Close Relation Research Articles

Multi-omics analysis of antagonistic interactions among free-living Pseudonocardia from diverse ecosystems.

Actinomycetes are a phylogenetically diverse bacterial group which are widely distributed across terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Within this order, the genus Pseudonocardia and their specialised metabolites have been the focus of previous ecological studies due to their antagonistic interactions with other microorganisms and their mutualistic interactions with insects. However, the chemical ecology of free-living Pseudonocardia remains understudied. This study applies a multi-omics approach to investigate the chemical ecology of free-living actinomycetes from the genus Pseudonocardia. In a comparative genomics analysis, it was observed that the biosynthetic gene cluster family distribution was influenced mainly by phylogenetic distance rather than the geographic or ecological origin of strains. This finding was also observed in the mass spectrometry-based metabolomic profiles of nine Pseudonocardia species isolated from marine sediments and two terrestrial species. Antagonist interactions between these 11 species were examined, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-mass spectrometry imaging was used to examine in situ chemical interactions between the Southern Ocean strains and their phylogenetically close relatives. Overall, it was demonstrated that phylogeny was the main predictor of antagonistic interactions among free-living Pseudonocardia. Moreover, two features at m/z 441.15 and m/z 332.20 were identified as metabolites related to these interspecies interactions.

Viewing the influence of Vkhutemas on the Bauhaus from the perspective of production art: Main concepts and directions

After the October Revolution of 1917, the Russian avant-garde established close relations with the German left wing. Vkhutemas, as the center of the Russian avant-garde, also had an important influence on the development of the Bauhaus. This study examines the specific path and results of the influence of Vkhutemas on the Bauhaus in terms of concept, structural transformation and production strategy in order to clarify the relationship between them. In this work, Vkhutemas is taken as the center, based on the analysis of conceptual principles, structural transformations and production strategies, specific ways and manifestations of the influence of the Russian avant-garde on the Bauhaus in various periods of the 1920s are explored. This comprehensive and multidimensional Russian influence not only develops the modern system of design education and finally consolidates the historical status of the Bauhaus, but also lays the foundation for its final fate. Firstly, on an ideological level, the goals of Russian production are directly related to the construction of socialism, to the creation of a system of proletarian culture, which Avartov calls proletarian, which largely coincides with the left-wing ideals of Gropius. Secondly, at the level of artistic thought, productivism and constructivism, as new ideas of the early 20th century, represented the contribution of the Russian avant-garde to modernist design. Finally, at the level of educational practice, thanks to the introduction of Russian constructivism by Moholy Nagy, the Bauhaus created a prototype of the three main components of modern design education, taking lessons from teaching composition by Vkhutemas, and opened the transition from expressionism to function. This was a new stage in the transformation of socialism, and thus formed the classic image of the Bauhaus for the outside world.

Research Paper on Women Safety System

Abstract: In latest years, Violence and physical assault Against Women have increased in recent years. The number of women working in industries and other commercial market sectors is increasing. It's getting more and more necessary for women to travel at an odd hours and lonely locations as a part of their work. There are other strategies besides defense that may be sufficient to stop this growing abuse. It is necessary to come up with a security strategy that gives women a means of safety. Therefore, a more straightforward safety solution that can be engaged with just a button push and that can immediately notify the victim's close relatives is required

Knowledge and Awareness of Spinal Muscular Atrophy in Pre-Marital Health Screenings: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background and Purpose: Early diagnosis of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is crucial. This study assesses the awareness and attitudes toward SMA screening among individuals preparing for marriage. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in three family health centers in the central district of XXX from June to September 2023. A researcher-designed 15-item instrument was utilized to collect demographic data and assess knowledge and attitudes regarding SMA among participants aged 18-65, excluding those with a diagnosis of mental retardation. Results: The study was participated in by 197 individuals, with an average age determined to be 29.45±7.48. The proportion of those supporting the implementation of SMA screening was 84.8% (n=167), while the intention to undergo the test was identified at 72.6% (n=143). A significant relationship was found between the willingness to be tested and variables such as the level of education, absence of disabled close relatives, not considering SMA to be genetically inherited, finding screenings appropriate, the perceived impact of test results on marriage, and the belief that screening could not be conducted after marriage. Conclusion: While most recognized SMA's severity, there's a notable deficit in understanding its preventability, suggesting the need for targeted educational interventions to enhance genetic screening uptake.

