Closed Root System Research Articles

Growth stimulant influence on biometric indicators of oak seedlings in the Bukovyna Sub-Carpathian region

The use of growth stimulants for the cultivation of oak seedlings in the Bukovyna Sub-Carpathian region allows to accelerate their development and increase their sustainability in an environment where there is no natural forest regeneration. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of growth stimulants at different multiplicity of treatments during the growing season on the biometric parameters of Quercus robur L. Seedlings were grown in Ecotherm containers in the glasshouse of the base nursery. The composition of the substrate for filling the containers is a mix of peat, sand and black soil in equal proportions with mycorrhiza from under the forest canopy of oak stands. The results of the effect of growth stimulants on the biometric parameters of one-year-old seedlings of common oak with a closed root system are presented. Plant growth stimulants were used for spraying and irrigation seedlings during their cultivation. The results of the research indicate a positive effect of the use of growth stimulants on the seedlings of common oak. All experimental variants showed a positive effect on the biometric parameters of one-year-old oak seedlings at three, six and nine times of feeding with growth stimulants during the growing season. The difference in the variants with the use of plant growth stimulants compared to the control in height is up to 27%, in the length of the root system – up to 43%, and in the total length – up to 29%, accordingly, depending on the dose of the stimulants and the frequency of treatment during the growing season. Refined data on the biometric parameters of one-year-old seedlings of common oak with a closed root system grown in closed ground conditions were obtained. The data obtained are useful for forest restoration in regions with damaged or degraded ecosystems where natural regeneration is limited

Annual dynamics of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen content by using capsulated carbamide in cassettes of one-year-old seedlings of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris)

Over the past decades of forestry development in Russia, the main trends have been identified, according to which P. sylvestris planting material can be effectively grown in a container method with a closed root system, considering the forest-seed area. The purpose of the study was to study the annual dynamics of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen in a soil with P. sylvestris with a closed root system using encapsulated urea with hydroquinone and mulch. The objectives of the study were based on the study of the effect of mineral fertilizers on the annual dynamics of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen and their effect on the growth of seedlings. The object of the study was the dynamics of the content of these nitrogen compounds in the soil. The study was carried out by methods of agrochemical, biometric and statistical analysis. Thus, the use of extended-form carbamide makes it possible to cover the need of plants for nitrogen nutrition throughout the growing season, having a significant impact on their growth in stem height. The use of encapsulated carbamide with hydroquinone, 0.5 cm pine mulch, potassium monophosphate and phosphorous flour allows the production of the best P. sylvestris seedlings with a maximum height of 188.82±15.41 mm per year due to constant saturation of the soil with available nitrogen, on which a change in the growth rate of seedlings is almost directly dependent (R = 0.99821-0.99988; Multiple R = 0.99643-0.99977; Adjusted R = 0.98928-0.99930; p < 0.01525-0.05978). At the same time, ammonium nitrogen has the greatest effect on it (p < 0.01633-0.05436).

Application of soil herbicides in gardening to improve fruit production.

The study considered the use of soil herbicides: Begin Turbo, KS; Dual Gold, KE; Euro-Lighting, VRK; Command, KE; Pivot, VK; Proponite, KE; Zenkor Ultra, KS and partially soil action: Demetra, KE, and Dialen Super, KS. We conducted a comparative assessment of the biological effectiveness of the studied herbicides against the main species of weeds present in the experimental plots, annual and perennial dicotyledonous, annual cereal weeds. The effect of soil herbicide treatments on the physiological state of plants of apple, pear, walnut, and black currant was studied. The effect of the use of the studied drugs on the yield of protected crops for three years was evaluated. The tests proved the applicability of soil herbicides in nursery, production gardens, as well as on seedlings with a closed root system. The tested products, despite the principle of their action - penetration into weeds through the soil, did not harm the protected crops, no negative effect on the growth of trees and shrubs was recorded. The study revealed no evidence that drugs had a negative impact on fruit and berry crop productivity. There are suggestions for improving the efficacy of using soil herbicides when planting fruit and berry crops.

