Clustering Of MetS Components Research Articles

Subclass distribution of low-density lipoprotein triglyceride and the clustering of metabolic syndrome components in Japanese children.

Recent studies demonstrated that low-density lipoprotein-tryglyceride (LDL-TG) may represent another marker of cardiovascular risks. We therefore measured LDL-TG including the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subclass distribution and investigated the association between LDL-TG subclass profile and the clustering of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components and insulin resistance in Japanese children. The study included 237 schoolchildren (boys 115, girls 122). Four subclasses of low-density lipoprotein-tryglyceride (large, medium, small, and very small) was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. Total LDL-TG and TG levels in LDL subclasses were evaluated among four MetS component groups; non-abdominal obesity, abdominal obesity, pre-MetS, and MetS. Total LDL-TG (P = 0.0003, P = 0.0175) and triglyceride levels in LDL subclasses were significantly different among four MetS component groups (large: P = 0.0002, P = 0.0084; medium: P = 0.0009, P = 0.0491; small: P =0.0025, P = 0.0509; very small: P = 0.0808, P = 0.0228; boys and girls, respectively). Total LDL-TG (r = 0.411, P < 0.0001, r = 0.378. P < 0.0001) and triglyceride levels in LDL subclasses correlated positively with the homeostasis model of assessment ratio (large: r = 0.396, P < 0.0001, r = 0.346, P < 0.0001; medium: r = 0.274, P = 0.0030, r = 0.228, P = 0.0115; small: r = 0.342, P = 0.0002, r = 0.292, P = 0.0011; very small: r = 0.385, P < 0.0001, r = 0.426, P < 0.0001, boys and girls, respectively). Subclass distribution of LDL-TG was significantly associated with the clustering of MetS components in both sexes, and insulin resistance is a significant determinant of LDL-TG in all LDL subclasses. Lipoprotein-tryglyceride subclass analysis, rather than LDL-C, may provide a precise evaluation for cardiovascular disease risks in children with MetS.

Prevalence and Related Factors of Metabolic Syndrome in Beijing, China (Year 2017)

Objective: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is one of the major public health problems worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and associated risk factors of MetS in Beijing to formulate targeted policies. Methods: Data from the 2017 Beijing Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance were used in this study, in which multistage stratified cluster sampling was adopted to collect a representative sample of 12,597 Beijing residents aged from 18 to 79 years. According to the definition of the International Diabetes Federation, the weighted prevalence of MetS and clustering of MetS components were estimated. The Rao-Scott adjusted χ² test was used to test differences in MetS and components rates, and complex sampling unconditional logistic regression was used to explore influencing factors of MetS. Results: The prevalence of MetS was 25.59% (95% CI 23.77–27.41), and the proportion of men and women was 30.53% (95% CI 28.32–32.75) and 20.44% (95% CI 18.29–22.58), respectively. The proportion of central obesity, high fasting plasma glucose, high triglyceride, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high blood pressure (BP) was 42.02, 27.96, 32.87, 27.25, and 43.06%, respectively. A total of 29.60% (95% CI 27.55–31.74) participants presented at least three components of MetS. The results from complex sampling unconditional logistic regression revealed that the risk factors for having MetS included being 45–59 years old, being 60–79 years old, being male, living in a rural area, education with junior middle school level, education with primary school or below level, harmful use of alcohol, inappropriate sleep time, and having an unhealthy waist-to-height ratio (WHtR); the OR values were 1.55 (95% CI 1.32–1.81), 1.94 (95% CI 1.62–2.31), 1.51 (95% CI 1.34–1.70), 1.27 (95% CI 1.06–1.52), 1.38 (95% CI 1.13–1.68), 1.44 (95% CI 1.13–1.84), 1.50 (95% CI 1.14–1.99), 1.23 (95% CI 1.10–1.37), and 238.20 (95% CI 92.54–613.12), respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of MetS is still in a rising trend in Beijing. Strategies aimed at prevention and control of high BP should be prioritized to reduce the occurrence of MetS. WHtR is more important to evaluate MetS. Health education and personalized lifestyle intervention should be promoted to keep a healthy WHtR and waist circumference. An appropriate sleep time should be kept, and harmful alcohol drinkers should limit or abstain from alcohol.

