i) removed sub-populations that do not contribute to the MRI response, and thus (ii) enabled evaluation of the size-dependence of relaxivity for the MRI-active part, which was surprisingly weak in the 55-90 nm range. MC was therefore implemented for processing multiple PEGylated SML types having average sizes ranging from 85 to 105 nm, which were then shown to have strongly size-dependent uptake in an in vivo pancreatic cancer model. Hence for applications in cancer diagnosis, selection of SML of suitable size for the biological target is more important than size-dependence of relaxivity.

Enhanced nasal-to-brain drug delivery by multivalent bioadhesive nanoparticle clusters for cerebral ischemic reperfusion injury protection.

Following cerebral ischemia, reperfusion injury can worsen ischemia-induced functional, metabolic disturbances, and pathological damage upon blood flow restoration, potentially leading to irreversible harm. Yet, there's a dearth of advanced, localized drug delivery systems ensuring active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) efficacy in cerebral protection during ischemia-reperfusion. This study introduces a multivalent bioadhesive nanoparticle-cluster, merging bioadhesive nanoparticles (BNPs) with dendritic polyamidoamine (PAMAM), enhancing nose-to-brain delivery and brain protection efficacy against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injuries (CIRI). The BNPs-PAMAM cluster exhibits superior adhesion within the rat nasal cavity, prolonged retention, enabling sustained drug release, cerebral transportation, and accumulation, resulting in enhanced intracerebral pharmacokinetic profile. Intranasal administration circumvents systemic delivery challenges, ensuring CIRI protection drugs reach ischemic areas pre-reperfusion, overcoming thrombus-related delays. Administering BNPs-PAMAM loaded with dexmedetomidine (DEX) pre-reperfusion effectively prevents neuron apoptosis by α2-adrenoceptor activation, modulating the ischemic microenvironment, exerting triple neuroprotective effects against cerebral reperfusion injury. Importantly, only therapeutic DEX releases and accumulates in the nasal cavity, averting brain nanomaterial toxicity, promising for repeat administrations. This study presents a translational platform for nasal-to-brain drug delivery in CNS disease treatment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Innovative Drug Delivery System: This study introduces a multivalent bioadhesive nanoparticle-cluster (BNPs-PAMAM) to enhance nasal-to-brain drug delivery for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) treatment. Enhanced Retention and Efficacy: The BNPs-PAMAM system significantly improves drug retention in the nasal cavity and ensures sustained release, thereby enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of the neuroprotective agent dexmedetomidine (DEX). Blood-Brain Barrier Circumvention: By leveraging intranasal administration, the system bypasses the blood-brain barrier, delivering DEX directly to ischemic brain regions before reperfusion and minimizing systemic side effects. Triple Neuroprotective Effects for CIRI protection: DEX delivered via BNPs-PAMAM effectively reduces oxidative stress and inflammation while enhancing mitochondrial autophagy, providing comprehensive protection against neuronal damage.

Synthesis of MoS2 nanosheet-encapsulated CuCo2S4 nanoparticle clusters derived from metal glycerate for high-performance supercapacitor applications

Synthesis of MoS2 nanosheet-encapsulated CuCo2S4 nanoparticle clusters derived from metal glycerate for high-performance supercapacitor applications

Néel relaxation of magnetic nanoparticle clusters

Néel relaxation of magnetic nanoparticle clusters

Environmentally sustainable synthesis of metal nanoparticle clusters and their prospective applications in biomedical and surface enhanced Raman scattering

Abstract In a recent study, gold and silver nanoparticle clusters were successfully synthesized for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, using an environmentally friendly green synthesis method. Both gold and silver nanoparticles exhibit characteristic plasmon resonance peaks at 530 nm and 420 nm respectively with additional peaks at higher wavelengths (620 nm for gold and 580 nm for silver) suggesting the formation of clusters or assemblies of nanoparticles. Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy analyses reveal that the synthesized gold nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles are predominantly spherical, with average sizes of 10-20 nm for gold nanoparticles and 15-30 nm for silver nanoparticles, along with observable nanoparticle clustering. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy analysis shows that the functional groups in the Azadirachta indica extract, such as O-H and C-H bonds, participate in the reduction and stabilization of gold and silver nanoparticles. The synthesized gold nanoparticles and silver nanoparticles (showing stronger inhibition) exhibited dose-dependent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and antioxidant activity in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging assays, with silver nanoparticles showing higher scavenging efficiency compared to gold nanoparticles. Further, the surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy analysis of methyl orange showed significant signal enhancement with silver nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles attributed to inter-plasmon coupling and the creation of hot spots in clustered nanostructures.