Prospects of artificial soil substrate use for flower crops cultivation in protected ground

Harsh continental climate of Orenburg region is characterized by extremely low rates of precipitation at vegetation period, so the cultivation of flowers with protected root system has wide usage and is highly developed. The search for the optimal combined artificial soil in terms of physico-chemical composition is of great scientific and practical importance. In the short-term model experiment, variants of artificial soils are under exploration, with differing ratios of basic fillers that cover the physiological needs of flower crops when grown with a closed root system in greenhouse complexes. The results of laboratory study of artificially constructed soils based on essential materials (peat, coconut filler, river sand) and agricultural waste (horse manure, sunflower seed husk, raw fawl dung) are also presented. Combined soils are developed for the purpose of growing gerbera on “Bounty” soil and garden chrysanthemum on “Elysium” soil. These soils take into account the bioecological and agrotechnological features of greenhouse cultivation of these types of flower plants. The studied flower crops respond quite well to the physico-chemical composition of soils, showing stable growth of vegetative and generative organs.

Опыт выращивания посадочного материала Thuja occidentalis ᾽Smaragd᾽ с ЗКС по технологии «Контейнер в контейнере»

In the Russian nursery industry, there are certain standards for planting material developed for all types of plants that dictating clear requirements for nursery products, in case of deviation from which, the competitive-ness of the nursery in the plant market decreases. In order to grow healthy planting material that meets all the required standards, it is necessary to apply modern cultivation technologies that provide all the conditions for the uniform development of the aboveground and underground parts of the plant, without any disease. This article discusses the experience of growing Thuja occidentalis ‘Smaragd’ planting material with a closed root system in containers. Observations on the condition of 180 containerized seedlings on three experimental sites in the nursery - an open area, a shaded area and a "Pot-in-pot" technology area were made. Measurements of substrate temperature in containers throughout the day, biometric indicators of seedlings – plant height, root neck diame-ter, root length and density were analyzed. All the advantages and disadvantages of the "Pot-in-pot" system, dif-ferences from the classical cultivation are shown, and the influence of this method on the physiology and productivity of plants is determined.

Enhancing reforestation efforts: a comprehensive analysis of modern approaches to cultivate planting material for forest crops

The paper presents a comprehensive study of various methods and techniques used in the cultivation of planting material for reforestation purposes. This study is aimed at in-depth analysis and comparative evaluation of various approaches to the production of healthy and high-quality planting material for forest crops to increase the productivity and sustainability of reforestation practices. In the course of the study, a review of scientific literature in the field of crop production and reforestation technologies was conducted in the thematic journals indexed by Scopus, Web of Science, Elibrary, and Google Academy. The search depth was 40 years, and the search languages were English and Russian. According to the results of the study, today the method of growing seedlings with a closed root system is the most effective and dynamically developing way that can be used to solve a wide range of problems. The proposed methods of improvement are aimed at creating more economical and efficient systems for growing seedlings with a closed root system and represent the use of worked-out mines as greenhouses for growing seedlings. In addition, the use of the Internet of Things, machine learning, and neural networks will automate the process of growing seedlings, reducing human participation in this process and the risk of loss of planting material. Keywords: Reforestation, biological cultivation, crop production technologies, modern crop production.

Creation of Common Pine Crops by Seedlings with Open and Closed Root System on the Mountain Range in the Forest-Steppe Zone

