Closest Neighbours Research Articles

Word learning in the context of semantic prior knowledge: evidence of interference from feature-based neighbours in children and adults

ABSTRACT The presence of phonological neighbours facilitates word-form learning, suggesting that prior phonological knowledge supports vocabulary acquisition. We tested whether prior semantic knowledge similarly benefits word learning by teaching 7-to-10-year-old children (Experiment 1) and adults (Experiment 2) pseudowords assigned to novel concepts with low or high semantic neighbourhood density according to feature norms. Form recall, definition recall, and semantic categorisation tasks were administered immediately after training, the next day, and one week later. Across sessions, pseudowords assigned to low-density (versus high-density) semantic neighbourhood concepts elicited better word-form recall (for adults) and better meaning recall (for children). Exploratory cross-experiment analyses demonstrated that the neighbourhood influence was most robust for recalling meanings. Children showed greater gains in form recall than adults across the week, regardless of links to semantic knowledge. While the results suggest that close semantic neighbours interfere with word learning, we consider alternative semantic dimensions that may be beneficial.

Praktik Gadai Sawah di Desa Sukamulih Kampung Bojong Kecamatan Sukajaya Bogor Dan Kesesuaiannya Dalam Prinsip Ekonomi Syariah

In recent years, people have preferred rahn contracts to solve the economic problems they face. One of the reasons behind the implementation of pawning by the community is because the process of pawning does not take a long time. One of the pawning practices is the pawning of rice fields carried out by the people of Sukamuliah Village, Bojong Village, Sukajaya District, Bogor. This is done to deal with economic problems, they are used to pawning fields between close relatives or neighbors. This study uses qualitative methods with observation, interviews and documentation.The results showed that, Pawning the fields was only carried out between parties in a familial manner, not reported to the Bojong, nagari, or sub-district government. The pawned rice fields remained the property of rahin even though they were in the hands of the murtahin as long as the rahin had not paid off the debt. and Judging from its suitability in sharia economic principles, the practice of pawning fields carried out by the people of Kampung Bojong is not in accordance with the Qur'an and Hadith. Because the excessive use of marhun by murtahin and the practice is not in accordance with the elements of adl and ta'awun contained in the values ​​of Islamic Economics.
 Keywords : Pawn, Rahn, Pawn Paddy.

Challenges of Participation in Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands: Christian – Assyrian and Muslim – Turk Immigrants

This article discusses the challenges of participation of the first-generation Christian – Assyrian and Muslim – Turk immigrants in Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands – countries that implement different multicultural and civil integration policies. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with Christian – Assyrian and Muslim – Turk immigrants born in Turkey and migrating to Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands. Their ages are between 45 and 72 years old. They have different levels of education. Assyrians are proficient in multiple languages (Assyrian, Arabic, Kurdish, Turkish); Turks in Turkish and some of them in English, other than the host languages. The majority have citizenship in the host country. Based on the interviews, the research identifies four challenges: identification, contact, language, and discrimination – racism. The findings show that Assyrian immigrants have a strong connection with their ‘Assyrian’ identity due in part to the genocide in 1915 that they call ‘Seyfo’, and Turk immigrants have a more mixed sense of identification in their home and host cultures. Both Assyrian and Turk interlocutors have close immigrant friends and neighbours; having similar activities or hobbies increase their chances to contact with the native citizens. The barriers reported are the lack of language proficiency, unequal working conditions, and perceptions of racial and religious discrimination in education, employment, housing and social life. The findings of this study suggest that both Assyrian and Turk interlocutors want to be accepted as part of the host society without losing their sense of cultural particularity. This poses no threat to the host society, and policies should be designed that support diversity and encourage the participation of immigrants.

Deployment of second-order networked mobile agents over a smooth curve

In this paper, we investigate second-order deployment of multiple mobile agents over a C2 curve in 2D or 3D space. We assume that an informed agent in the group can measure its relative position with respect to the given curve and velocity, other agents have access to the local information about the given curve as well as the position and velocity in regard to their closest neighbors, where the agent dynamics is described by a strongly damped wave equation. Without delay, we establish a boundary control law for the informed agent. When taking into account time-varying delay, we assume that the informed agent transmits its measurements to its neighbors through a communication mechanism. Given appropriate controller gains, second-order deployment can be achieved with an exponential decay. Finally, some simulation results are presented to illustrate our theoretical results.