From decision to reflection: understanding the experiences and unmet care needs of patients treated with immunotherapy for melanoma in the adjuvant or metastatic setting

BackgroundDespite increased use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with advanced melanoma, little is known about patient experiences during this treatment. This study aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of experiences and unmet care needs of patients treated in the adjuvant or metastatic setting for advanced melanoma regarding their ICI treatment trajectory.MethodsInterviews and focus groups were conducted among 35 patients treated with ICIs in the adjuvant setting for completely resected stage III (n = 14), or in the metastatic setting for irresectable stage IV (n = 21) melanoma. A thorough thematic content analysis was conducted.Results Three main themes were identified. When (1) dealing with uncertainty in the decision-making process, adjuvant patients explored the pros and cons, whereas metastatic patients considered immunotherapy their only viable option. Both groups expressed the need for additional guidance. In (2) navigating the immunotherapy course, both perceived the trajectory as intense, experienced a major impact on their and their (close) relatives’ lives, and felt the need to (re)gain control. When (3) looking back on the immunotherapy experience, metastatic patients generally felt relieved, while among adjuvant patients, feelings of doubt regarding their choice for ICIs were also reported.ConclusionsICI treatment is perceived as intensive for both patient groups, facing both comparable and distinct challenges throughout the treatment trajectory, underscoring the need for stage-specific, individualised guidance. Options regarding flexible follow-ups, low-threshold contact and psychosocial support throughout the treatment trajectory should be explored.

Assembly and Comparative Analyses of the Chloroplast Genomes of the Threatened Plant Rosa anemoniflora

Due to insufficient molecular biology and genetic research on Rosa anemoniflora, this endangered plant has not yet received effective protection. Therefore, the complete chloroplast genome sequence of R. anemoniflora, along with comparative analysis of the chloroplast genomes of related species, is necessary and crucial for reconstructing phylogenetic relationships and developing genetic markers to conserve these species. A series of analyses, including genome structure, GC content, gene number, selection pressure, and nucleotide diversity, were performed by comparing the chloroplast genomes of R. anemoniflora and its relatives. The results indicate that the chloroplast genomes of R. anemoniflora and its close relatives are highly conserved in all genome characteristics, and all protein-coding genes in R. anemoniflora have not experienced significant positive or negative selection pressures. Comparative analysis revealed several variation hotspots, such as the atpH-atpI region, which can serve as a DNA barcode for distinguishing R. anemoniflora from its close relatives. Finally, the results confirmed that R. anemoniflora belongs to Rosa section Synstylae and that R. anemoniflora and its close relatives likely originated from the Fujian and Taiwan regions of China and diverged approximately 3.24 million years ago. This study provides crucial information for future biodiversity conservation and genetic resource management.

Eriosema magnum (Leguminosae), a new species from cerrado region of Goiás, Brazil

During a floristic study in Legado Verdes Cerrado region in Goiás state (Niquelândia municipality), Brazil, a new species of Eriosema genus was discovered. Eriosema magnum is here described and illustrated and its morphological similarities with its closest relatives are presented. The geographical distribution, conservation status, and information about flowering and fruiting are provided. Additionally, a dichotomous key to the taxa of Eriosema that occurs in the Legado Verdes do Cerrado was done.

Variation in structural motifs within SARS-related coronavirus spike proteins.

SARS-CoV-2 is the third known coronavirus (CoV) that has crossed the animal-human barrier in the last two decades. However, little structural information exists related to the close genetic species within the SARS-related coronaviruses. Here, we present three novel SARS-related CoV spike protein structures solved by single particle cryo-electron microscopy analysis derived from bat (bat SL-CoV WIV1) and civet (cCoV-SZ3, cCoV-007) hosts. We report complex glycan trees that decorate the glycoproteins and density for water molecules which facilitated modeling of the water molecule coordination networks within structurally important regions. We note structural conservation of the fatty acid binding pocket and presence of a linoleic acid molecule which are associated with stabilization of the receptor binding domains in the "down" conformation. Additionally, the N-terminal biliverdin binding pocket is occupied by a density in all the structures. Finally, we analyzed structural differences in a loop of the receptor binding motif between coronaviruses known to infect humans and the animal coronaviruses described in this study, which regulate binding to the human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor. This study offers a structural framework to evaluate the close relatives of SARS-CoV-2, the ability to inform pandemic prevention, and aid in the development of pan-neutralizing treatments.