In 2014, an experimental plot of forest crops of scots pine with the use of seedlings with open (OKS) and closed (ZKS) root systems with various methods of tillage and planting was laid on a mountain range in a forest-steppe zone with sandy soils. Observations of the growth of these seedlings showed that there was no significant difference in growth rates and at the age of three, the survival rate of seedlings with ACS and ZCS stabilized at at least 71 % and the average height of seven-year-old pine crops differed slightly and amounted to 213.2–231.5 cm. As a result of the experiments carried out, it was found that for planting pine seedlings with ACS and ZKS, it is necessary to carry out tillage by preparing furrows with the formation of a landing place in the form of a loosened gap in its center. The destruction of the soil coma and shaking it off from the root system of pine seedlings with ZKS did not have a significant effect on their growth indicators. Planting pine seedlings from the ZKS with the help of a Kolesov sword or a Pottiputka planting tube does not affect their survival and growth rates. В лесостепной зоне на горельнике с песчаными почвами в 2014 г. заложен опытный участок лесных культур сосны обыкновенной с использованием сеянцев с открытой (ОКС) и закрытой (ЗКС) корневой системой при различных способах обработки почвы и посадки (6 вариантов). Наблюдения за ходом роста этих сеянцев показали, что существенной разницы в показателях роста не выявлено: так, в 3-летнем возрасте приживаемость сеянцев с ОКС и ЗКС стабилизировалась на уровне не менее 71 %, средняя высота 7-летних культур сосны отличалась незначительно – в диапазоне от 213,2 до 231,5 см. В результате исследований установлено, что для посадки сеянцев сосны с ОКС и ЗКС необходимо проводить обработку почвы путем подготовки борозд с образованием в их центре посадочного места в виде разрыхленной щели. Разрушение кома почвы и отряхивание ее от корневой системы сеянцев сосны с ЗКС не оказали существенного влияния на показатели их роста. Посадка сеянцев сосны с ЗКС с помощью меча Колесова или посадочной трубы «Поттипутки» не влияет на показатели их приживаемости и роста.

Technological aspects of growing Juglans nigra (L.) with closed root system for agroforestry in arid regions

Black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) as a multipurpose durable species has found application in agroforestry in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. The deficit of J. nigra planting material is a limiting factor in increasing the area under this crop in agroforestry in arid regions. There is no or fragmentary information on the technology of cassette cultivation of black walnut in the closed ground. Juglans nigra (L.) is a large tree and favorably differs from other representatives of the genus Juglans (L.) by its longevity and ornamental character. The experiment on seed propagation was conducted at the nursery of the Nizhnevolzhskaya station, Volgograd region, Russia on selection of woody species from May 2022 to September 2023 in closed ground conditions. The optimal dates of harvesting (October) and sowing (2nd decade of May) for the southern subjects of Russia were proposed. Observance of technological aspects provides ground germination by July up to 75%, which is 6% higher. The developed regulation of agrotechnical methods (collection, storage of nuts, sowing, watering, fertilization, etc.) provides production of standard planting material (200 seedlings/m2) for one growing season.

Применение обработанной плазмой воды для подготовки семян хвойных пород к посеву

The article discusses the accelerated cultivation of quality planting material using the method of seed preparation by soaking in water treated in low-temperature plasma discharge. The most promising planting material are seedlings with closed root system. They are grown from improved seed grain in optimal conditions of greenhouses. Among various methods of stimulating germination of the seed germ, it is of interest to influence it with “cold” plasma. With the help of a specially designed device, which allows to treat water with lowtemperature plasma discharge, plasma-treated water for soaking seeds was obtained. The time of water treatment varied from 1 to 4 min. Water activated by plasma had acidity indicators other than those of ordinary water. The time of acidity level restoration was from 2 to 4 days. Germination rates and germination energy were obtained for seeds of Pinus silvestrys and Picea abies soaked in water with different duration of plasma treatment. When seeds were soaked in water treated with plasma for 1, 2 and 4 min, germination energy increased by 20–31 % for pine and by 6–18 % for spruce compared to the control (soaking in distilled water). Technical germination of pine seeds increased by 11–21 %, for spruce by 3–16 %. The results of research show changes in the structure and composition of the nutrient substance of the seed, in the structure of the germ and the degree of its development. Analysis of the chemical composition of seed endosperm a day after soaking relative to dry seeds showed an increase in its carbon content by 2–3 % and a decrease in oxygen by 1 %; potassium – by 0.5 %. When seeds were soaked in distilled water, the content of phosphorus in the endosperm decreased by 0.15 %, and the content of sodium – by 0.2 %. For seeds soaked in plasma treated water, phosphorus content decreased by 0.21–0.22 % and sodium content was not observed. Soaking seeds in plasma-treated water stimulates the processes of their preparation for germination and differentiation of germ tissues (formation of seed pods), compared to seeds soaked in water. For citation: Gavrilova O.I., Gostev K.V. Use of Plasma-treated Water to Prepare Seeds of Coniferous Species for Sowing. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 5, pp. 204–211. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-5-204-211