Sex differences in the association of metabolic syndrome with low back pain among middle-aged Japanese adults: a large-scale cross-sectional study

BackgroundAlthough some recent studies have indicated an association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and musculoskeletal disease, little is known about the association of MetS with low back pain (LBP). The present study aimed to investigate sex differences in the association of MetS and the clustering of MetS components with LBP among middle-aged Japanese individuals.MethodsStudy subjects were 45,192 adults (30,695 men, 14,497 women) aged 40–64 years who underwent annual health checkups conducted from April 2013 to March 2014. MetS was defined according to the criteria of the Examination Committee of Criteria for MetS in Japan as abdominal obesity plus at least two of dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, or high blood glucose. Information on LBP and health-related lifestyles were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Logistic regression modeling was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for LBP.ResultsAfter adjusting for age and lifestyle factors, the OR of MetS for LBP was 1.15 (95% CI 0.95–1.40) in men and 2.16 (95% CI 1.32–3.53) in women. Compared to subjects without abdominal obesity, the presence of abdominal obesity significantly increased the OR for LBP among men (abdominal obesity only: OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.02–1.76; abdominal obesity plus one component: OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.01–1.52; abdominal obesity plus two or more components: OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.02–1.55). Among women, adding other components of MetS to abdominal obesity significantly increased ORs for LBP (abdominal obesity only: OR 1.70, 95% CI 0.94–3.08; abdominal obesity plus one component: OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.06–2.60; abdominal obesity plus two or more components: OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.41–3.78).ConclusionsThis large-scale cross-sectional study indicated that MetS was significantly associated with LBP among women only and that a sex-difference existed in the association between the clustering of MetS components and LBP. Clustering of MetS components by sex may need to be considered for the prevention of LBP, although further prospective studies are needed to clarify the causality.

Effects of insulin resistance on the association between the circulating retinol-binding protein 4 level and clustering of pediatric cardiometabolic risk factors.

Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and insulin resistance (IR) are clinical parameters associated with cardiometabolic diseases. The mediating and modifying roles of IR on children's susceptibility to cardiometabolic disorders are undetermined. This study investigated the mediating and modifying effects of the homeostatic model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) on the relationship between the serum RBP4 level and clustering of pediatric cardiometabolic risk factors. We assessed the diet, physical activity, cardiometabolic risk factors, and clinical parameters of 272 randomly selected adolescents from a large-scale cross-sectional study (n = 2727). Two HOMA-IRs (HOMA1-IR and HOMA2-IR) were used to evaluate the designated effects. Levels of serum RBP4 positively correlated with the levels of the 2 HOMA-based-IRs, and HOMA-IR correlated to all components of pediatric metabolic syndrome (MetS), the number of abnormal components, and a body-weight-weighted principal component score extracted from 12 cardiometabolic risk factors. Increased RBP4 levels had positive effects on waist circumference (WC), triglyceride, and the number of abnormal MetS components (0.310 cm, 1.384 μg/dL, and 0.021 item elevations, respectively), and the HOMA-IRs explained 17.7% to 21.9%, 11.8% to 27.6%, and 23.8% to 25.0% of these effects. The association of WC and the number of abnormal MetS components with the serum RBP4 level was enhanced by higher HOMA-IR (β for interaction, 0.13 and 0.01 for HOMA1-IR, and 0.32 and 0.02 for HOMA2-IR, respectively). HOMA-IR is associated with the circulating RBP4 level and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents. Pediatric HOMA-IR may have mediating and modifying effects on the positive correlations between RBP4 and the clustering of MetS components.