Loss of staminodes in Aquilegia jonesii reveals a fading stamen–staminode boundary

The modification of fertile stamens into sterile staminodes has occurred independently many times in the flowering plant lineage. In the genus Aquilegia (columbine) and its closest relatives, the two stamen whorls closest to the carpels have been converted to staminodes. In Aquilegia, the only genetic analyses of staminode development have been reverse genetic approaches revealing that B-class floral identity genes are involved. A. jonesii, the only species of columbine where staminodes have reverted to fertile stamens, allows us to explore the genetic architecture of staminode development using a forward genetic approach. We performed QTL analysis using an outcrossed F2 population between A. jonesii and a horticultural variety that makes fully developed staminodes, A. coerulea ‘Origami’. Our results reveal a polygenic basis for staminode loss where the two staminode whorls are under some level of independent control. We also discovered that staminode loss in A. jonesii is not complete, in which staminode-like traits sometimes occur in the inner fertile stamens, potentially representing a fading boundary of gene expression. The QTLs identified in this study provide a map to guide future reverse genetic and functional studies examining the genetic basis and evolutionary significance of this trait.

Analysis of BRCA1 germline variants (exons 5, 11 and 20) in breast cancer families from Libya

ABSTRACT Breast cancer (BC) is a leading cause of cancer deaths in Libyan women. BRCA1 variants differ globally due to the diversity of genetic makeup and populations history. Their distribution, prevalence, and significance in Libyans remain largely unexplored. This study investigated the characteristics and distribution of BRCA1 variants in exons 5, 11, and 20 in Libyan families with BC. Thirty-six BC patients at ≤ 45 years, between 46–50 years and with a family history of breast, ovarian, pancreatic or prostate cancer in close relatives, or with triple-negative BC, were selected from 33 unrelated families during 2018–2020 at the National Cancer Institute, Sabratha, Libya. From these 33 families, 20 women (18 BC patients and two unaffected) were screened for BRCA1 exons 5, 11 and 20 using Sanger sequencing. All families completed an epidemiology and family history questionnaire. Twenty-seven variants (26 in exon 11 and 1 in exon 20, minor allele frequency of < 0.01) were detected in 10 of 18 unrelated families (55.6%.) Among the 27 variants, 26 (96%) were heterozygous. A frameshift pathogenic variant, c.2643del, and one novel variant c.1366A>G were identified. Furthermore, seven variants with unknown clinical significance were detected: c.1158T>A, c.1346C>G, c.1174C>G, c.3630 G>T, c.3599A>T, and c.3400 G>C in exon 11, and c.5244T>A in exon 20. Six variants with conflicting pathogenicity interpretations, c. 3460T>A, c. 3572 G>A, c. 3700 G>C, c. 1246C>G, c. 1344C>G, and c. 1054 G>A, were also identified. Twelve benign/likely benign variants were identified. Rare BRCA1 variants that have not been reported in North Africa were found in Libyan patients. These findings provide preliminary insights into the BRCA1 variants that could contribute to hereditary BC risk in Libyans. Further functional, computational, and population analyses are essential to determine their significance and potential impact on BC risk, which could ultimately lead to more personalized management strategies.

New species and new Chinese record of Hypocreaceae from China

Trichoderma clavaticapitatum sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on specimen collected from alpine Hengduan Mountains, Yunnan Province, China. The fungus is characterized by simple, clavate stromata with a capitate fertile part, flask-shaped, subglobose to oblong perithecia, and cylindrical asci containing 16 part-ascospores. Morphological characteristics and analyses of combined RPB2 and TEF1 DNA sequences support its placement in Trichoderma. Differences between the novel species and its close relatives are compared in detail. Additionally, Hypocreopsis rhododendri, a rare fungus, is reported for the first time from the country.

