Increased waist circumference is the main driver for the development of the metabolic syndrome in South African Asian Indians

Abstract

There is no current evidence available on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in South African Asian Indians, who are at high risk for cardiovascular disease. The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of the MetS in this group, between males and females, as well as in the different age-groups, using the harmonised criteria and determined the main components driving the development of MetS. Design and methodsThis cross-sectional study recruited randomly selected community participants between the ages of 15 and 65 years, in the community of Phoenix, in KwaZulu-Natal. All subjects had anthropometric variables and blood pressure measured, as well as blood drawn for blood glucose and lipids after overnight fasting. The MetS was determined using the harmonised criteria. ResultsThere were 1378 subjects sampled, mean age 45.5±13years and 1001 (72.6%) women. The age standardised prevalence for MetS was 39.9% and significantly higher (p<0.001) in women (49.9% versus 35.0% in men). The MetS was identified in 6.9% of young adults (15–24 years), with a four-fold increase in the 25–34year olds, and 60.1% in the 55–64year old group. Clustering of MetS components was present in all age-groups, but increased with advancing age. The independent contributors to the MetS were increased waist circumference, raised triglycerides and obesity.This study highlights the high prevalence of MetS in this ethnic group and the emergence of MetS in our younger subjects. Urgent population-based awareness campaigns, focussing on correcting unhealthy lifestyle behaviours should begin in childhood.