Cloud Zone Research Articles

Maximum Cloud Zone Monitoring through INSAT Outgoing Long Wave Radiation (OLR) data

Maximum Cloud Zone Monitoring through INSAT Outgoing Long Wave Radiation (OLR) data

Instabilities of a circular moderately dense particle cloud impacted by an incident shock

Shock-driven gas-particle flows exist in a wide variety of physical systems, covering the range from dilute to dense regime. There are a lot of fundamental questions remaining to be answered, like the evolutions of flow instability, two-phase interactions, and inter-particle collision effects. In this work, the Eulerian-Lagrangian approach with gas-particle four-way coupling is applied to model two-dimensional shock-driven gas-particle flow under the moderately dense regime. For the gas flow, the formation mechanism of primary and secondary vortexes is discussed. The primary vortex is caused by the roll-up of slip line, while the secondary vortexes are induced by the velocity and density difference between the penetrating flow of particle-laden zone and the outside mainstream. Parametric studies of different Mach numbers, particle diameters and initial volume fractions have been performed to investigate the effects on shock behaviours and slip line instabilities. For the particle phase, a high-volume-fraction compression region forms at the upstream cloud zone, which blocks the penetrating gas, and results in the formation of slip line. The cloud tail is mainly composed of the upstream edge particles. The inter-particle collisions have impact on the particle distributions, and greatly affect the slip line stability at the upstream cloud edge. This work provides valuable insights into the instability mechanism of compressible gas-solid flow and the particle dispersion behaviours. However, it is important to note that our analysis is based on a two-dimensional configuration. In a real three-dimensional context, the generation of vortices is likely to differ, and may affect the particle dynamics to a certain degree.

Characterizing the supra- and subsolidus processes that generated the Current PGE-Cu-Ni deposit, Thunder Bay North Intrusive Complex, Canada: insights from trace elements and multiple S isotopes of sulfides.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00126-023-01193-9.

A Uniformity Index for Precipitation Particle Axis Ratios Derived from Radar Polarimetric Parameters for the Identification and Analysis of Raindrop Areas

A uniformity index for the axis ratios (Uar) derived from dual polarization weather radar data is proposed for raindrop area identification and analysis. The derivation of this new parameter is based on radar scattering simulations and assumptions. Uar is between 0 and 1 and can be calculated from the differential reflectivity (ZDR) and the copolar correlation coefficient (ρhv), which reflects the uniformity of the axis ratio (r) of the particle group. For raindrops, Uar is close to 1 under ideal conditions, but is clearly different from that of ice particles whose value is close to 0. Studies conducted during two convective weather events observed by X-band and S-band radar are presented to show the Uar features. In convective areas, high Uar presents a U-shaped vertical structure. One branch corresponds to the ZDR column, while the other branch is located at the rear of the convective cloud zone and is lower in altitude, representing the process of ice particles melting into raindrops and then being transported upward by a strong updraft. In stratiform cloud areas, a more than 95% overall identification ratio is obtained when the threshold of Uar is set to 0.2~0.3 for discriminating rain layers.

Discussion on the impact of the "Big Smart Migration Cloud Zone" on financial management and countermeasures——Based on the perspective of administrative institutions

Discussion on the impact of the "Big Smart Migration Cloud Zone" on financial management and countermeasures——Based on the perspective of administrative institutions

High moisture confluence in Japan Sea polar air mass convergence zone captured by hourly radiosonde launches from a ship

Some of the heaviest snowfalls in urban areas in the world occur in Japan, particularly in regions that face the Japan Sea. Many heavy snowfalls are produced by a Japan Sea polar air mass convergence zone (JPCZ), which is an atmospheric river-like cloud zone that forms when Siberian cold air flows over the warm Japan Sea. Quantifying how the air–sea interaction strengthens the JPCZ is key to snowfall prediction. However, until our observations with hourly meteorological balloon launches from a training vessel in 2022, no simultaneous air–sea observations targeting the JPCZ had been conducted. Our observations showed that wind direction shifted drastically by about 90 degrees from the surface to an altitude of about 3.5 km within a narrow horizontal range of about 15 km, indicating airflow convergence from the surroundings. Maximum temperature difference between surface air (3 °C) and water was 11 °C near the JPCZ centre with 17 m s−1 wind speed. Large amounts of heat, 718 W m−2, was thus gained from the warm sea. Water vapour was also concentrated by the horizontal convergence, which caused heavy snow, equivalent to 100 cm of snowfall in 7 h. The surrounding sea greatly affects moisture formation within the JPCZ.

