Growth and anthocyanins of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., ‘Mid-season’) grown under LED lamps with blue light in the range of 430-470 nm or with red light in the range of 630-670 nm were analyzed in this study. Cool-white fluorescent light was used as the control. Photosynthetic photon flux, photoperiod, air temperature, relative humidity, and CO2 concentration in a closed plant production system were 201 ± 2 μmol・m -2 ・s -1 , 16/8 hours (day/night), 22/18°C, 70%, and 400 μmol・mol -1 , respectively. At 21 days after light quality treatment, growth characteristics and anthocyanins content of lettuce as affected by the peak wavelength of blue or red LED were significantly different. Among peak wavelengths treated in this stusy, R1 treatment (peak wavelength 634 nm) and R6 treatment (peak wavelength 659 nm) were effective for increasing leaf width, leaf area, shoot fresh weight, and photosynthetic rate of lettuce. B5 treatment (peak wavelength 450 nm) and B4 treatment (peak wavelength 446 nm) increased the anthocyanins concentration and chlorophyll content in lettuce leaves, respectively. Anthocyanins in lettuce leaves increased linearly with decreasing hue value of leaf color and with increasing SPAD value of lettuce leaves. From these results, it was concluded that the red LED with peak wavelengths of 634 nm and 659 nm and the blue LED with peak wavelengths of 450 nm can be used as potential light spectra for increasing the yield and anthocyanins accumulation of leafy vegetable. Additional key words: artificial lighting source, chlorophyll content, leaf color, photosynthetic rate, phytochemicals, plant factory *Corresponding author: yhkim@jbnu.ac.kr ※ Received 16 September 2013; Revised 9 December 2013; Accepted 5 February 2014. 본 연구는 농촌진흥청 공동연구사업(과제번호: PJ907043) 의 지원에 의해 이루어진 것임. C 2014 Korean Society for Horticultural Science 서 언 발광다이오드(light-emitting diodes, LED)는 소형으로서, 높은 신뢰성과 응답성을 지니고 있으며, 전력소모가 낮고, 수명이 길며, 광합성속도에 영향을 미치는 펄스 조사가 가 능한 점 등의 장점을 지니고 있다(Barta et al., 1992; Kim, 1999; Tennessen et al., 1995). 때문에 LED를 식물조직배양 (Eun et al., 2000), 과채류의 보광재배(An et al., 2011; Brown et al., 1995; Lee et al., 2012), 접목묘의 활착(Kim and Park, 2003), 식물공장 또는 폐쇄형 식물 생산시스템의 인공광원 (Johkan et al., 2010)으로 활용하기 위한 연구가 활발하게 이루어지고 있다.