The origin of Ordovician siliceous rocks and their deposition settings in the Northwest Tarim Basin, NW China

The siliceous rocks are well developed in Northwest Tarim Basin, which plays an important role in indicating its forming environment. In order to determine the origin of siliceous rock and its deposition settings, the paper studies the petrographic and geochemical characteristics of siliceous rock in well KP 1 and outcrops in Northwest Tarim Basin based on core observation, microscopic section identification and analysis of major and trace elements and rare earth elements. The Ordovician siliceous rocks of Northwest Tarim Basin are mainly developed in the middle and upper Penglaiba Formation and the bottom of the Yingshan Formation. Three types of cherts are identified, including cryptocrystalline silica, microcrystalline quartz and fibrous chalcedony depending on the mineral morphology. The terrigenous source is best evidenced by the high Ti (160∼310 ppm) and Al (1300∼3180 ppm), and positive δ30Si (0.9–3.6‰). Whereas, hydrothermal processes can be inferred from relative high content of V, Ni, Sr, Mo and Ba, and no obvious Ce and Eu anomaly. The chert of well KP 1 and Kuluxi profile is deposited in continental-margin settings, which is evidenced by its Al2O3/(Al2O3 + Fe2O3) (0.58–0.94, average of 0.81) and its Lan/Cen ratio (0.76–1.02, average of 0.93). The continental-margin settings are also evidenced by the close relation between silicification and dolomitization. Silicification is commonly well developed where dolomitization occurs, because the dolomitization mainly occurs in the regression background, where provides more terrigenous source silica to the sea water and results in more silicification. This study highlights the origin of Ordovician siliceous rocks and the outcome from this new contribution may provide useful guidelines for hydrocarbon exploration in the basin and other global analogues.

Multi-locus phylogeny and morphology of Curvularia isolates associated with leaf spots of corn in northern Algeria unveiled two new species, C. algeriensis sp. nov. and C. boudouaouensis sp. nov., with a new record for C. spicifera

In this study, we investigated fungi associated with leaf spots of corn in northern Algeria. Fungal isolates were recovered from sampled leaves and were subjected to morphological and molecular identification. Morphology and multi-locus phylogeny, including the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 with 5.8S (ITS) along with partial glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1) genes, supported the proposal of two new species, Curvularia algeriensis and Curvularia boudouaouensis, as well as a new record for Curvularia spicifera. These two new species are closely related and clustered sisters to Curvularia sporobolicola in the phylogenetic analysis. Morphologically, they can be distinguished by the shape and size of their conidia and conidiophores. The conidia of C. algeriensis are asymmetrically ellipsoidal, with the basal side larger than the apical side. In contrast, those of C. boudouaouensis are ellipsoidal to subcylindrical, and in C. sporobolicola, they are hemi-ellipsoidal. Additionally, the conidia of C. algeriensis are distinctly longer and larger than those of C. boudouaouensis and tend to be slightly longer and narrower than those of C. sporobolicola. C. algeriensis can also be distinguished by its longer conidiophores compared to its closest relatives. Inoculation of corn seedlings supported the pathogenicity of the two new species, as well as the new record.

Life-cycle-coupled evolution of mitosis in close relatives of animals

Eukaryotes have evolved towards one of two extremes along a spectrum of strategies for remodelling the nuclear envelope during cell division: disassembling the nuclear envelope in an open mitosis or constructing an intranuclear spindle in a closed mitosis1,2. Both classes of mitotic remodelling involve key differences in the core division machinery but the evolutionary reasons for adopting a specific mechanism are unclear. Here we use an integrated comparative genomics and ultrastructural imaging approach to investigate mitotic strategies in Ichthyosporea, close relatives of animals and fungi. We show that species in this clade have diverged towards either a fungal-like closed mitosis or an animal-like open mitosis, probably to support distinct multinucleated or uninucleated states. Our results indicate that multinucleated life cycles favour the evolution of closed mitosis.

