Closure Area Research Articles

Overexpression of VEGF in dermal fibroblast cells accelerates the angiogenesis and wound healing function: in vitro and in vivo studies

Fibroblasts are the main cells of connective tissue and have pivotal roles in the proliferative and maturation phases of wound healing. These cells can secrete various cytokines, growth factors, and collagen. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a unique factor in the migration process of fibroblast cells through induces wound healing cascade components such as angiogenesis, collagen deposition, and epithelialization. This study aimed to create VEGF165 overexpressing fibroblast cells to evaluate angiogenesis function in wound healing. In vitro, a novel recombinant expression vector, pcDNA3.1(-)-VEGF, was produced and transfected into the fibroblast cells. Following selecting fibroblast cells with hygromycin, recombinant cells were investigated in terms of VEGF expression by quantifying and qualifying methods. Mechanical, physical, and survival properties of polyurethane-cellulose acetate (PU-CA) scaffold were investigated. Finally, in vivo, the angiogenic potential was evaluated in four groups containing control, PU-CA, PU-CA with fibroblast cells, and VEGF-expressing cells on days 0, 2, 5, 12 and 15. Wound biopsies were harvested and the healing process was histopathologically evaluated on different days. qRT-PCR showed VEGF overexpression (sevenfold) in genetically-manipulated cells compared to fibroblast cells. Recombinant VEGF expression was also confirmed by western blotting. Manipulated fibroblast cells represented more angiogenesis than other groups on the second day after surgery, which was also confirmed by the antiCD31 antibody. The percentage of wound closure area on day 5 in genetically-manipulated Hu02 and Hu02 groups showed a significant reduction of wound area compared to other groups. These findings indicate that overexpression of VEGF165 in fibroblast cells results in enhanced angiogenesis and formation of granulated tissue in the early stage of the healing process, which can show its therapeutic potential in patients with impaired wound healing and also provide functional support for gene therapy.

A case of Ampferer-type subduction beneath the New Caledonia arc: Evidence for inefficient subduction of hydrated lithologies into the upper mantle

New Caledonia is one of the world’s best-exposed subduction/obduction complexes and is central to understanding the geodynamic evolution of the southwest Pacific region. We present new geochemical and Ar/Ar age dates from the in situ eruptive sequences of the La Conception basaltic-andesite lavas (ca. 29.12 Ma) and correlate the generation of these lavas with the generation of the Saint Louis and Koum/Borindi Massifs (ca. 24 Ma) to provide information on the magmatic processes operating within the mantle wedge over time and to indicate the direction of the subducted slab during the Oligocene. The La Conception basaltic-andesite lavas were emplaced in an arc-to-trench direction to the southwest of New Caledonia due to the partial melting of metasomatized, amphibole-bearing garnet peridotites at the base of mantle wedge (∼112−118 km). However, both the Saint Louis and Koum/Borindi granodiorite massifs were derived from melting within the lower crust of an island arc overlying a mantle wedge. Such temporal and spatial variations of magmatism in New Caledonia are consistent with a northeast subduction zone during the Oligocene. The absence of voluminous arc magmatism related to the Oligocene subduction is a consequence of the low Tp temperatures of the mantle wedge, the old age and the high sinking velocity of the downgoing slab, and the absence of stress within the overriding plate. The Oligocene subduction beneath New Caledonia, therefore, is an ideal example of Ampferer-type subduction, which is an amagmatic closure area due to the inefficient subduction of hydrated lithologies into the convective upper mantle. Once the Paleocene to Miocene contraction in the southwest Pacific region ceased, the subduction west of New Caledonia shut down, the system relaxed, and no more melting occurred during the Oligocene.