Local Energy Minima and Density of Energy Barriers in Dense Clusters of Magnetic Nanoparticles

In this paper, we focus on the properties of local energy minima and energy barriers in immobilized dense clusters of magnetic nanoparticles. Understanding of these features is highly interesting both for the fundamental physics of disordered systems with long-range interparticle interaction and for numerous applications of modern ferrofluids consisting of such clusters. In particular, it is needed to predict the ac-susceptibility of these systems and their magnetization relaxation after a sudden change in the external field, because both processes occur via magnetization jumps over energy barriers that separate the energy minima. Due to the exponential increase in the corresponding jump time with barrier height (tsw∼exp(ΔE/kT)), direct Langevin dynamics simulations of this process are not feasible. For this reason, we have developed efficient numerical methods both for finding as many energy minima as possible and for the reliable evaluation of energy barriers between them. Our results for the distribution of overlaps between the local energy minima imply that there is no spin-glass state in such clusters even when they consist of particles with a small anisotropy. Further, we show that the distributions of energy barrier heights are qualitatively different for clusters of particles with small, intermediate, and large anisotropies, which has important consequences for the magnetization dynamics of these systems.

From Frustration to Order: Role of Fluid-Fluid Interfaces in Precision Assembly of Nanoparticles.

Fluid-fluid interfaces are an attractive platform for self-assembling nanoparticles into low-dimensional materials. In this Perspective, we review recent developments in the use of interfaces to direct the assembly of spherical and anisotropic nanoparticles into diverse and sophisticated architectures. We illustrate how nanoparticle clusters, strings, networks, superlattices, chiral lattices, and quasicrystals can be self-assembled by harnessing the frustration between interfacial and interparticle forces. We highlight the role of polymeric ligands attached to the surface of nanoparticles in modulating assembly behavior by directly altering particle-fluid and particle-particle interactions or by deforming at interfaces and junctions between particles. We conclude by providing a roadmap of key questions and opportunities in this exciting field of interfacial assembly.

In Situ Clustering of Copper Nanoparticles in Mesoporous Cerium-Based Metal−Organic Frameworks for Efficient Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia

