Cloxacillin Research Articles

Stability of cloxacillin IV solution

Stability of cloxacillin IV solution

Cloxacillin

Cloxacillin

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models of the antistaphylococcal effects of meropenem and cloxacillin in vitro and in experimental infection

The efficacies of meropenem (MPM) and cloxacillin (CLC) against two Staphylococcus aureus strains were established in vitro. A pharmacodynamic model equation, based on the concept that the killing rate depends on concentration and time, was fitted to the numbers of CFU. The parameters of the equation are maximum killing rate, time point of maximum killing, and 50% effective concentration (EC50). The EC50s for the two strains were 0.047 and 0.040 mg/liter, respectively, for MPM and 0.105 and 0.121 mg/liter, respectively, for CLC. Calculated values of the parameters were used to predict the numbers of CFU at exponentially decreasing concentrations in vitro as well as in an experimental infection model. The prediction for in vitro conditions gave a satisfactory fit (R2, between 0.862 and 0.894). In vivo the numbers were predicted with the assumption that killing rate in vivo is proportional to that in vitro (R2, between 0.731 and 0.973). The proportionality factor ranged between 0.23 and 0.42; this variation was due mainly to covariation with growth rates in control animals, without other significant differences between antibiotics or strains.

Cloxacillin

Cloxacillin

Cloxacillin

Cloxacillin

Analysis of ampicillin, cloxacillin and their related substances in capsules, syrups and suspensions by high-performance liquid chromatography

An assay method for the simultaneous determination of ampicillin (AMP) and cloxacillin (CLOX) from pharmaceutical preparations has been developed for assessment of product quality. It utilizes isocratic HPLC employing an ion-pairing solvent system. The chromatographic conditions comprised a reversed-phase C18 column (100 × 2 mm id) with a mobile phase of acetonitrile–20 mmol l–1 aqueous phosphate buffer (15 + 85) of pH 2.0 incorporating 100 mmol l–1 sodium dodecyl sulfate. The flow rate was 0.4 cm3 min–1 and UV detection was used at 230 nm. A photodiode array detector was used for examination of peak homogeneity. The method has been validated according to current guidelines including assay of pharmacopoeial standard Ampiclox capsules, syrups and neonatal suspensions. In addition to determination of the active ingredients, AMP and CLOX, the method is capable of simultaneously detecting manufacturing precursors and acid hydrolysis decomposition products of both drugs.

Cloxacillin

Cloxacillin

Cloxacillin

Cloxacillin

Effect of polyurethane catheters and bacterial biofilms on the in-vitro activity of antimicrobials against Staphylococcus epidermidis

The effect of two polyurethane [“Cavafix Certo” (CAV); ‘Viacath’ (VIA)] catheters on the in-vitro activity of amikacin (AN), clindamycin (CM), cloxacillin (CX), ciprofloxacin (CIP), vancomycin (VA), teicoplanin (TEI) and daptomycin (DAP) against slime producing and non-producing Staphylococcus epidermidis strains was determined using a microdilution assay. None of the antimicrobial agents was significantly affected in the presence of the catheters. The susceptibility of S. epidermidis attached to CAV and VIA catheters was also evaluated. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were similar when planktonic and attached bacteria were compared. Minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) markedly increased in the presence of 6 and 48 h bacterial biofilms. These increases in MBC values occurred when either slime producing or non-producing strains were used, and in most cases were higher for CAV catheters than for VIA catheters. This phenomenon was shown not to be due to differences in bacterial adherence. It is concluded that the in-vitro bactericidal activity of certain antimicrobials markedly decreased when bacteria adhered to plastic catheters, but this effect could have been dependent partially on the nature of the catheters.

Cloxacillin

Cloxacillin

Cloxacillin

Cloxacillin

Cloxacillin

Cloxacillin

Cloxacillin reduces craniotomy costs

Cloxacillin reduces craniotomy costs

Lomoparan does not interact with cloxacillin or ticarcillin

Lomoparan does not interact with cloxacillin or ticarcillin

Cloxacillin

Cloxacillin

Infections in Patients in Intensive Care Units: Can the Combination of a Monobactam and a Penicillin Replace the Classic Combination of a β-Lactam Agent and an Aminoglycoside?

An open, comparative, randomized study was performed in two medical intensive care units to compare the efficacy of the combination of aztreonam and either cloxacillin or oxacillin [(cl)oxacillin] with that of the combination of tobramycin and a cephalosporin. Of the 92 patients who were included in the study, 76 were evaluable. All patients suffered from severe, mostly pulmonary, infections and received ventilatory support. The aztreonam combination yielded an 80% rate of clinical cure; mortality was 15%. Use of the aminoglycoside combination resulted in a 51% rate of clinical cure; mortality was 23%. The difference in cure rate between the two combinations was statistically significant. Adverse effects were negligible in patients who received the aztreonam combination, and superinfection was seen in only 2%. Of the patients who received the aminoglycoside combination, 20% developed a superinfection and 11% developed a new renal insufficiency. Therefore, the combination of aztreonam and (cl)oxacillin is a valuable alternative to the combination of an aminoglycoside and a cephalosporin.

Cloxacillin

Cloxacillin

Cloxacillin

Cloxacillin

Cloxacillin

Cloxacillin

Cloxacillin

Cloxacillin