IMPROVED TECHNOLOGIES FOR GROWING SEEDLINGS OF FOREST-FORMING SPECIES IN THE VOLGOGRAD REGION

Background. Issues on improvement of technologies of cultivation of planting material are associated with the need to intensify this process to provide an accessible and adapted assortment of woody species. Modern strategies for implementation of natural climatic solutions on degraded lands of Volgograd region provide for attraction of forest-forming adaptive tree species: Quercus (39,8%), Pinus (15,8%), Populus (7,5%).
 Purpose. Improve the technology of production of Quercus robur planting material.
 Materials and methods. On the basis of the Nizhnevolzhsk tree breeding station - a branch of the Federal Research Center of Agroecology RAS (Kamyshin, Volgograd Region), outdoor and indoor plots were allocated to improve production technology. Certified seed material Quercus robur L. (certificate of quality №34/25675, 34/25727) was used in the experiments. To ensure optimal conditions for development, the scheme of irrigation and nutrient regime (ammonium nitrate, Solar universal) were developed. Experimental data on the growth of seedlings were processed by methods of mathematical processing. The standard of seedlings is determined in accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Natural Resources of Russia from 04.12.2020 № 1014.
 Results. The effectiveness of growing seedlings Quercus robur L. with closed and open root systems is shown. The characteristics of the substrate are given, the regime of mineral nutrition, as well as the regime of watering to maintain the optimum temperature and humidity of the air and substrate are developed. Analysis of the dynamics of biometric data of plants with closed root system showed that 92% reached the standard within 2 months, with open root system - 56% of seedlings at the end of the growing season.
 Conclusion. According to the indicators of quality, time and volume of production, the advantage of the technology of growing Q. robur L. with closed root system.

The current status and future prospects for the production of ornamental planting materials in forestry nurseries in Ukraine

The reduced demand for seedlings has created the conditions for the introduction of new profitable production areas, such as the cultivation of ornamental seedlings of woody plants. Therefore, there is a need to explore new ways to increase the profitability of growing ornamental plants. The purpose of this study was to investigate and estimate the capacity and condition of the forestry industry’s planting base, identify its main problems, available reserves, and outline the main ways to improve its efficiency under self-financing conditions. The methodological framework was based on general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, and generalisation, which allowed for the investigation of the reporting materials of forestry enterprises and statistical data of the State Agency of Forest Resources.The study characterised the state of seedling production of forestry enterprises and trends in the dynamics of its production capacities during the period of the State Target Programme “Forests of Ukraine” for 2010-2015 (the last 4 years of 2012-2015) and after its completion (2016-2019). The study indicated the favourable conditions and expediency of increasing the production of ornamental planting material. The prospects for the wider introduction of the production of ornamental planting material in forestry nurseries were identified. The ways of modernisation of ornamental seedling production of forestry enterprises and increase of its profitability were proposed and substantiated. It was emphasised that the increase in the production of ornamental planting material in nurseries and the implementation of the recommended measures will not only increase the flow of extra-budgetary funds, but will also contribute to the modernisation of the process of growing forest seedlings, including those with a closed root system, as well as improve their quality. The results obtained will help accelerate a scientifically sound solution of problems related to modernisation and efficiency in the production of ornamental planting materials in nurseries. This, in turn, will help attract additional financial resources for forestry enterprises

Восстановление регрессирующих популяций Populus diversifolia Schrenk в поймах рек Или и Сырдарья с применением клонирования in vitro