The antimicrobial and the antiproliferative effect of human triple negative breast cancer cells using the greenly synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles

Greenly synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were prepared from Spinacia oleracea leaf extract. They were coated with 10% polyethylene glycol (PEG) and conjugated with doxorubicin (DOX). They were characterized by UV–Vis spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). They exhibited a particle size of 29.0 ± 1.2 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.52 ± 0.05, and zeta potential of −12.3 ± 0.1 mV. The absorption spectrum of the greenly synthesized IONPs was endorsed by a characteristic peak at 450 nm. FTIR revealed that DOX conjugated to PEGylated IONPs occurred via the interaction of the –NH2 group of DOX with –OH groups of PEG through hydrogen bonding. PEGylation, as well as DOX conjugation, improved the cytotoxic activity of IONPs on triple-negative breast cancer. Cytotoxic activity of DOX conjugated to PEGylated IONPs was significantly higher than free DOX. Furthermore, the IC50 of DOX conjugated PEGylated IONPs (0.1804 μg/mL) was lower than unloaded PEGylated IONPs (0.2119 μg/mL) and uncoated IONPs (0.3817 μg/mL), which was further verified by a lower percentage of closure area in the scratch test. Moreover, the zones of microbial inhibition of PEGylated and non-PEGylated IONPs were higher than the commonly used antimicrobial agents including ampicillin and gentamycin. In conclusion, the prepared nanoparticles offer potential passive target chemotherapy with lower dose than free DOX.

UJI EFEKTIVITAS KRIM BUNGA KAMBOJA (PLUMERIA SP.) DALAM PENYEMBUHAN ULKUS KAKI DIABETIKUS

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a disease with a high number of cases. Complication of diabetes mellitus, such as diabetic foot ulcer, is rarely discussed. Treatment of diabetic foot ulcers often become a burden due to high cost, so a breakthrough is needed. Flavonoids have been reported to have benefits on wound healing. One of the plants that contain flavonoids is frangipani flower (Plumeria sp.).
 Methods: The cream made in 3 concentrations : 25%, 50%, and 75%. Cream was given to 24 rats that had been induced with alloxan. The cream will be given 2 times a day and the wound area is observed for 7 days. The rats will be euthanized and histological observations are made by hematoxylin preparations for collagen that will be analysis by ImageJ.
 Results: Wound closure and collagen area of the treated group better than the control group. The average wound closure of group I was 37.25%, group II was 75.75%, group III was 66.67%, and group IV was 61.70%. The average area of collagen in group I is 265776 pixels2, group II is 399579.5 pixels2, group III is 281749.75 pixels2, and group IV is 271382.9 pixels2.
 Discussion: The best result is group II. Increasing the dose of the cream didn’t give more significant effect so 25% dose was the maximum effective dose (MaxED). 
 Conclusion: The administration of frangipani flower extract cream (Plumeria sp.) effective for diabetic foot ulcers and the maximum effective dose was 25%. 
 Keywords: frangipani flower, diabetic foot ulcers, collagen, flavonoids

Amplified warming from physiological responses to carbon dioxide reduces the potential of vegetation for climate change mitigation

Global warming is increasing due to the ongoing rise in atmospheric greenhouse gases, and has the potential to threaten humans and ecosystems severely. Carbon dioxide, the primary rising greenhouse gas, also enhances vegetation carbon uptake, partially offsetting emissions. The vegetation physiological response to rising carbon dioxide, through partial stomatal closure and leaf area increase, can also amplify global warming, yet this is rarely accounted for in climate mitigation assessments. Using six Earth System Models, we show that vegetation physiological response consistently amplifies warming as carbon dioxide rises, primarily due to stomatal closure-induced evapotranspiration reductions. Importantly, such warming partially offsets cooling through enhanced carbon storage. We also find a stronger warming with higher leaf area and less warming with lower leaf area. Our study shows that the vegetation physiological response to elevated carbon dioxide influences local climate, which may reduce the extent of expected climate benefits offered by terrestrial ecosystems.

Development and characterization of mupirocin encapsulated in animal bone-derived hydroxyapatite for management of chronic wounds