Use of Moving Average Convergence Divergence for Predicting Price Movements

The main purpose of this study is to carrying out how Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) works for predicting price of securities and to assist investment decisions. It is one of the powerful technical indicators, which is frequently used by technical analysist in stock market. However, most tests fail to verify performance with traditional parameter settings of 12, 26, and 9 days. This technique consists of a combination of close neighbor classification and some well-known tools of technical analysis, namely, stop loss or stop profit. In order to evaluate the potential use of the proposed method in practice, we compare the results obtained with the results obtained by adopting the buy and hold strategy. This paper shows how trade signal generated by this indicator can be used to minimize trading risk in markets. This study also tests which model is able to improve profitability by applying additional criteria to avoid false trade signals. The key performance measure in this technique is profitability. Technical analysis is used to assist in properly timing entry and exit points, when to buy and sell of stocks?

Russians in Wartime and Defensive Consolidation

Apart from some protests, most ordinary Russians have not overtly opposed their country’s invasion of Ukraine, but nor do they appear to support it enthusiastically. Long-term ethnographic research in the country suggests that Russians have entered a phase of “defensive consolidation,” a psychological means of coping with a state that does little for their welfare and has now left the country largely isolated with its military aggression against its closest neighbor. In the search for lost collective purpose since the collapse of the Soviet Union, patriotism is imbued with nostalgia and desperation.

Relativization in Kaakye

This paper describes the relative clause (RC) in Kaakye, a Kwa (Niger-Congo) language. Evidence is provided to show that Kaakye RC is strictly postnominal and that both the head noun and its referent within the RC are obligatorily expressed. Unlike RCs in some Kwa languages that are close neighbours, the head noun in a Kaakye RC obligatorily takes a determiner. The language also uses the pronoun retention strategy to indicate the canonical positions the head noun occupies in the RC. Where the pronoun retention strategy is used, a resumptive pronoun co-references the head noun in person, number, and animacy to explicitly state the referent of the head noun within the RC. Based on the available synchronic data, we argue that Kaakye object resumptives in RCs are number sensitive unlike other Kwa languages. The paper further demonstrates that all NP positions on the Accessibility Hierarchy are relativizable.

Isolation of Pseudomonas aromaticivorans sp. nov from a hydrocarbon-contaminated groundwater capable of degrading benzene-, toluene-, m- and p-xylene under microaerobic conditions.

Members of the genus Pseudomonas are known to be widespread in hydrocarbon contaminated environments because of their remarkable ability to degrade a variety of petroleum hydrocarbons, including BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene) compounds. During an enrichment investigation which aimed to study microaerobic xylene degradation in a legacy petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated groundwater, a novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated as MAP12T was isolated. It was capable of degrading benzene, toluene, meta- and para- xylene effectively under both aerobic and microaerobic conditions. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain MAP12T belongs to the genus Pseudomonas, with the highest 16S rRNA gene similarity to Pseudomonas linyingensis LYBRD3-7T (98.42%), followed by Pseudomonas sagittaria JCM 18195T (98.29%) and Pseudomonas alcaliphila JCM 10630T (98.08%). Phylogenomic tree constructed using a concatenated alignment of 92 core genes indicated that strain MAP12T is distinct from any known Pseudomonas species. The draft genome sequence of strain MAP12T is 4.36 Mb long, and the G+C content of MAP12T genome is 65.8%. Orthologous average nucleotide identity (OrthoANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) analyses confirmed that strain MAP12T is distinctly separated from its closest neighbors (OrthoANI < 89 %; dDDH < 36%). Though several members of the genus Pseudomonas are well known for their aerobic BTEX degradation capability, this is the first report of a novel Pseudomonas species capable of degrading xylene under microaerobic conditions. By applying genome-resolved metagenomics, we were able to partially reconstruct the genome of strain MAP12T from metagenomics sequence data and showed that strain MAP12T was an abundant member of the xylene-degrading bacterial community under microaerobic conditions. Strain MAP12T contains ubiquinone 9 (Q9) as the major respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine as major polar lipids. The major cellular fatty acids of strain MAP12T are summed feature 3 (C16:1ω6c and/or C16:1ω7c), C16:0 and summed feature 8 (C18:1ω6c and/or C18:1ω7c). The results of this polyphasic study support that strain MAP12T represents a novel species of the genus Pseudomonas, hence the name of Pseudomonas aromaticivorans sp. nov. is proposed for this strain considering its aromatic hydrocarbon degradation capability. The type strain is MAP12T (=LMG 32466, =NCAIM B.02668).