Восстановление регрессирующих популяций Populus diversifolia Schrenk эффективно проводить с применением клонирования in vitro, что позволяет ускоренно и в массовом количестве получать посадочный материал в контейнерах с закрытой корневой системой и высадить растения в естественную среду обитания. Введение P. diversifolia в культуру in vitro эффективно проводить в зимний период после завершения физиологического покоя. Однолетние одревесневшие черенки длиной 6–7 см с 2–3 почками из отобранных плюсовых деревьев стерилизовали от сапрофитной микрофлоры отбеливателем «Белизна» (1:1) 10 мин и раствором 0,1% HgCl2 5 мин и помещали на среду. Оптимальная среда для клонального микроразмножения — МС, БАП-0,1 мг/л; ГК-0,02 мг/л; В1-0,5 мг/л; глюкоза 20 г/л.Для перевода растений из in vitro в контейнерную культуру лучшим субстратом является торф + чернозем + песок, 50/40/10 соответственно. Для восстановления тугайных лесов, 225 шт саженцев в контейнерах (ЗКС) высадили на территории КГУ «Баканасское лесное хозяйство» в дельте р. Или, и 200 шт на территории КГУ «Отрарское государственное учреждение по охране лесов и животного мира» в дельте реки Сырдарья. Приживаемость саженцев в дельте реки Или составила 95 %, в дельте реки Сырдарья 43 %.

Влияние индивидуальной массы семян сосны обыкновенной (Pinus sylvestris L.) сорта «Негорельская» на 30-дневное прорастание в 40-ячеистых SideSlit-контейнерах

The seeds germination of the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is an important stage of the tree's life cycle and determines the subsequent productivity and survival, ultimately affecting the composition of the plant community. Germination is related to various biological characteristics of seeds, including individual seed mass. The amount of endosperm nutrients contained in sound seeds can determine the energy available for germination. Experimental evidence of the influence of individual seed mass on germination is still quite small. To test the technology of planting material production with a closed root system, taking into account the individual spectrometric and morphometric features of the Negorelskaya variety for each varietal seed of the Scots pine (P. sylvestris L.), three random sets of 400 de-winged seeds (N = 1200) were sown manually in 40-mesh SideSlit containers of an automated forest nursery. To test the hypothesis about the influence of the individual seed mass of the Scots pine (P. sylvestris L.) varieties "Negorelskaya" on the indicators of its germination in SideSlit containers on the 30th day, a single-factor analysis of variance was used with a check of uniformity according to the Levene's criterion and a posteriori LSD test of averages. The individual mass of the sown seeds varied from 1.0 to 13.3 mg (m ± SD | 60.1 ± 17.5 mg). The average values of the germination index of the seeds of Negorelskaya variety Scots pine (P. sylvestris L.) on day 30 in the volume of 6,8,12,16,18,26 SideSlit containers statistically (Levene's criterion 6.35, p = 1.98e-22; ANOVA F-criterion 1.291, p = 0.0139; a posteriori criterion LSD p < 0.05) differ from the indicator in 2,7,10,11,13,19,22,24,26,27,29 containers. The average values of the individual mass of 942 seeds germinated on the 30th day in the cells of SideSlit containers of the automated forest nursery statistically (Levene's criterion 11.317; p = 0.000792; ANOVA F-criterion 12.098; p = 0.000523) differ from the average values of the individual weight of the ungrown 258 seeds of the Negorelskaya variety Scots pine (P. sylvestris L.). In the future, this seed germination on day 50 in SideSlit containers and comprehensive quality indicators of the seedlings, including DQI and RQI, will be studied.

The Practice of Combating Marshantsi (Marchantia polymorpha L.), Which is Changeable in the Cultivation of Scots Pine Seedlings with a Closed Root System, in Relation to Greenhouse Complexes of the Irkutsk Region

One of the main tasks defined by the legislation in the field of reforestation is to increase the volume of cultivation of planting material with a closed root system (PMZKS) for use in its silvicultural production. This determines the increased research and production interest in both domestic and foreign experience in growing PMZKS. Technological features of container cultivation of plants in greenhouses are characterized by the presence of some problems that significantly reduce the quality of planting material and the yield of products per unit area. One of them is the problem of the growth of bryophyte plants (including Marchantia polymorpha L.) on the surface of the nutrient substrate. Forest nurseries in the European part of Russia and Siberia have faced this problem in recent years, while in the countries of North America and Europe' development of measures to combat volatile marching has long been relevant in both agriculture and forestry. In this paper, based on the analysis of theoretical and practical data, we considered the factors determining the negative impact of marchant changeable on the growth and development of seedlings of Scots pine. The paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of various measures to suppress the marching of variable in the closed and open ground of nurseries. Recommendations for growing seedlings of Scots pine with a closed root system, for preventing the appearance and growth of variable marschantia in the conditions of the Irkutsk region on the example of the greenhouse complex of Magistral-Transit LLC have been developed and implemented.