Increased waist circumference is the main driver for the development of the metabolic syndrome in South African Asian Indians

There is no current evidence available on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in South African Asian Indians, who are at high risk for cardiovascular disease. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of the MetS in this group, between males and females, as well as in the different age-groups, using the harmonised criteria and determined the main components driving the development of MetS. Design and methodsThis cross-sectional study recruited randomly selected community participants between the ages of 15 and 65 years, in the community of Phoenix, in KwaZulu-Natal. All subjects had anthropometric variables and blood pressure measured, as well as blood drawn for blood glucose and lipids after overnight fasting. The MetS was determined using the harmonised criteria. ResultsThere were 1378 subjects sampled, mean age 45.5±13years and 1001 (72.6%) women. The age standardised prevalence for MetS was 39.9% and significantly higher (p<0.001) in women (49.9% versus 35.0% in men). The MetS was identified in 6.9% of young adults (15–24 years), with a four-fold increase in the 25–34year olds, and 60.1% in the 55–64year old group. Clustering of MetS components was present in all age-groups, but increased with advancing age. The independent contributors to the MetS were increased waist circumference, raised triglycerides and obesity.This study highlights the high prevalence of MetS in this ethnic group and the emergence of MetS in our younger subjects. Urgent population-based awareness campaigns, focussing on correcting unhealthy lifestyle behaviours should begin in childhood.

Composition of Metabolic Syndrome Among Korean Adults in a Lifestyle Modification Intervention

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to examine the composition of metabolic syndrome (MetS) components among middle-aged and older Koreans. MethodsA total of 263 participants (age 40 + years) in a lifestyle modification intervention program who met the MetS definition of National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) – Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III criteria were included in the study. The frequent patterns and clustering of MetS components were investigated. Clustering of changes in individual components, through a lifestyle modification intervention, was also identified. All characteristics were stratified by and compared between sexes. ResultsApproximately 80% of the participants had three of five MetS risk factors at baseline. The prevalence of each risk differed by sex. MetS composition patterns that do not include low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol were more noticeable in men because of the low prevalence of low HDL cholesterol. In women, with higher prevalence of low HDL cholesterol, more patterns that include low HDL cholesterol were observed. The most common combination was “elevated blood pressure + abdominal obesity + impaired fasting glucose” in both sexes. Clustering of MetS risks was also found with most of the frequent combinations of MetS components. Through the lifestyle intervention, the greatest change was observed in HDL cholesterol among men and blood pressure among women. Triglycerides and HDL cholesterol were likely to be improved with blood pressure in men and abdominal obesity in women. ConclusionDifferences in the prevalent patterns of MetS compositions were observed prior to and after the intervention, along with during-intervention changes. It is recommended that intervention strategies and guidelines for MetS management consider the MetS composition patterns for effectiveness.

Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction, Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

Objective To define the impact of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and obesity on coronary vascular function, with the hypothesis that subjects with MetS will have endothelial dysfunction. Background: Obesity or the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with a higher risk of diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD). Endothelial dysfunction is a common causal pathway in the initiation and progression of CAD. Methods: A total of 418 patients (165 obese, 239 MetS) with and without angiographic evidence of CAD underwent coronary vascular function testing by measuring coronary blood flow (CBF) velocity in response to intracoronary infusion of acetylcholine (ACH) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and coronary flow reserve with adenosine. Results: Endothelium-dependent microvascular vasodilation correlated with BMI (r=-0.12, p=0.02), with ACH responses significantly lower in overweight, obese and MetS subjects (p=0.003). The number of MetS components correlated with the response to ACH in both the coronary microcirculation and the epicardial coronary arteries, and with impaired coronary microcirculatory responses to adenosine. No significant correlation was observed with SNP. In multivariable analysis, beyond age, only the total number of MetS components, and not BMI, emerged as an independent predictor of impaired microvascular response to ACH (CBF: β=−0.18, P<0.001). Low-grade inflammation (C-reactive protein) was higher in patients with MetS, but was not associated with coronary vascular function. Conclusions: We demonstrate that the clustering of MetS components is an important and independent determinant of coronary endothelial dysfunction in subjects with and without CAD.