Owing to their tunable intra-framework functionalities as well as their exceptional chemical stability in water, cerium(IV)-based metal–organic frameworks (Ce-MOFs) have been utilized in a range of applications in aqueous solutions. By performing post-synthetic modifications (PSM), the high-density and spatially separated active units for the targeted reactions can be introduced within the entire framework structure, which makes Ce-MOFs particularly appealing for catalytic applications. Despite the low electrical conductivities of most MOFs hinder their direct use for electrochemical applications, electrons can be transported in the intrinsically insulating Ce-MOFs by node-to-node redox hopping during the electrochemical processes. We thus reasoned that chemically robust Ce-MOFs incorporated with spatially separated electrochemically active moieties should be intriguing materials for electrocatalytic systems. Nevertheless, the inherent microporous nature of most Ce-MOFs severely hinders the mass transfer and restricts the accessibility of reactants, which results in not only the limited utilization of active units but also poor catalytic activity. Recently, porosity engineering of MOFs has been regarded as a promising strategy to solve the issue. By selecting suitable polymeric surfactants as soft templates to guide the growth of MOF crystals, the morphology and ordered mesoporous arrays of MOFs could be facilely regulated. It is believed that the design of ordered mesoporous Ce-MOFs can improve the diffusion of guest molecules and enhance the electrocatalytic performances.Among various electrocatalytic reactions, the electrochemical reduction of nitrate (NO3 -) to ammonia (NH3) is particularly of interest. Nevertheless, the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) suppresses the Faradaic efficiency and ammonia yield. With the electronic energy level matching to the molecular orbital of nitrate, copper is regarded as a potential candidate that can rapidly adsorb nitrate at the catalytic sites and efficiently reduce nitrate. While the low porosity and limited surface-to-volume ratio result in the low metal utilization of bulk copper-based materials. By serving a Ce-MOF as a porous platform, copper ions can be decorated on the hexa-cerium nodes, and spatially separated Cu particles within nanopores of the Ce-MOF can be further obtained after electrochemical treatment. We thus reasoned that the use of chemically robust and mesoporous Ce-MOFs for the in-situ formation of Cu nanoparticles would be a promising strategy to facilitate the mass transfer of nitrate for the electrochemical ammonia production.In this study, a pluronic poly(ethylene oxide)−poly(propylene oxide)−poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO−PPO−PEO) surfactant was employed as a soft template for the formation of Ce-MOF crystals with ordered mesopores. The immobilization of copper ions on hexa-cerium nodes was further conducted by a solvothermal deposition in MOFs (SIM) method. Thereafter, in situ construction of Cu nanoparticles confined within the Ce-MOF skeleton (denoted as Cu@mesoMOF) was performed by the electroreduction method. The electrocatalytic performance for nitrate reduction to ammonia was investigated in 0.5 M Na2SO4 with 10 mM NaNO3, and chronoamperometric techniques were used to evaluate the activity. The catalyst loading of modified electrodes and the applied potential for nitrate reduction were first optimized. As a comparison, modified electrodes with Cu nanoparticles confined within the Ce-MOF without mesopores (Cu@MOF) were also performed. By providing the ordered mesopores as channels for mass transfer, the diffusion of nitrate from the external solution to the internal catalytic sites can be facilitated, and the experimental results here demonstrate that the Cu@mesoMOF thin film can achieve a higher Faradaic efficiency and better selectivity. Furthermore, a 1.8-fold ammonia production rate can be obtained for Cu@mesoMOF thin film compared to the Cu@MOF thin film, demonstrating the electrocatalytic activity is deeply influenced by the diffusion of reactants. Findings here shed light on the use of mesoporous MOFs for facilitating the mass transfer and suggest the rational design of mesoporous property can be a promising strategy to enhance the activity of MOF-based catalysts for electrocatalysis. Figure 1

Space Charge Effects on the Reaction Kinetics of Metal Exsolution and the Coalescence of Exsolved Nanoparticles

Metal exsolution reactions can be driven in fuel electrode materials under the reducing operation conditions of solid oxide cells. The process enables the synthesis of nanostructured catalysts based on the release of a fraction of reducible dopants from a perovskite host to its’ surface and the subsequent nucleation of finely dispersed oxide-supported metal nanoparticles. The performance of such catalysts strongly depends on the nanoparticle characteristics, such as the nanoparticle size and nanoparticle density.Consequently, dynamic structural and chemical changes of catalyst materials under operation conditions, oftentimes particularly affecting the catalyst surface i.e. the electrochemical interface, play a crucial role for the activity and stability of electrocatalysts. It is essential to understand the mechanistic processes that govern the material response to improve the lifetime of energy conversion devices such as water splitting catalysts or solid oxide cells.We employ epitaxial thin films with atomically defined surface morphologies to study the exsolution kinetics with respect to the mass transport of Ni dopants from the bulk to the perovskite surface. In addition, we investigate the subsequent growth and coalescence behavior of the exsolved nanoparticles during thermal reduction of the thin film samples. For this purpose, different approaches of defect-engineering are explored to investigate the role of donor-type and acceptor-type defect chemistry as well as the role of dislocations for exsolution reactions.We demonstrate that the electrostatic interactions of exsolution-active dopants with the surface potential that is correlated to the inherent surface space charge region of perovskite oxides determines the kinetics of metal exsolution in our material system. Moreover, we reveal that defects that form under the reducing reaction conditions at the surface of the perovskite support can accelerate nanoparticle clustering and hence degradation of metal exsolution catalysts. In addition, we show that dislocations may serve as preferential nucleation sites for nanoparticles during metal exsolution. Based on our findings, we derive strategies for the control of the metal exsolution dynamics and for the stabilization of exsolved nanoparticles.