Анализ воздействия ветровой нагрузки на каркас теплицы для выращивания сеянцев с закрытой корневой системой

Reforestation is one of the priorities of the state policy of the Russian Federation. Artificial recreation of forests, including a closed root system seedling cultivation technology, has shown its high efficiency in the conditions where natural recovery didn’t develop at the proper extent, especially in the areas affected by large-scale clearcuts and crown fires. Despite the high cost of the closed root system seedling cultivation technology, it is economically viable due to the high survival rate of the plants and the possibility to carry out the planting process over a long period of time. The industrial greenhouses are used for this technology and their construction engineering must consider the influence of external stress, including wind load that depends on the territorial location of the structure. The purpose of the study is to justify the construction characteristics of a greenhouse frame with a sufficient strength for the cultivation of seedlings with the closed root system. The object of the study is a rigid frame model of the greenhouse. The study was performed in the climate conditions of the Krasnoyarsk Krai. The stress and strain analyss are made on the greenhouse construction elements under the conditions of their own weight and wind load using the method for solid modelling. The principal and the peak loads, the dimensions of the most stained areas, the influence of the wind load in these regions are calculated by applying the finite element algorithm for stress analysis simulated in a CAD software. The recommendations for the optimization of the structure are given. For citation: Chernik D.V., Avdeeva E.V., Chernik K.N., Rovnykh N.L. Analysis of Wind Load Effect on Greenhouse Frame for Cultivation Seedlings with Closed Root System. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 2, pp. 195–201. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-2-195-201

Рост и развитие лесных культур сосны обыкновенной, созданных посадочным материалом с закрытой и открытой корневой системой, в различных условиях Республики Татарстан

The results of studies concerning the growth and development of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forest plantations created by using seedlings with a root-balled system (RBS) and their comparison with forest plantations created by using ordinary seedlings with an bareroot system (BRS) in various forest-growing conditions in the Republic of Tatarstan are presented. Measurements of biometric parameters of plants were carried out in an amount that ensures the accuracy of average statistical indicators within 5 %. For each plant, the height, the annual growth of the axial shoot in height, the diameter at the root neck, the length of the main and lateral roots were measured. Research materials have established that forest plantations of Scots pine, created on lighter soils in forest conditions B1–3, are significantly behind in development from forest plantations created on soils richer in agrochemical characteristics C1–3. The creation of forest plantations on such soils requires the use of fertilizers and other measures of agrotechnical care for plantings. When creating forest crops with seedlings with BRS in forest conditions D2–3, on soils with a heavy granulometric composition (ordinary and leached chernozems), a significant decrease in the growth rate of seedlings was revealed. The use of planting material grown under the conditions of a closed root system (BRS) for the creation of forest plantations of Scots pine in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan requires further scientific justification. The results of using planting material with a root-balled system are ambiguous and require an appropriate pilot test.

Influence of winter storage methods of acorns on the development and growth processes of common oak