ВЫБОР РЕЖИМА ОРОШЕНИЯ ОБЕСПЕЧИВАЮЩЕГО ПОЛУЧЕНИЕ УСТОЙЧИВЫХ УРОЖАЕВ СОИ В СУХОСТЕПНОМ ПОВОЛЖЬЕ

The article considers the results of research on the soybean irrigation regime in conditions of water scarcity. Irrigation norms of soybeans have been developed taking into account plant transpiration, evaporation from the soil surface, the amount of effective precipitation, recharge from groundwater, surface discharge, evaporation in the rain cloud zone, the volume of water necessary to create an optimal irrigation regime. The application of the developed norms and terms of irrigation will ensure the yield of soybean grain of 3.5 t / ha 2–3 times higher than from rain-fed lands.

Cloud security framework and key management services collectively for implementing DLP and IRM

A free and open-source framework management solution can help organizations as well as end-users. An agentless, completely controlled, centrally administered, and freely distributed source, cloud-based data leak control includes enhanced data loss protection management for both corporations and end-users. An Open-Source Framework in the cloud zone was used to construct the data loss prevention tool. This framework can be released under an Open License or a Free License, making it freely usable by end-users throughout the world. You can run it on any of these platforms: Linux, Windows, or UNIX. It relies on open database connectivity and MSSQL credentials for its database connectivity, although MySQL Server is used for database connectivity. As many as hundreds of individual files or thousands of multiple files can be accessed simultaneously by the Open User Data Loss Management Console, which can identify the case-sensitive information among them.

A General Performance and QoS Model for Distributed Software-Defined Environments

The landscape for cloud services and cyberinfrastructure offerings has increased drastically over the past few years. Initially, users moved their applications to the cloud to take advantage of a pay-per-usage model and on-demand access. However, as more cloud providers joined the market, users shifted their goals for using cloud computing from cost reduction to resilience, agility, and optimization. These goals can be achieved by dynamically combining services from multiple providers, for example, to avoid data center or cloud zone outages or to take advantage of extensive offerings with different price points. However, to efficiently support application deployment in this dynamic environment, new models and tools that can measure the application performance and the Quality of Service (QoS) of different configurations are required. The goal of this work is to evaluate the application performance and the QoS of a distributed Software-Defined Environment as well as calculate the QoS of alternative configurations from the underlying pool of services. In particular, we present a mathematical model and a tool for evaluating the performance and QoS of batch application workflows in a distributed environment. We experimentally evaluate the proposed model using a bioinformatics workflow running on infrastructure services from multiple cloud providers.

Improving performance of species distribution model in mountainous areas with complex topography

AbstractThis study aims to improve performance of species distribution model in mountainous areas with complex topography. Random Forest algorithm was used to evaluate distribution ranges of Trochodendron aralioides Siebold & Zucc. in northern Taiwan to identify the determinants of the plant distributions and to assess the effects of data collections on the spatial bias of model predictions. Gridded climate dataset with spatial resolution of 50 × 50 m2 for the study area was generated from daily data of 18 meteorological stations and environmental variables were interpolated by inverse distance weighted method and altitudinal adjusted by linear regression model using empirical lapse rates varied among slope inclinations. Model performances were much better when model was run with larger sizes of training datasets generated by randomized resample of presence/absence data records. Surprisingly, distribution ranges of the plant were drastically affected by marginal individuals that is likely to have reached its geographical border as well as climatic limits. Wind speed in winter and temperature differences between warmest and coldest months contributed noticeably to the model predictions. In contrast, index of cloud occurrence contributed little to the model predictions, despite T. aralioides was a characteristic species of cloud zone. The interpolated bioclimatic predictors had precisely reflected the habitat differentiation among topographical positions and accurately captured habitat requirements of plant species at fine scale. Our results presented practical and applicable example of novel interpolation method to generate gridded climate dataset that is useful to improve performance of model predictions in mountainous areas with complex topography.

A molecular phylogeny of Geotrochus and Trochomorpha species (Gastropoda: Trochomorphidae) in Sabah, Malaysia reveals convergent evolution of shell morphology driven by environmental influences.