Epidemiological characteristics of metabolic syndrome among Kazakh children aged from 6 to 13 in Xinjiang, China

This study was designed to evaluate the epidemiology and clinical characteristics on metabolic syndrome (MetS) among overweight and obese children aged from 6 to 13 years old in Kazakh ethnic populations. Based on the data including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure measured from the 'Kazakh ethnic child Health examination study in Yili', 5360 Kazakh children aged 6 - 13 were screened for overweight and obesity in Xinjiang, using the Chinese BMI cutoffs for schoolchildren (7 - 18 years) and WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents (6 year). Simultaneously a group of children with normal BMI were selected as the control group. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin (FINS), serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) were examined. HOMA-IR index was calculated to estimate the individual insulin resistance. Children under study were older than or equal to 10 years and met the criteria according to the definition of metabolic syndrome, prophylaxis and treatment on Chinese children and adolescents, proposed by the Society of Pediatrics in China or NCEP-ATPIII definition as MetS. Risk factors related to cardiovascular diseases were analyzed according to the criteria by the Society of Pediatrics among those aged from 6 to 10 years old children. Connection between waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and biochemical indexes was explored. Prevalence rates of MetS according to the criteria from Society of Pediatrics in China were: 0%, 9.57%, 19.64% in the normal weight, overweight and obese children, respectively. The rates diagnosed by NCEP-ATPIII definition were 0.64%, 2.61%, 16.07% respectively. The detective rates of individual MetS component among obese children were: 78.95% for abdominal obesity, 29.82% for elevated BPs, 26.32% for high TG, 22.81% for low HDL-C, 0.88% for FPG. High TG (31.15%), abdominal obesity (23.77%) and low HDL-C (22.95%) appeared as the leading three abnormal indices among the overweight children. With increased BMI, the clustering of MetS components were also remarkably increasing. The detective rates of cardiovascular-related risk factors among overweight or obesity children from 6 to 10 years old were:abdominal obesity or obesity, low HDL-C, high TG, impaired FPG, elevated BPs. Differences were seen between overweight or obesity children and normal weight children on the detective rates of high TG, low HDL-C, abdominal obesity or obesity. WHtR was related with FINS, HOMA-IR index and LDL-C. MetS seemed epidemic among obese Hazakh children. Abdominal obesity, elevated BPs and high TG were the leading three abnormal factors among obese children. Compare to NCEP-ATPIII, abnormal biochemical indices on overweight Kazakh children seemed to be more sensitive, proposed by the Society of Pediatrics in China.

A decision tree-based approach for identifying urban-rural differences in metabolic syndrome risk factors in the adult Korean population.

The purpose of this study was to explore the difference in the pattern of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in urban and rural populations in Korea using data mining techniques. In total, 1013 adults >30 yr of age from urban (184 males and 313 females) and rural districts (211 males and 305 females) were recruited from Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. Modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria were used to identify individuals with MetS. We applied a decision tree analysis to elucidate the differences in the clustering of MetS components between the urban and rural populations. The prevalence of MetS was 33.2% and 35.2% in urban and rural districts, respectively (p=0.598). The decision-tree approach revealed that the combination of high serum triglycerides (TG) + high systolic blood pressure (SBP), high TG + low HDL cholesterol, and high waist circumference (WC) + high SBP + high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were strong predictors of MetS in the urban population, whereas the combination of TG + SBP + WC and SBP + WC + FPG showed high positive predictive value for the presence of MetS in the rural population. Although no significant difference was found for the prevalence of MetS between the two populations, the differences in the clustering pattern of MetS components in urban and rural districts in Korea were identified by decision tree analysis. Our findings may serve as a basis to design necessary population-based intervention programs for prevention and progression of MetS and its complications in Korea.

Clustering of Metabolic Syndrome Components Attenuates Coronary Plaque Regression During Intensive Statin Therapy in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome

The JAPAN-ACS (Japan Assessment of Pitavastatin and Atorvastatin in Acute Coronary Syndrome) trial showed that intensive statin therapy could induce significant coronary plaque regression in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We evaluated the impact of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components on coronary plaque regression in the JAPAN-ACS patients. Serial intravascular ultrasound measurements over 8-12 months were performed in 242 ACS patients receiving pitavastatin or atorvastatin. Patients were divided into groups according to the presence of MetS or the number of MetS components. Although the percent change in plaque volume (%PV) was not significantly different between the MetS (n=119) and non-MetS (n=123) groups (P=0.50), it was significantly associated with an increasing number of MetS components (component 0: -24.0%, n=7; components 1: -20.8%, n=31; components 2: -16.1%, n=69; components 3: -18.7%, n=83; components 4: -13.5%, n=52; P=0.037 for trend). The percent change in body mass index (%BMI) significantly correlated with %PV (r=0.15, P=0.021), especially in the MetS components 4 group (r=0.35, P=0.017). In addition, %BMI was an independent predictor of plaque regression after adjustment for the changes of low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and HbA(1c). The clustering of MetS components, but not the presence of MetS itself, could attenuate coronary plaque regression during intensive statin therapy in ACS patients. Therefore, to achieve a greater degree of plaque regression, it is necessary to treat to each MetS component and use lifestyle modification.