BackgroundHydroxyapatite is an important biomedical material used in drug delivery owing to its excellent bioactivity and biocompatibility. In this study, hydroxyapatite isolated from bovine and caprine bones was capped and used as a drug carrier to encapsulate mupirocin as an active pharmaceutical product in hydrogel formulations which were utilized in wound healing application using animal model (Wistar Rats).ResultsCharacterization of the mupirocin-encapsulated hydroxyapatite using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffractometer revealed the active presence of mupirocin after encapsulation. The in-vitro drug release study revealed that the capped hydroxyapatite obtained from caprine bone loaded with mupirocin gave drug release rate of 84.67% of the drug within 75 min while conventional mupirocin ointment had the lowest at 27.04% within the same time. The capped hydroxyapatite obtained from bovine bone loaded with mupirocin had the highest encapsulation efficiency of 73.67%. However, the animals treated with formulation prepared from capped hydroxyapatite obtained from caprine bone loaded with mupirocin had the highest wound closure area of 377.8 mm2, while conventional mupirocin ointment had 231.5 mm2 in 16 days of treatment. All the formulations with mupirocin except the ointment showed excellent resistance against Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus of about 40 mm of inhibition zone.ConclusionsThe mupirocin encapsulated in hydroxyapatite extracted from bovine and caprine bones has been demonstrated to be more superior to the conventional ointment in the management of chronic wound conditions.

Penambahan Optical Distribution Point (ODP) Menggunakan Metode Branching Dalam Rancangan Jaringan Fiber To The Home (FTTH) Di Gedung G Lantai 3 Politeknik Negeri Padang

Fiber To The Home (FTTH) is a network that uses fiber optics. One of the devices on FTTH is optical distribution point (ODP). There are two methods of ODP installation, namely by connecting aerial cables directly to ODP and branching. Branching is a method of branching FTTH devices. In previous studies branching was carried out in the closure. However, in the study there was a drawback, namely the branching in the closure must be carried out by connecting fiber optic cables which requires high accuracy. Therefore, this study discusses branching in ODP with the 1: 2 passive splitter method and dropcore cable. Therefore, with this method branching can be done without connecting fiber optic cables. The result of this study is branching with a 1:2 passive splitter, one of the outputs to the ODP Closure Area of the passive splitter 1:8 has a high attenuation value when at the customer's home, which is 32.23dB, compared to other outputs in the passive splitter 1:2 directly connected to the OTB has a attenuation value of 23.53dB. In contrast to branching, using a dropcore cable to the ODP passive splitter 1:4 as a branching tool produces a attenuation value of 26.55dB, which is in accordance with the standards for all four outputs. The high attenuation value affects the quality of the network in the customer's home. Therefore, good branching is to use a dropcore cable. The allowable attenuation value in the customer's home is less than 28dB in accordance with itu-T G.984 standard.

IN VITRO CELL CYTOTOXICITY AND WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF TOPICAL FILM FORMING HYDROGEL OF PAPAIN UREA IN VERO CELLS

Wounds, whether acute or chronic, are one of the most common health problems worldwide, and medicative drugs are frequently used in wound healing. More research into wound treatment is being conducted at a rapid pace. For some wound types, enzymatic debridement of nonviable tissue remains the most effective debridement option. In theory, topical enzymes have been used in this therapy to remove necrotic tissue in the wound bed by digesting and dissolving the devitalized tissue. Papain, a plant-derived enzyme with a long history of clinical success, is one of these enzymes. The formulation of papain urea film forming gel is being used for wound repair. Vero cells were assessed in vitro for cell cytotoxicity and wound healing activity. When compared with the control, the results demonstrate significant healing activity and wound closure area. As a result of the findings of the study, the current formulation appears to be effective in healing wounds in in-vitro experiments

Venous Leg Ulcers: Potential Algorithms of Care

Management of VLUs can be challenging, depending on wound complexity, and may require the use of several treatment modalities to achieve complete wound closure or significant wound area reduction. This review presents a systematic approach to management of VLUs based on previous literature and the authors' clinical experience, with consideration given to wound size, etiology, and responses to prior treatment. Techniques described include debridement (autolytic, enzymatic, sharp/surgical), compression therapy, physical therapy, medical adjuncts, and cellular- and tissue-based therapy. The algorithm of care for VLUs is multimodal. Appropriate diagnostic studies must be performed, including venous duplex and appropriate pathophysiology to confirm the diagnosis of VLU. After the correct diagnosis is confirmed, appropriate treatment may commence. All patients should undergo appropriate wound debridement; the exact modality used is dependent on wound characteristics. Patients must also adhere to consistent compression therapy. Any underlying venous disease that is amenable to surgical intervention should be addressed. Treatment with a medical adjunct and physical therapy are recommended. For patients who do not achieve significant wound area reduction, the addition of CTP is recommended. Use of these methods should result in substantial wound area reduction and/or wound closure.