From the Felon’s Cell: The Subaltern Ballads of Lady Jane and Oscar Wilde

This essay examines Lady Jane Wilde’s ballads of Irish resistance together with Oscar Wilde’s imprisonment and his ballad from prison, The Ballad of Reading Gaol . Thinking of Lady Jane Wilde, a consistently understudied figure in nineteenth-century literary studies, in close relation to Oscar Wilde illuminates the resistance of both authors to imperialism and its penal institutions. The Wildes’ use of the language and form of poetry from the felon’s cell to confront imprisonment within transnational borders of imperialism provides a significant example of resistance poetry within a historical context in which prisoners were often barred from writing. The essay furthermore situates and differentiates their subaltern ballads in relation to the broader tradition of nineteenth-century ballads.

How Clot Composition Influences Fibrinolysis in the Acute Phase of Stroke: A Proteomic Study of Cerebral Thrombi.

The dramatic clinical improvement offered by mechanical thrombectomy raised questions about the relevance of prior intravenous thrombolysis in large-vessel occlusion strokes. Hence, studying intravenous thrombolysis susceptibility and its dependence on thrombus composition is crucial. We used an observational proteomic study of whole thrombi retrieved by mechanical thrombectomy to identify factors associated with fibrin content and fibrinolytic activity (FA). In 104 stroke patients, the thrombi proteome was established by mass spectrometry coupled to liquid chromatography. FA was estimated in clots both outside (FAout) by measuring D-dimer levels at the blood-thrombus interface and inside (FAin) by evaluating the ratio of fibrinogen α to its plasmin-cleaved forms using proteomics coupled with protein electrophoresis. The factors associated with fibrin content, FAin, and FAout were determined by intravenous thrombolysis-adjusted linear regression. FAout (P<0.0001) and FAin (P=0.0147) were driven by recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (r-tPA) administration (47/104) and thrombus composition. Indeed, FAout was greater with fibrin-rich than erythrocyte-rich thrombi, presumably because of more (r)tPA substrates. Thus, FAout was increased with cardioembolic thrombi (72/104), which are rich in fibrin (P=0.0300). Opposite results were found inside the thrombus, suggesting that (r)tPA penetrability was hampered by the density of the fibrinous cap. Moreover, blood cells had a strong impact on thrombus structure and susceptibility to (r)tPA. Indeed, fibrin content was negatively associated with erythrocyte-specific proteins in the thrombus, admission hematocrit (P=0.0139), and hemoglobin level (P=0.0080), which underlines the key role of erythrocytes in thrombus composition. Also, an increased number of neutrophils impaired FAout (P=0.0225), which suggests that their aggregation around the thrombus prevented the (r)tPA attack. Only FAout was significantly associated with reduced thrombus weight (P=0.0310), increased recanalization rate (P=0.0150), good clinical outcome (P=0.0480), and reduced mortality (P=0.0080). Proteomics can offer new insights into the close relationship between thrombus composition and susceptibility to fibrinolysis, paving the way for new adjuvant therapies.

Genetic diversity and distribution of noroviruses among all age groups of patients with diarrhea in Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia.

Norovirus (NoV) is the leading cause of diarrheal disease worldwide and the impact is high in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Moreover, there is a significant and fluctuating global genetic diversity that varies across diverse environments over time. Nevertheless, there is a scarcity of data on the genetic diversity of NoV in Ethiopia. This study was aimed to assess the genetic diversity and distribution of NoVs circulating in the Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia, by considering all age groups. A total of 519 fecal samples were collected from diarrheal patients from May 01/2021 to November 30/ 2021. The fecal samples were screened for the presence of NoVs using real-time RT-PCR by targeting a portion of the major capsid protein coding region. The positive samples were further amplified using conventional RT-PCR, and sequenced. The positivity rate of NoV was (8.9%; 46/519). The detection rate of NoV genogroup II (GII) and genogroup I (GI) was 38 (82.6%) and 8 (17.4%), respectively. Overall, five distinct GII (GII.3, GII.6, GII.10, GII.17, and GII.21) and two GI (GI.3 and GI.5) genotypes were detected. Within the GII types, GII.3 was the predominant (34.2%) followed by GII.21 (15.8%), GII.17 (10.5%), GII.6 and GII.10 each (2.6%). Norovirus GII.21 is reported for the first time in Ethiopia. The genetic diversity and distribution of NoVs were significantly different across the four sampling sits and age groups. The phylogenetic analysis revealed close relatedness of the current strains with published strains from Ethiopia and elsewhere. The distribution and genetic diversity of NoV was considerably high, with predominance of non-GII.4 genotypes. The GII.21 genotype is a new add on the growing evidences on the genetic diversity of NoVs in Ethiopia. Future nationwide surveillance studies are necessary to gain comprehensive data in Ethiopia.