There are currently eleven Geotrochus and four Trochomorpha species in Sabah. The primary diagnostic character that separates the two genera is the intensity of sculpture on the shell upper surface. All Trochomorpha species have a coarse nodular sculpture while Geotrochus species has a non-nodular sculpture or smooth shell. However, it is known that shell characters are often evolutionary labile with high plasticity in response to environmental factors. Hence, identifying the phylogenetic and ecological determinants for the shell characters will shed light on the shell-based taxonomy. This study aims to estimate the phylogenetic relationship between Geotrochus and Trochomorpha species in Sabah based in two mitochondrial genes (COI, 16S) and one nuclear gene (ITS) and also to examine the influence of temperature, elevation and annual precipitation on the coarseness of shell upper surface sculpture and shell sizes of the species of both genera. Additionally, we also investigated the phylogenetic signal of the shell characters. The phylogenetic analysis showed that Geotrochus and Trochomorpha species are not reciprocally monophyletic. The phylogenetic signal test suggested that shell size and upper surface sculpture are homoplastic, and these shell traits are strongly influenced by elevation and annual precipitation, particularly at the cloud zone of Mount Kinabalu. The highland species of both genera have a coarser shell surface than lowland species. The shell and aperture width decrease with increasing elevation and annual precipitation. In the view of finding above, the current taxonomy of Geotrochus and Trochmorpha in this region and elsewhere that based on shell characters need to be revised with sufficient specimens throughout the distribution range of the two genera.

Spatial Patterns and Trends in Surface Air Temperatures and Implied Changes in Atmospheric Moisture Across the Hawaiian Islands, 1905–2017

AbstractWhile the Hawaiian Islands are experiencing long‐term warming, spatial and temporal patterns are poorly characterized. Drawing on daily temperature records from 309 stations (1905–2017), we explored relationships of surface air temperatures (Tmax, Tmin, Tavg, and diurnal temperature range) to atmospheric, oceanic, and land surface variables. Statistical modeling of spatial patterns (2006–2017) highlighted the strong negative influence of elevation and moisture on air temperature and the effects of distance inland, cloud frequency, wind speed, and the local trade wind inversion on the elevation dependence of surface air temperature. We developed time series of sea level air temperature and surface lapse rate by modeling surface air temperature as a simple function of elevation and found a strong long‐term (1905–2017) warming trend in sea level Tmin, twice that of Tmax (+0.17 vs +0.07°C/decade), suggesting regional warming, possibly enhanced by urbanization and cloud cover effects. Removing this trend, sea level Tmax and Tmin tracked SST and rainfall at decadal time scales, while Tmax increased with periods of weakened trade winds. Sea level air temperatures correlated with North Pacific climate indices, reflecting the influence of regional circulation via SST, rain, clouds, and trade winds that modulate environmental warming across the Hawaiian Islands. Increasing (steeper) Tmax surface lapse rates for the 0‐ to 1,600‐m elevation range (into the cloud zone) over 1978–2017 coincide with observations of marine boundary layer drying and rising cloud base heights, suggesting a need to better understand elevation‐dependent warming in this tropical/subtropical maritime environment and associated changes to cloud formation and persistence.

Simulating Land Cover Change Impacts on Groundwater Recharge under Selected Climate Projections, Maui, Hawaiʻi

This project developed an integrated land cover/hydrological modeling framework using remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) data, stakeholder input, climate information and projections, and empirical data to estimate future groundwater recharge on the Island of Maui, Hawaiʻi, USA. End-of-century mean annual groundwater recharge was estimated under four future land cover scenarios: Future 1 (conservation-focused), Future 2 (status-quo), Future 3 (development-focused), and Future 4 (balanced conservation and development), and two downscaled climate projections: a coupled model intercomparison project (CMIP) phase 5 (CMIP5) representative concentration pathway (RCP) 8.5 “dry climate” future and a CMIP3 A1B “wet climate” future. Results were compared to recharge estimated using the 2017 baseline land cover to understand how changing land management and climate could influence groundwater recharge. Estimated recharge increased island-wide under all future land cover and climate combinations and was dominated by specific land cover transitions. For the dry future climate, recharge for land cover Futures 1 to 4 increased by 12%, 0.7%, 0.01%, and 11% relative to 2017 land cover conditions, respectively. Corresponding increases under the wet future climate were 10%, 0.9%, 0.6%, and 9.3%. Conversion from fallow/grassland to diversified agriculture increased irrigation, and therefore recharge. Above the cloud zone (610 m), conversion from grassland to native or alien forest led to increased fog interception, which increased recharge. The greatest changes to recharge occurred in Futures 1 and 4 in areas where irrigation increased, and where forest expanded within the cloud zone. Furthermore, new future urban expansion is currently slated for coastal areas that are already water-stressed and had low recharge projections. This study demonstrated that a spatially-explicit scenario planning process and modeling framework can communicate the possible consequences and tradeoffs of land cover change under a changing climate, and the outputs from this study serve as relevant tools for landscape-level management and interventions.