The economic value and biological stability of common oak stands (Quercus robur L.), grown from acorns is substantially higher in comparison with plantings of undergrowth origin. Therefore, the cultivation of acorn oak stands is relevant and promising, especially where there is no natural restoration of oak. The purpose of the study was the improvement of seed production technology and cultivation of high-quality planting material of common oak seeds with various methods of winter storage to expand the area of oak forests. In the course of the study, forest-cultural (determination of quality indicators of acorns, planting material, and forest cultures), biometric (determination of growth indicators and mass of planting material), and classical statistical research methods were used. The study was conducted on the territory of the forest fund of the Hertsaevsky state special Forestry and Kuzmynsky Forestry branches of “Chernivtsi Forestry” of the state specialised economic enterprise “Forests of Ukraine”. It is shown that each of the winter storing methods of acorns of common oak has its own advantages and disadvantages, which are more or less manifested in different methods of cultivation. As a result of comparing the influence of different cultivation methods on the development of common oak plants grown from seeds stored in a trench method, it was determined that the best growth parameters of the aboveground part of plants were observed when using the larding method. However, the least intensive development of the root system was observed when growing oak with a closed root system. It was found that the weighted average biometric indicators of the growth processes of common oak plants grown from seeds that were stored in tap water were the highest when growing acorns by larding. It is proved that the experimental plants of common oak grown from seeds that were stored in a cellar with sand lagged behind in the development of the aboveground part when grown by a landing method. It was established that the root system developed worse when growing plants with an open root system. The proposed acorn storage technology can be applied to improve the efficiency and quality of reproduction of oak stands by forestry enterprises in Ukraine

Evaluation the effect of different doses of mineral fertilizers on the height growth of forest seedlings: A case study of Chatkal ridge

This article describes the effects of different mineral fertilizer doses on the growth and development of seedlings of four forest-forming species grown with a closed root system on the western and southern slopes of the Chatkal ridge. The results show that different fertilizer doses have various effects on different types of seedlings. The effect of fertilizers on improving the growth of forest crops in the first year was not fully manifested, since growth buds were laid a year before fertilization against a natural background of growth conditions. Plants that had received more nutrients the year before grew the year ahead after fertilization, and a beneficial effect became apparent. The rate of fertilizer N90P90 K60 was more effective on pine growth on the western slope, while N120P180K60 showed high results on the southern. Oak on both slopes was better affected by a lower dose of fertilizer, hawthorn on both slopes by higher doses, and both doses had roughly the same effect on an apple tree. Therefore, for the apple trees, it can be recommended, as for oak, the depositing of a smaller dose due to the lower cost.

Параметры компенсации почвенного влагодефицита при высадке сеянцев Pinus sylvestris L. с закрытой корневой системой на гарях ленточных боров

The research goal was to determine the soil moisture deficiency and the normalizing parameters of moisture compensation for planting seedlings of the pínus sylvéstris culture with a closed root system on burning in a dry-steppe climatic zone. The research was carried out in the southern part of the Barnaul ribbon of ribbon pine forests of the Altai region. Common, productive and hard-to-reach moisture reserves in the soil were determined. The observations were carried out at different times and on different elements of the mesorelief. Studies have shown that the moisture parameters of a twenty-centimeter soil layer over the entire measurement period reach critically small values on all the mesorelief elements considered. The maximum natural moisture content was observed in the lowland during July observations. The lowest natural moisture reserve was recorded in September on the southern slope. The maximum moisture defi cit was about 16 mm for a twenty-centimeter layer of the studied soil and 50 mm for a meter layer and was determined by the observation period, as well as the exposure of the mesorelief. With artifi cial reforestation of Pínus sylvéstris L. in the area of research by seedlings with a closed root system, the moisture compensation parameters are at least 70-150 t/ha for a soil layer of 0-0.2 m and 170-490 t/ha for a layer of 0-1.0 m. The calculated parameters of water defi ciency and moisture compensation in soil layers can be useful when planning reforestation works.

Influence of carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) colloid on irrigation frequency of planting material with a closed root system

This article discusses the impact of different amounts of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) colloid on the frequency of watering seedlings with a closed root system in containers. The study found that increasing the CMC dose from 0.05% to 2.0% of the dry soil mass resulted in a decrease in the number of irrigations per month during summer from 5-6 to 2-3, an increase in the frequency from 5-6 to 11-16 days, and a reduction in the volume of irrigation water per container from 3700 cm3 to 2250 cm3 during the growing season. However, it should be noted that doses higher than 0.4% resulted in the formation of a thick soil crust in the containers, which negatively affected seed germination and plant growth.