A unified model of particle physics and cosmology: Origin of inflation, baryogenesis, neutrino mass, CDM and dark energy

I propose a unified model of particle physic and cosmology based on both a new extension of the standard particle model and the fundamental principle of the standard cosmology. Beyond the standard model, I introduce several species of dark fields with the dark symmetry of [Formula: see text], the inflation field, cold dark matter (CDM) and dark energy (DE) are of course included among them. The model can coherently and completely describe the origin and evolution of the universe from the primordial inflation to the reheating, to the baryogenesis, to the current CDM and DE, and also the neutrino mass generation mechanism. For the energy evolution of each phase, I give its dynamical system of equations, and solve them by some special techniques. The numerical results can clearly show how each evolution is successfully implemented, furthermore, the model demonstrates that the DE genesis is purely from the CDM condensation, which is essentially a reverse process of the primordial slow-roll inflation, there is not the so-called “cosmological constant energy”. By use of fewer input parameters, the model not only exactly reproduces the measured inflationary data and the current energy density budget, but also finely predicts such important values as the tensor-to-scalar ratio [Formula: see text], the inflaton mass [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GeV, the reheating temperature [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GeV, the CDM mass [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GeV, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], in particular, the model smoothly clarifies and eliminates the “Hubble tension”. In short, the unified model newly establishes the deeper and closer relations between particle physics and cosmology, therefore we expect the ongoing and future experiments to test the model.

Osmophore Structure and Labellum Micromorphology in Ophrys speculum (Orchidaceae): New Interpretations of Floral Features and Implications for a Specific Sexually Deceptive Pollination Interaction

Pollination by sexual deception specifically attracts male insects, through the floral scent and particular morphological features of the flower that serve as visual and tactile stimuli. The unique bond between the Ophrys speculum orchid and the male Dasyscolia ciliata wasp primarily stems from a few distinctive semiochemicals that mimic the female wasp’s sex pheromone, although the floral scent comprises a variety of compounds. An osmophore producing highly volatile compounds has been documented in four close relatives of O. speculum and is now being also investigated in this species. Given the existing debates regarding the structure of the labellum and stigmatic cavity in O. speculum, this study details their micromorphology. Additionally, comparisons of O. speculum flowers and female D. ciliata wasps under stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy are conducted to seek new evidence of visual and tactile mimicry. The findings confirm that (i) an osmophore is present at the apical margin of the labellum in O. speculum flowers; (ii) the labellum features a distinct basal field homologous to those found in other Ophrys species; and (iii) the basal labellum region closely mimics the female wasp’s thorax and wings. The implications of these novel floral features are discussed within an evolutionary context.

Building up bit by bit, parent’s experiences of equine–assisted intervention among children and adolescents with mental illness: a grounded theory study

ABSTRACT Background Mental ill health among children and adolescents has increased worldwide. Mental health difficulties from a young age are associated with school absence and educational underachievement. A holistic perspective of treatments besides medical treatment is essential Thus, there is a need for research regarding equine-assisted intervention (EAI). Purpose The present study aimed to understand the outcomes of an equine-assisted intervention for children and adolescents with mental ill health from the perspectives of parents and close relatives. Methods This study used a qualitative research design informed by Charmaz’s Grounded Theory, with a purposive sample including six in-depth interviews. Results The theory “building up bit by bit” was constructed, explaining the recognition that their children/adolescents were built up bit by bit and created a stronger self-identity. The participants referred to changes in the child’s or adolescent’s way of being and emotional regulation, which constituted building blocks leading to the child’s or adolescent’s 1. increased Harmony. 2. enhanced Self-identity, and 3. improved Capability. Conclusion Parents and close relatives experienced that their child or adolescent was built up bit by bit and gained a stronger foundation to stand on. This led to increased harmony in everyday life with stronger self-worth, better performance, and reduced school absenteeism.