Optical and Electrochemical Effects of Semiconductor Nanoparticle Clustering on Photocatalytic Water Splitting Half-Reactions

To meet increasing demands for carbon-reduction, renewable and low-emission fuel alternatives have been proposed as a replacement for carbon-intense natural gas and coal. Specifically, hydrogen and oxygen evolution have been demonstrated at the lab-scale through a room temperature water-splitting process using only water, sunlight, and suspended semiconductor nanoparticles as inputs. Recent advancements in improving the efficiency of this water-splitting process focus on methods to boost charge separation, chemical selectivity, and optical band-engineering. However, there is a growing need for demonstrations at scale that also consider nano-particle interactions as an ensemble. Additionally, Z-scheme reactor designs have motivated the study of oxidation and reduction half-reactions using charge-carrying ions as an intermediary. This work studies how photocatalytic rates of half-reactions driven by semiconductor nano-particle suspension are affected by the inevitable presence of aggregation and agglomeration. The effects of solution pH, Fe(III) concentration, input light intensity, reaction temperature, stirring and sonication, nanoparticle concentration and size, and material quality are experimentally characterized by the desired ion evolution reaction rates and external quantum yield. Additionally, the effects of these variables on the zeta potential, optical scattering, particle aggregation, and mass transport are also experimentally measured to probe ensemble behavior and nano-particle interactions. Results indicate the importance of balancing ion concentration and pH to reduce aggregation via enhanced zeta potential nanoparticle repulsion, while also avoiding competitive absorption from suspended intermediary ions and their respective pH-dependent hydrolysis states. Reaction modeling further motivates investigation into charge-transfer limitations and enhancements due to aggregation states that cannot be explained by optical effects alone.

Toroidal-dipole-resonance–induced reversal of the lateral optical force on plasmonic nanoparticle clusters

Toroidal-dipole-resonance–induced reversal of the lateral optical force on plasmonic nanoparticle clusters

Intracellular Redox Environment Determines Cancer-normal Cell Selectivity of Selenium Nanoclusters.

Elucidating the chemical structure and intracellular action mechanisms is still the critical limit for the clinical translation of nanomedicines. Intracellular redox environments originating from cell metabolism are key factors affecting internalized drug efficacy. Herein, we engineer Se-Se/Se-S bond to assemble selenium (Se) nanoclusters (SeClus) with intracellular redox environment-driven selective structure. Chemical structure analysis reveals that, the bonding of sulfur atom in intermediates to the two neighboring or interposition Se atoms in Se rings is the key internal driving force for SeClus formation. This nanocluster can be predominantly transformed to selenocysteine to facilitate selenoproteins synthesis in normal cells, while metabolize to cytotoxic SeO3 2- based on the oxidative intracellular redox environment of cancer cells. Resultantly, SeClus exhibit significant cell proliferation inhibition ability to cancer cells and impressive safety to normal cells. Taken together, this study not only clarifies the chemical nature of the atom engineering of SeClus, but also elucidates its intracellular redox environment-oriented anticancer mechanism.

Intracellular Redox Environment Determines Cancer‐normal Cell Selectivity of Selenium Nanoclusters

AbstractElucidating the chemical structure and intracellular action mechanisms is still the critical limit for the clinical translation of nanomedicines. Intracellular redox environments originating from cell metabolism are key factors affecting internalized drug efficacy. Herein, we engineer Se−Se/Se−S bond to assemble selenium (Se) nanoclusters (SeClus) with intracellular redox environment‐driven selective structure. Chemical structure analysis reveals that, the bonding of sulfur atom in intermediates to the two neighboring or interposition Se atoms in Se rings is the key internal driving force for SeClus formation. This nanocluster can be predominantly transformed to selenocysteine to facilitate selenoproteins synthesis in normal cells, while metabolize to cytotoxic SeO32− based on the oxidative intracellular redox environment of cancer cells. Resultantly, SeClus exhibit significant cell proliferation inhibition ability to cancer cells and impressive safety to normal cells. Taken together, this study not only clarifies the chemical nature of the atom engineering of SeClus, but also elucidates its intracellular redox environment‐oriented anticancer mechanism.

Surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopic study of extracellular vesicles using plasmonic gold nanoparticles

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), sub-micrometer lipid-bound particles released by most cells, are considered a novel area in both biology and medicine. Among characterization methods, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, especially attenuated total reflection (ATR), is a rapidly emerging label-free tool for molecular characterization of EVs. The relatively low number of vesicles in biological fluids (∼1010 particle/mL), however, and the complex content of the EVs’ milieu (protein aggregates, lipoproteins, buffer molecules) might result in poor signal-to-noise ratio in the IR analysis of EVs. Exploiting the increment of the electromagnetic field at the surface of plasmonic nanomaterials, surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy (SEIRS) provides an amplification of characteristic IR signals of EV samples. Negatively charged citrate-capped and positively charged cysteamine-capped gold nanoparticles with around 10 nm diameter were synthesized and tested with blood-derived EVs. Both types of gold nanoparticles contributed to an enhancement of the EVs’ IR spectroscopic signature. Joint evaluation of UV-Vis and IR spectroscopic results, supported by FF-TEM images, revealed that proper interaction of gold nanoparticles with EVs is crucial, and an aggregation or clustering of gold nanoparticles is necessary to obtain the SEIRS effect. Positively charged gold nanoparticles resulted in higher enhancement, probably due to electrostatic interaction with EVs, commonly negatively charged.

Facile synthesis of Cu2O nano-microspheres anode for lithium-ion batteries

Transition metal oxide anode materials exhibit high theoretical specific capacities and can meet the energy density requirements through reasonable design. In this work, a facile wet-chemical method to fabricate Cu2O nano-microspheres anode for lithium-ion batteries with controllable size varied from 0.4 ∼ 1.2 μm is introduced, which basically using copper acetate as copper precursor and ascorbic acid as reducing agent. The solvent composition (DI water only or DI water:Ethanol = 1:1), solution alkalinity (amount of NaOH input), and synthesis temperature are investigated as factors affecting the size and morphology of Cu2O nano-microspheres. The samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope. Nanoparticle cluster structure is observed in the reaction product with the bi-solvent system. With the optimized synthesis condition, the prepared Cu2O anode (size of ∼ 455 ± 41 nm) delivers an initial discharge capacity of 539 mAh/g at a current density of 0.5C, 100 cycles of cyclic discharge at 0.5C with a capacity retention rate of 84.73 %. At the current density of 2C, the specific capacity is 347 mAh/g. Even at a large current density of 5C, the specific capacity is still as high as 219 mAh/g, indicating good rate capability.

Investigation the structural and surface characteristics of irradiated flexible polymeric nanocomposites films

This study is to investigate the surface and structural characteristics of the pure and irradiated novel PEO/NiO composite by subjecting the films to argon ions with different ion beam fluencies. The structural characteristics were studied by the EDX and FTIR techniques, while the surface was investigated by SEM technique. The FTIR showed a notable decrease in the peak intensity for the bombarded composite, due to the functional groups with hydrophilic characteristics and the occurrence of chain scission processes. The PEO/NiO composite demonstrates a consistent structure without any nanoparticle clusters, as depicted in the SEM image of PEO/NiO. Moreover, the electrical conductivity for the pure and the irradiated samples were determined. Exposing the composite PEO/NiO to a fluence of 15×1016 ions.cm-2, increasing the conductivity from 7.5×10–8 S/cm to 8.4×10–7 S/cm. By increasing ion fluence from 5×1016 to 15×1016 ions.cm-2. The contact angle is decreased from 81.15o to 72.22o for water, while is decreased from 74.32o to 62.20o for diiodomethane. Moreover, the surface wettability and the adhesion force were determined from the data of the contact angle. The work of adhesion of water increases from 84.37 to 94.16 mJ/m2 and for dioodomethane from 64.52 to 74.49 mJ/m2 , respectively, by increasing ion fluence from 5×1016 to 15×1016 ions.cm-2. This suggests that, in comparison to a unirradiated surface, the increase in 𝑊𝑊𝑎𝑎 is the result of surface cleanliness following radiationThe results of this study show the opportunities for utilizing these irradiated materials in the fields of coating and printing applications.