Microclimatic edge-to-interior gradients of European deciduous forests

Global forest cover is heavily fragmented. Due to high edge-to-surface ratios in small forest patches, a large proportion of forests is affected by edge influences involving steep microclimatic gradients. Although forest edges are important ecotones and account for 20% of the global forested area, it remains unclear how biotic and abiotic drivers affect forest edge microclimates at the continental scale. Here we report soil and air temperatures measured in 225 deciduous forest plots across Europe for two years. Forest stands were situated along a latitudinal gradient and subject to a varying vegetation structure as quantified by terrestrial laser scanning. In summer, the average offset of air and soil temperatures in forest edges compared to temperatures outside the forest amounted to -2.8 °C and -2.3 °C, respectively. Edge-to-interior summer temperature gradients were affected by the macroclimate and edge structure. From the edge onwards, larger offsets were observed in dense forest edges and in warmer, southern regions. In open forests and northern Europe, altered microclimatic conditions extended deeper into the forest and gradients were steeper. Canopy closure and plant area index were important drivers of summer offsets in edges, whereas in winter also the forest-floor biomass played a key role. Using high-resolution maps, we estimated that approximately 10% of the European broadleaved forests would be affected by altered temperature regimes. Gradual transition zones between forest and adjacent lands are valuable habitat types for edge species. However, if cool and moist forest interiors are desired, then (i) dense and complex forest edges, (ii) an undisturbed forested buffer zone of at least 12.5 m deep and (iii) trees with a high shade casting ability could all contribute to an increased offset. These findings provide important guidelines to mitigate edge influences, to protect typical forest microclimates and to adapt forest management to climate change.

Electrical properties of composite based on in-situ synthesis of polyaniline and graphite

The high capacitance and good thermal stability of polyaniline (PANI) as an electrode material are the main factors in its application. In this work, graphite (G) powder was used as the substrate for the growth of aniline by in-situ polymerization to get a PANI/G composite. The results showed that the electrical conductivity of the PANI/G composite was improved greatly by the synergistic effect. When the ratio of G to PANI is 1.0%, the REDOX peak of the cyclic voltammetry curve of PANI composite electrode material is obvious and the closure area is relatively large. When the current density is 1 A/g, the specific capacitance reaches 699.3 F/g. The combination of capacitance and thermal stability of PANI/G composite is well promised, which promotes this cheap composite to be used in the electrochemistry industry widely.

Topical Administration of Heat-Killed Enterococcus faecalis Strain KH2 Promotes Re-Epithelialization and Granulation Tissue Formation during Skin Wound-Healing.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known to have beneficial effects on immune responses when they are orally administered as bacterial products. Although the beneficial effects of LAB have been reported for the genera Lactobacillus and Lactococcus, little has been uncovered on the effects of the genus Enterococcus on skin wound-healing. In this study, we aimed to clarify the effect of heat-killed Enterococcus faecalis KH2 (heat-killed KH2) strain on the wound-healing process and to evaluate the therapeutic potential in chronic skin wounds. We analyzed percent wound closure, re-epithelialization, and granulation area, and cytokine and growth factor production. We found that heat-killed KH2 contributed to the acceleration of re-epithelialization and the formation of granulation tissue by inducing tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, basic fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and vascular endothelial growth factor production. In addition, heat-killed KH2 also improved wound closure, which was accompanied by the increased production of TGF-β1 in diabetic mice. Topical administration of heat-killed KH2 might have therapeutic potential for the treatment of chronic skin wounds in diabetes mellitus. In the present study, we concluded that heat-killed KH2 promoted skin wound-healing through the formation of granulation tissues and the production of inflammatory cytokines and growth factors.

White-headed woodpecker nesting habitat at multiple spatial scales: Are habitat preferences adaptive?