庆阳市连续2天短时暴雨特征及成因分析

利用Micaps常规资料以及区域气象站降水观测资料，对2016年7月9~11日庆阳市短时暴雨天气过程的环流背景、中尺度特征及物理指数进行了分析。结果表明：1) 连续2天短时暴雨发生在稳定的大陆高压脊中。低槽切变线形成中低层辐合，东部型南亚高压前部急流形成高空强辐散，高、低空系统耦合使暴雨区有较强上升运动。台风“尼伯特”和副热带高压作用下，庆阳市水汽辐合，湿层明显增厚，切变线触发高温高湿能量，造成暴雨天气。2) 地面中尺度辐合线是触发暴雨的重要因子，其与强降水有很好的对应关系。3) “7.9”过程为中小尺度对流云团在降水区的更替造成，中高层 “干侵入”、低层暖平流明显，降水强度大。“7.10”过程为中小尺度对流云团合并为中尺度对流云带经过降水区造成，强降水影响范围广，持续时间长。4) 通过分析两次过程, 发现高层显著冷平流，中低层暖平流环境，以及稳定增强的高湿高能和上干下湿的不稳定层结均有利于庆阳短时暴雨的产生。 Using the Micaps conventional data and regional meteorological stations precipitation observa-tions, the author analyzed circulation background, mesoscale characteristics and physical index of short-time rainstorm in Qingyang from 9 to 11 July 2016. The results are as follows: 1) The short-time rainstorm on 2 consecutive days occurred in the stable continental anticyclone. A convergence at mid-low level was formed by the trough shear line, and a strong divergence in the upper was formed by jet on the eastern of South Asia High, and an ascend movement was formed over the rainstorm area by coupling of high-low system. The water vapor convergence and wet layer obviously thickened in Qingyang under the interaction of Typhoon Nepartak and the subtropical high, and the shear line triggered high temperature and high humidity energy, and caused rainstorm weather. 2) The surface mesoscale convergence line was an important factor in triggering rainstorm that corresponded well with short-time strong rainfall. 3) “7.9” rainstorm was caused by mesoscale convective cloud clusters replacement in the precipitation area. Dry intrusion in middle-high level and warm advection at low level were obvious, so that stronger precipitation intensity formed. “7.10” rainstorm was caused by mesoscale convective cloud clusters that were merged into the mesoscale convective cloud zone through precipitation area, so that it had wider range of influence and longer time duration. 4) Through two analysis processes, the author found upper significant cold advection, warm advection at lower environment, stably enhanced high humidity energy, dry and caused unstable stratification were advantageous to short-time rainstorm in Qingyang.

Examining variation in the leaf mass per area of dominant species across two contrasting tropical gradients in light of community assembly.

Understanding variation in key functional traits across gradients in high diversity systems and the ecology of community changes along gradients in these systems is crucial in light of conservation and climate change. We examined inter‐ and intraspecific variation in leaf mass per area (LMA) of sun and shade leaves along a 3330‐m elevation gradient in Peru, and in sun leaves across a forest–savanna vegetation gradient in Brazil. We also compared LMA variance ratios (T‐statistics metrics) to null models to explore internal (i.e., abiotic) and environmental filtering on community structure along the gradients. Community‐weighted LMA increased with decreasing forest cover in Brazil, likely due to increased light availability and water stress, and increased with elevation in Peru, consistent with the leaf economic spectrum strategy expected in colder, less productive environments. A very high species turnover was observed along both environmental gradients, and consequently, the first source of variation in LMA was species turnover. Variation in LMA at the genus or family levels was greater in Peru than in Brazil. Using dominant trees to examine possible filters on community assembly, we found that in Brazil, internal filtering was strongest in the forest, while environmental filtering was observed in the dry savanna. In Peru, internal filtering was observed along 80% of the gradient, perhaps due to variation in taxa or interspecific competition. Environmental filtering was observed at cloud zone edges and in lowlands, possibly due to water and nutrient availability, respectively. These results related to variation in LMA indicate that biodiversity in species rich tropical assemblages may be structured by differential niche‐based processes. In the future, specific mechanisms generating these patterns of variation in leaf functional traits across tropical environmental gradients should be explored.