Tradisi Ter-ater dalam Harmonisasi Sosial: Resolusi Konflik dalam Kontestasi Pilkades Bilapora Barat

This study aims to see how the tradition of ter-ater (distributing something, usually food, to relatives and close neighbors) of the Madurese community is able to become a solution to the conflicts that arise during the Village Head Election (Pilkades) in West Bilapora. This study uses Max Weber's theory of action and the theory of hegemony offered by Gramsci. This research concludes that ter-ater can have direct implications in the conflict of two or more parties, if it is carried out by people in power who become community leaders. During the pre-election period, giving ateran to rivals is almost an error, which engenders misgivings. However, giving ateran to the people will generate sympathy for the candidate. Post-election, ter-ater can become a symbol for the village head's effort to open "new doors" toward social harmonization.

MÖ 3. Binyıl Mezopotamya Yazılı Kaynaklarında Elam: Awan Hanedanlığı

In this study, the political relationship between Mesopotamia and Elam in third millennium BC has been dwelled on and Elam’s political history has been aimed to be enlightened. In the subject period, the two dynasties, named respectively Awan and Šimaški, have become prominent politically in Elam. However, here, almost contemporary with the Third Dynasty of Ur, Šimaški Dynasty has been out of scope, the process when Elam's first appearance on history, from 27th century BC to 2100 BC has been discussed. In this period, due to the lack of domestic resources scarcely any, Elamite history, except for a few examples, has been learned in the light of the written sources coming from Mesopotamia. In this context, the sources of the Early Dynasties and Akkadian periods were examined, and they have been compared with the written documents, when necessary by using the archaeological findings. Nevertheless, local sources that are very few also were mentioned. The only king of Elam who left epigraphs after himself, Puzur-Inšušinak's epigraphs were analyzed by including in this study.&#x0D; Elam, which existed in the southwest of Iran from the beginning of the third millennium BC until the Persian period, has had cultural, economic and political relations with the civilizations in its close neighbor Mesopotamia since the early periods of history. Even though it is known that cultural and economic relations are to be known since prehistoric periods, the first information about political relations dates to the Early Dynastic Period, 27th century BC. In the Early Dynastic period, Elam had political contacts with Kiš, Ur, and Lagaš city-states.&#x0D; During the Akkadian period, some parts of Elam lands were under the control of this state. Akkadian Kings, starting from Sargon the Great until the Šar-Kali-Šarri period, organized many expeditions on Elam. As a result of the collapse of Akkad, the last king of the Awan Dynasty, Puzur-Inšušinak, managed to achieve political unity. But, this case did not last long, Ur-Nammu, who established the Third Dynasty of Ur, vanquished Puzur-Inšušinak.

Maternal and Neonatal Characteristics and its Contact Tracing of Covid-19 in Pregnancy in Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital

Pregnant women might be at greater risk for common pregnancy complications and baby abnormalities if they are infected with COVID-19. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the characteristics of pregnant women with COVID-19, using secondary data from medical records of subjects treated with COVID-19 at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital from January to June 2021. 102 pregnant women with confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled and 77 were delivered during admission. Enrolled subjects mostly consisted of multigravidas 58 (56.8%) between 29-36 weeks gestation 42 (41.1%). No comorbidities were present in the majority of subjects that were enrolled. Most presented with mild symptoms 50 (49%) and 21 (20,6%) with moderate symptoms. Most were delivered by Caesarean section (CS) a total of 58 out of 102 cases (75.4%). A total of 8 (7.9%) of those with severe cases with acute respiratory distress syndrome were admitted to intensive care. Pulmonary consolidation corresponding to pneumonia on chest x-ray were findings in 43 (42.2%) women. The majority of neonates born 36 (37.1%) had a birth weight of 1500-2499 grams. The were no positive COVID-19 findings of neonatal nasopharyngeal swab results. Perinatal complications occurred in 28 (36.3%) neonates that experienced respiratory distress and 22 (28.6%) experienced neonatal sepsis. A total of 44 (57.1%) infants with birth weight &lt;2500 grams. Among these neonates 41 (55.4%) required NICU admission, 10 (13.5%) required ventilators due to respiratory distress. Most of the subjects on contact tracing, contracted COVID-19 from their neighbors or close relatives; 56(54.9%). There was 1 case of maternal death. In addition, we found that most of COVID-19 transmissions originated from asymptomatic close relatives and neighbors.