Fatty Liver and Metabolic Syndrome in Nonabdominally Obese Taiwanese Adults

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between fatty liver (FL), abdominal obesity, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). A total of 3058 adults who underwent health examinations in 2005 were enrolled. MetS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Educational Program's Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. The relationship between FL, abdominal obesity, and MetS was analyzed using multiple logistic regression. The authors found that participants with FL alone [FL(+)/abdominal obesity(-)] had a significantly higher odds ratio for hyperglycemia (odds ratio [OR] = 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.5-3.3), hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.6-3.0), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.6-3.2) and a clustering of MetS components (OR = 2.5; 95% CI = 1.8-3.4) compared with participants with only abdominal obesity [FL(-)/abdominal obesity(+)]. Participants who had FL and abdominal obesity [FL(+)/abdominal obesity(+)] had the highest odds ratio for developing MetS and its components. It is concluded that FL is associated with the components of MetS independent of abdominal obesity. For nonabdominally obese patients, FL provides important information on MetS.

PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN INDIVIDUALS WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME: FINDINGS FROM THE ISFAHAN HEALTHY HEART PROGRAM: PP.5.197

Aim: Pharmacological therapy is a critical step in the management of individuals with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) when lifestyle modifications can not to achieve the therapeutic goals. However, it is well-documented that other than weight loss, there is no single best therapy, and the treatment should consist of treatment of individual components of the MetS. The objective of this study was to investigate treatment of individual components of the MetS among a population –based sample of individuals with the clustering of those components of the MetS. Methods: A cross-sectional survey population-based examined a randomly collected sample of men and women living in three counties in central Iran participating in the baseline survey of a community –based program in 2000–2001. A questionnaire was completed for all participants to collect data regarding their demographic characteristics, medical status and history of medication use. In this study we determined the association between clustering of MetS components and pharmacological treatment of cardiovascular risk factors. Results: The most common pharmacologic agent received by individuals with MetS were beta blockers (72.8%) used for controlling high blood pressure, followed by lipid lowering agents (36%) without significant difference in trend of gender. Conclusion: Our results exhibited a high level of compliance with drug treatment. Further research is needed to better elucidate the compliance behavior of patients who have been diagnosed with MetS.

Metabolic Syndrome Clusters and the Risk of Incident Stroke

Little is known about the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the risk of incident stroke. This study is designed to identify particular clusters of MetS components that carry the highest risk of incident stroke. We analyzed the public use data from the population-based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study. At baseline, 14 993 stroke-free middle-aged individuals were followed-up over 9 years for incident stroke. MetS components were defined according to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association criteria. Incident stroke was identified using a standardized incident events identification and classification protocol. Proportional hazard models were used to assess the RRs and 95% CIs of ischemic stroke associated with MetS and its different clusters. At baseline, the prevalence of MetS was 39%. The mean age was 54, with 26% blacks and 55% females. The hazard ratio of incident ischemic stroke associated with MetS among women (hazard ratio, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.69 to 3.49) and men (hazard ratio, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.56-2.85) was similar. There was a dose-response relationship between the numbers of MetS components and the risk of incidence stroke. Persons with either elevated blood pressure or elevated fasting glucose in the clusters to form a MetS had the highest risk for incident stroke (hazard ratio, 2.74-4.16 comparing to the reference group) than MetS without these 2 components (hazard ratio, </=2.00 comparing to the reference group). The data support the need to target MetS, especially MetS, with these 2 highest risk components (elevated blood pressure or elevated fasting glucose) in the clusters.