Ecological theory predicts that animals will select habitats for breeding that confer an adaptive advantage through increased reproductive success. We therefore expect to see congruence between habitat preferences and measures of fitness. We studied abundance, nest site selection, and nest survival in white-headed woodpeckers (Picoides albolarvatus) in four forest types along an elevational gradient in the southern Sierra Nevada, California. Our primary objective was to ascertain what habitat features white-headed woodpeckers were selecting for nesting and at what scale, and whether those choices translated into increased reproductive success. We examined sets of models that included abiotic factors and habitat at three spatial scales: nest site (0.04 ha), local (~1 ha), and home range (~125 ha). White-headed woodpeckers were more abundant at higher elevations, with low abundance in low-elevation ponderosa pine forest, moderate abundance in mid-elevation mixed conifer forest, and reached their highest abundance in true fir habitat before becoming rare in high-elevation lodgepole pine forest. They both selected for and nested more successfully at higher elevations in true fir forest. White-headed woodpecker nesting ecology in the Sierra Nevada demonstrated a mixed pattern of congruence between characteristics important to nest habitat selection and nest survival. We found congruence for abiotic and home range scale models (agreement between preferences and nest survival), indicating adaptive selection. At the landscape scale, White-headed woodpeckers selected closed-canopy conifer forests with abundant edges. Habitat preferences at the nest site scale were negatively related to nest survival, suggesting maladaptive habitat selection at this scale. White-headed woodpeckers selected open forest with higher basal area of snags compared to available sites, but nest survival was higher in forest with higher canopy closure and lower basal area of snags. Local scale models were weak and did not help clarify habitat relationships. Our results highlight the importance of considering multiple spatial scales when examining habitat preferences. The primary management considerations for white-headed woodpecker habitat include retention of large, suitable snags and the need to consider forest heterogeneity. The close association with ponderosa pine forests and large-seeded pines found over most of their range did not hold in the Sierra Nevada, where white-headed woodpeckers were most abundant in true fir forests and selected and nested more successfully in true fir forests. Habitat models developed outside the area for which they were developed should be validated before they are applied to other locations.

KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS POHON DI REPONG DAMAR PESISIR TENGAH DAN PESISIR SELATAN

Repong Damar is a form of hereditary since the days of the Dutch colonial government owned by the Krui Lampung people in the West Coast. Repong damar functions as a buffer zone in the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park. The flagship product from Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in Indonesia found in Krui Pesisir Barat is Damar Mata cat (Shorea javanica). The management and use of resin repong can cause various types of plants. Damar reong found in the Regency of Pesisir Barat has very important benefits for life, and therefore it is necessary to act as a preservation effort for this repong damar to remain sustainable and continue to grow. One of the efforts made is to analyze the diversity of tree species that are in the resin dunk. This study aims to determine the diversity of tree species in the Central Pongir Pongon Repong Pahmungan and Tenumbang Pekon Coastal Equipment and to compare the diversity of tree species in the Central Pekon Pahmungan and South Pekon Tenumbang Pekon Coastal Areas. This research was conducted in August-September 2019 which is located in two locations, namely Tenumbang Pekon, Pesisir Selatan District and Pahmungan Pahmungan Tengah Pesisir Tengah District, Pesisir Barat District. The method used to determine the diversity of tree species using the plot line method where the determination of the plot starting point is done by Systematic sampling with random sampling. Analysis of the data to be used is the relative density (KR), relative frequency (FR), and relative closure area (CR). Importance Value Index (INP) = KR + FR + CR (Indriyanto, 2006). The Diversity Index used is the Shanon Wiener Diversity Index (H '). The results of the research that have been carried out there are 28 species of trees found in Pahonungan Pahmungan, Central Pesisir Tengah and 32 species found in Tenumbang Pekon, Pesisir Selatan District and Diversity of tree species in Pahonungan Pekm Tengah, Pesisir Tengah District, 1.86 and Diversity of tree species in Pekon Tenumbang. Pesisir Selatan District at 2.44.

Does the benthic biota or fish assemblage within a large targeted fisheries closure differ to surrounding areas after 12 years of protection in tropical northwestern Australia?