A Study on the Establishment of Policing Governance by Utilizing Big Data based on Cloud

Background/Objectives: This study is to confirm the possibility of crime prevention and response by analyzing crime data that is stored as separate database for each institution. This method has the advantage of faster and more accurate information sharing. Methods/Statistical Analysis: To this end, we first look over the link between Cloud and Big Data then present an efficient procedure for utilizing the proposed method by analyzing case studies of each sector in accordance with the establishment of Policing Governance. In the field of crime prevention concerning a crime, related with Policing Governance establishment. Findings: First, we collect the data related to the crime and the damage that is possessed by various agencies such as the police, criminal justice agency and others in order to expand the collection channel. Crime related data refers to the information of criminal identification, crime locations, time, and date that is possessed by public agencies, private organizations, and non-profit organizations respectively. Second, collected data is stored and categorized within each crime category in a Cloud zone for proper analyzation. Finally, analyzed data is sent to each agency for real time visual observation in need. Based on the integrated information analysis, patrols and security can be reinforced on the anticipated crime scene and time. As a result, crime prevention possibility can be enhanced through flexible operation of the police force. Application/Improvements: This is to diversify the collection channel and it also acts as a complementary measure for the disadvantages of existing system since it stores the data in a Cloud zone that allows easier access and usability. In terms of information utilization aspect, it is expected to be useful for solving and reducing crime as all the related agencies.Keywords: Big Data, Cloud, Crime Prevention, Data Mining Analysis, Policing Governance

Amnestus mendeli sp. n., the first burrower bug species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Cydnidae) recorded on Ascension Island, central Atlantic Ocean.

A new species of the genus Amnestus Dallas, 1851, Amnestus mendeli, is described from the cloud zone of Green Mountain, Ascension Island, and compared with its closest relatives, the Brazilian Amnestus lenkoi Froeschner, 1975 and Amnestus pequinus Froeschner, 1975. It is the first representative of the family Cydnidae recorded on the island thus far. The species is presumed to be an introduction from the Americas, but the hypothesis that it might be endemic to Ascension Island is also not excluded.

Characteristics of movement of low level clouds associated with onset / wet spells of northeast monsoon of Indian sub-continent as derived from high resolution INSAT OLR data

Characteristics of the northeast monsoon (NEM) have been studied utilising the outgoing long wave radiation (OLR) data derived over the north Indian Ocean and south peninsular India (SPI) from the series of Indian geostationary satellites. The contrasting feature of movement of the equatorial cloud zone from southeast to northwest direction during the onset phase of NEM has been reiterated using 1° × 1° gridded high resolution OLR data for the period 2000-2012. Presence of OLR values less than 180 Wm-2 over a large part of coastal Tamil Nadu on the date of onset and the simultaneous commencement of rainfall with clouding approaching SPI from southeast is clear from the study of superposed epoch analysis of the data. Triad means of OLR also substantiate this inference. During active spells of NEM which succeed prolonged dry spells, replication of the south to north movement of clouding by the OLR contours and the plausible reasons for such a movement have been brought out. The active monsoon situation existing over Sri Lankan region during the withdrawal phase of NEM over SPI is demonstrated with the depiction of the movement of OLR contours less than 230 Wm-2 over the region.

Study on origin of cloud zone in peals

Study on origin of cloud zone in peals

Machine Flow based Energy-Power Approximation on Elastic Cloud Services

Cloud computing offers cloud mobile services with different elasticity application. The role of elasticity in cloud mobile services offers an effective mapping application on the cloud zone that matches with the resources that can be allocated with which it actually requires. Huge number of techniques have proposed in the past using energy-aware resource allocation that used heuristics method and offered with substantial amount of cloud services but failed to enhance the energy efficient management on elastic cloud computing environments. In addition to secure the Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) guarantees the user privacy but failed to include a host trusted domain module for other cloud service providers. To attain an energy efficient system for the cloud mobile services, a method called Machine Flow based Energy-Power Approximation (MFEPA) is presented in this paper. The method MFEPA is executed for each elastic cloud services for efficient energy-power saving in the cloud mobile devices. Moreover with the design of MFEPA algorithm two objectives are attained. At first with the application of Multigrid approximation technique, the energy consumption is reduced. Next, in order to reduce the power consumption for mobile cloud services, a look-ahead control is introduced. Multiple grid (i.e.,) machines is reduced to a coarser construction, and the solution is mapped back to the inventive grid. The mapping reduces the energy during the unnecessary computing load and proves to be effective on the terminal mainframe mobile communications. The Look-ahead control in MFEPA assigns weights to all the users and decreases the power usage on the wireless interface. The power minimized up to 9.42 % averagely on different experimental results and reduces the performance degradation on the elasticity of cloud applications. MFEPA method performs the experimental work on the factors such as true positive rate, energy efficiency level, and grid mapping efficacy rate.