Metabolic Syndrome Is Associated With Silent Ischemic Brain Lesions

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a recognized risk factor for stroke, but it is unclear whether MetS is also related to subclinical ischemic lesions. We examined the association of MetS with the prevalence of silent brain infarction, periventricular hyperintensity, and subcortical white matter lesions in healthy adults. We conducted a cross-sectional study in 1151 Japanese healthy subjects. Three types of silent lesions were assessed by MRI scans. MetS was diagnosed using the criteria by the National Cholesterol Education Adult Treatment Panel III. After adjusting for age and other factors, MetS was significantly associated with silent brain infarction, periventricular hyperintensity and subcortical white matter lesions. Among the MetS components, elevated blood pressure was commonly associated with all types of lesions. Dyslipidemia and elevated fasting glucose levels were associated with subcortical white matter lesions and periventricular hyperintensities, respectively. Positive trends were observed between the number of MetS components and prevalence of silent lesions. MetS is associated with the prevalence of silent lesions independent of other risk factors. The clustering of MetS components tends to increase the prevalence of silent lesions.

Association of serum NO x level with clustering of metabolic syndrome components in middle-aged and elderly general populations in Japan

The aim of this study was to determine whether the serum nitrite plus nitrate (NO( x )) level correlates with biomarkers that are known components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Serum NO( x ) levels were measured using a commercial kit in 608 Japanese men and women between the ages of 39 and 85 years. Multivariate adjustments for age, smoking status, alcohol consumption and exercise were made in the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The components of the metabolic syndrome were defined based on the following criteria: body mass index (BMI) >/=25.0 kg/m(2), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) >/=5.6%, systolic blood pressure >/=130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure >/=85 mmHg, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) </=1.03 mmol/l for men and </=1.29 mmol/l for women and triglyceride >/=1.69 mmol/l. The logarithmically transformed age-adjusted serum NO( x ) (lnNO( x )) value was significantly higher in the low HDL-C group (1.76 +/- 0.05 mumol/l; p < 0.05) than MetS component groups (1.65 +/- 0.01 mumol/l) in men, but no difference was found in women. The means of serum lnNO( x ) after multivariate adjustment were 1.64, 1.65, 1.64, 1.66, and 1.81 mumol/l for 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4-5 MetS components for all subjects, respectively. The results of ANCOVA confirmed that the serum lnNO( x ) level was significantly correlated with the clustering of MetS components in both men and women (p < 0.0001 for trend). Our results suggest that an increase in the clustering of MetS components was associated with the increase in serum NO levels in our general population.

Abdominal obesity exhibits distinct effect on inflammatory and anti-inflammatory proteins in apparently healthy Japanese men

BackgroundSince visceral fat tissue is known to release various inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, abdominal obesity may play a key role in the inflammation associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, few studies have determined precise relationships of abdominal obesity with inflammatory markers in MetS. To clarify the importance of abdominal obesity in sub-clinical inflammation, we examined the changes of inflammatory markers in clustering of MetS components with or without abdominal obesity.MethodsSubjects consisted of 326 apparently healthy Japanese men (age: 30 to 59 years) who underwent health examination in the Osaka University Health Care Center. MetS components were assessed and serum levels of high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin (IL)-6 and adiponectin were examined in all subjects.ResultsSubjects with abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥ 85 cm) showed higher serum hs-CRP and IL-6 levels and a lower adiponectin level than those without abdominal obesity. Serum levels of hs-CRP and IL-6 significantly increased in association with clustering of MetS components in the subjects with abdominal obesity, but not in those without abdominal obesity. On the other hand, serum adiponectin level exhibited a little change with clustering of MetS components in the subjects with abdominal obesity. Significant negative correlation between adiponectin and hs-CRP was observed in the subjects with abdominal obesity, however this correlation was not detected in obese subjects defined by body mass index ≥ 25.ConclusionInflammatory status is not exaggerated by clustering of MetS components in the subjects without abdominal obesity. Abdominal obesity may exhibit distinct effect on inflammatory and anti-inflammatory proteins and modulate inflammatory network in MetS.