A large (~2450 km2) offshore (~75 km) targeted fisheries closure (TFC) area was implemented on the North West Shelf of Australia (NWS) in 1998 as part of a suite of management controls to address overfishing concerns, and in the process to potentially mitigate any impacts of trawling to benthic habitats. Twelve years later, the benthic biota and fish assemblages in the TFC were assessed using stereo-video and compared with adjacent areas that have been consistently fished with a range of commercial fishing methods. The remote nature of the region has meant that these areas would be inaccessible to recreational fishers. After 12 years of protection there were significant differences between the TFC and comparable fished areas in both the composition and the height of biogenic structures, however the magnitude of these differences were subtle, except for branching soft corals, which were significantly taller in the TFC area. Despite the relatively young age of the TFC, significant differences in the fish abundance and biomass compositions were driven by the slower growing, longer lived and inherently less productive fishery target species. The abundance of Lutjanus sebae (red emperor) and Epinephelus multinotatus (Rankin cod), and the associated biomass of L. sebae and Pristipomoides multidens (goldband snapper) were all greater within the TFC. However, neither the abundance or biomass of the relatively shorter lived and more productive fishery species (e.g. the bluespotted emperor Lethrinus punctulatus and the brownstripe snapper Lutjanus vitta) were greater within the TFC. Growth rates of benthic biota across the NWS are unknown, however the limited detectable differences in benthic biota between the TFC and fished areas, suggests that either recovery of the benthic biota is slow and may not yet be at a threshold for detection and/or alternatively that current fishing activities are not causing adverse impacts to biogenic structures. These large, offshore targeted fishery closures provide a useful reference point to examine the natural variability, growth and recovery of benthic biota and fish assemblages after the cessation of fishing.

Impact of Percutaneous Edge-to-Edge Repair in Patients With Atrial Functional Mitral Regurgitation.

The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical outcomes of patients with atrial functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) who underwent the MitraClip procedure compared with those with conventional FMR and sinus rhythm (SR). Of 303 patients with FMR who underwent the MitraClip procedure, 40 with "atrial-FMR" defined as FMR with permanent atrial fibrillation and normal left ventricular (LV) function/size and 115 with "sinus-FMR" defined as FMR with SR and LV dysfunction were reviewed. Transthoracic and 3D transesophageal echocardiography, and the cardiac complication rate (composite of all-cause death, heart failure admission, mitral valve (MV) surgery, and redo MitraClip procedure) during the 12-month follow-up were compared between the groups. After the MitraClip procedure, reductions in the mitral annular area and its anteroposterior dimension and in the leaflet closure area were observed in both groups. MV orifice area was smaller with greater transmitral pressure gradient (P<0.05) after the procedure in atrial-FMR patients than in those with sinus-FMR. The prevalence of residual MR was similar, but significant tricuspid regurgitation (TR) was more prevalent in the atrial-FMR group at follow-up. Cardiac complication rate was comparable between groups (20% vs. 25%, P=0.63). Reduction of MR occurred in atrial-FMR probably because of the increase in leaflet coaptation area. Significant TR was more common after the MitraClip procedure in patients with atrial-FMR than with sinus-FMR. However, mid-term outcomes were comparable between patients with atrial-FMR and sinus-FMR.

Simulations of fixed closure and real-time closure to manage migratory fish species for data-limited fisheries

Fisheries closure has been used as a fisheries management tool to protect species that need to be conserved. A commonly used type is fixed closure (FC), which specifies the closure area and period in advance and does not change after that decision is made. It has been claimed that FC is not effective for the management of migratory species, because it is difficult for FC to respond to uncertainties in the predicted distribution of species. Recently, real-time closure (RTC) has been introduced to address this issue. However, the use of RTC is still limited, because its benefits compared with FC have not been evaluated sufficiently. In this study, we conducted simple simulations to evaluate the efficiency of RTC to respond to uncertainties in the movement of migratory species. In terms of the protection of migratory species, the mean performance index of RTC was generally higher than that of FC, and the mean performance index of FC tended to decrease with greater uncertainty of species movement. We also estimated the extent of the reduction of the closure period by applying RTC instead of FC. The results of this study indicate that RTC is an efficient method of fisheries closure, and provide quantitative information to guide the use of RTC instead of FC.

Use of oxidised regenerated cellulose/collagen dressings versus standard of care over multiple wound types: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Oxidised regenerated cellulose (ORC)/collagen dressings help maintain physiologically moist wound environments conducive to wound healing. While evidence supporting ORC/collagen dressing use exists, comprehensive assessment is needed. This systematic review/meta‐analysis evaluated the performance of ORC/collagen dressings compared with standard dressings. A systematic literature search was performed using PUBMED, EMBASE, and QUOSA Virtual Library. Published studies and conference abstracts were assessed between 1 January 1996 and 27 July 2020. Comparative studies in English completed by 31 December 2019, with a study population ≥10 were included. Patient demographics, wound healing, and protease concentrations were extracted. A random‐effect model was used to assess the effect of ORC/collagen dressings. Twenty studies were included following removal of duplicates and articles not meeting inclusion criteria. A statistically significant effect in favour of ORC/collagen dressings was found for wound closure (P = 0.027) and percent wound area reduction (P = 0.006). Inconclusive evidence or limited reporting prevented assessment of time to complete healing, days of therapy, number of dressing applications, pain, matrix metalloproteinase, elastase, plasmin, and gelatinase concentration. Statistically significant increase in wound closure rates and percent wound area reduction were observed in patients receiving ORC/collagen dressings compared with standard dressings in this systematic review/meta‐analysis.

Novel antimicrobial ointment for infected wound healing in an in vitro and in vivo porcine model.

Microbial contamination of wounds is a significant problem that delays healing, particularly when bacterial biofilms are present. A novel combination of pectinic acid (PG) + caprylic acid (CAP) was previously found in vitro to be highly effective in eradicating various pathogens in biofilms with minimal cytotoxicity. In this study, a novel wound ointment was formulated with PG + CAP and first assessed in vitro using a well-established biofilm eradication model. In vitro, the PG + CAP ointment was shown to be efficacious in reducing the microbial biofilms. This ointment was then tested in vivo in two pilot porcine wound healing models, with and without Staphylococcus aureus microbial challenge. Ointments were applied to each wound daily, and healing by wound closure area measurement was assessed weekly over 4 weeks. After 4 weeks, pigs were sacrificed and wounds were scored for reepithelialization, inflammation, granulation tissue, and collagen deposition. We compared PG + CAP to hydroxyethylcellulose + glycerol ointment base (control) and MediHoney (comparator). In the porcine microbial challenge model, the novel antimicrobial PG + CAP wound ointment rapidly eradicated bacterial organisms embedded in wounds, was safe and well-tolerated, and was associated with enhanced healing compared to ointment base and MediHoney. Specifically, the cumulative histopathology, reepithelialization of epidermis, and mature granulation tissue in the wound bed was significantly better with PG + CAP than with control and MediHoney treatments. This ointment warrants further study as a non-antibiotic ointment for use in treating a wide array of infected wounds.

Anti-migration Effect of Aaptos suberitoides Fraction in HCT-116 Colorectal Cancer Cell Line

Background: Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of mortality and the most prevalent cancer worldwide. Most patients, who come with late-stage, have ineffective treatments and some side effects in chemotherapy. Aaptos suberitoides has potential anti-cancer effects due to its bioactive compounds such as aptamine. This study aimed to evaluate the migration inhibition effect of Aaptos suberitoides fraction in HCT-116 cell line.Methods: This study was an experimental study. Aaptos suberitoides specimen was taken in Tinjil Island and fractionated with ethyl acetate. HCT-116 cell line was added with Aaptos suberitoides fraction and cellular migration activity was observed in 48 hours of which the scratch assay was performed. The gap closure area was determined with ImageJ software.Results: The data showed that a low concentration of Aaptos suberitoides fraction inhibited migration activity in HCT-116 cell line as follow; 1 and 5 mg/L Aaptos suberitoides fraction inhibit 3-4 % cancer cell migration in 24 hours, and 10-11% inhibition in 48 hours, respectively. However, 10 mg/L fraction concentration only inhibited 7-14% of the migration effect.Conclusion: Aaptos suberitoides fraction suggests insignificant migration inhibition in colorectal cancer cells and only inhibits less than 15 % HCT-116 cell line.