Hyperspectral Image Classification Based on Novel Hybridization of Spatial-Spectral-Superpixelwise Principal Component Analysis and Dense 2D-3D Convolutional Neural Network Fusion Architecture

We propose a hybridized technique named Spatial-Spectral-Superpixelwise PCA-based Dense 2D-3D CNN Fusion Architecture (3SPCA-D-2D-3D-CNN), that deals with the detailed and complex study of dimensionality reduction and classification of Hyperspectal images (HSI). Our work is 2-fold: At first (1), 3SPCA is applied on raw HSI that adopts superpixels-based local reconstruction to filter the images, whereas PCA-based supplementary global features acquire the relevant and low-dimensional local features. Every HSI pixel is reconstituted by the pixels of its closest neighbors in the same superpixel block to reduce noise and improve spatial information. Next, PCA is conducted on every zone and the full HSI to get local and global features. The local-global and spatial-spectral properties are then concatenated. Secondly (2), the D-2D-3D-CNN fusion architecture is made up of three 3D convolution blocks, two 2D convolution blocks with varied kernel sizes and filters, and four fully connected (FC) dense layers, totaling nine distinguishing and information-enriched features. These features can generate precise class labels and apply them to the appropriate landcovers. The proposed method has been applied to three publicly available HSI landcover datasets, the Indian Pines, the Salinas Valley, and the Pavia University. It achieved respectively 98.33%, 99.99%, and 98.73% average accuracy scores. Due to its improved Feature Extraction capacity from a limited number of training samples and its classification performance with fewer epochs, this method outperforms other relevant state-of-the-art CNN-based methods.

A parameter-free graph reduction for spectral clustering and SpectralNet

Graph-based clustering methods like spectral clustering and SpectralNet are very efficient in detecting clusters of non-convex shapes. Unlike the popular k-means, graph-based clustering methods do not assume that each cluster has a single mean. However, these methods need a graph where vertices in the same cluster are connected by edges of large weights. To achieve this goal, many studies have proposed graph reduction methods with parameters. Unfortunately, these parameters have to be tuned for every dataset. We introduce a graph reduction method that does not require any parameters. First, the distances from every point p to its neighbors are filtered using an adaptive threshold to only keep neighbors with similar surrounding density. Second, the similarities with close neighbors are computed and only high similarities are kept. The edges that survive these two filtering steps form the constructed graph that was passed to spectral clustering and SpectralNet. The experiments showed that our method provides a stable alternative, where other methods’ performance fluctuated according to the setting of their parameters.

Content‐based image retrieval using color and a novel texture descriptor: orientational‐based local binary pattern

SummaryThe increasing use of images and multimedia has led, in the past years, to a major growth of data and images to store. With this, comes the importance of having a way to facilitate the indexing and the retrieval of the images. In this article, we present a new method for content‐based image retrieval. The proposed approach is composed of two phases: first, a preselection of relevant images from the initial database based on HSV color space and using color moment information. The second phase relies on using the selected images from the first phase as a new database and extracting the texture feature using a novel descriptor called orientational‐based local binary pattern (OB‐LBP) derived from the traditional LBP texture feature technique. In the proposed descriptor (OB‐LBP) we compare each neighbor of the center pixel (of 3 × 3 window) with its three closest neighbors and form a binary code of three components for each pixel, then based on their directions we generate three images and produce the histogram to extract the final feature descriptor. Corel‐10 k and Wang's databases were used to evaluate the proposed method. The results show a significant improvement in the proposed method over existing methods.

K Nearest Neighbor Imputation Performance on Missing Value Data Graduate User Satisfaction

A missing value is a common problem of most data processing in scientific research, which results in a lack of accuracy of research results. Several methods have been applied as a missing value solution, such as deleting all data that have a missing value, or replacing missing values with statistical estimates using one calculated value such as, mean, median, min, max, and most frequent methods. Maximum likelihood and expectancy maximization, and machine learning methods such as K Nearest Neighbor (KNN). This research uses KNN Imputation to predict the missing value. The data used is data from a questionnaire survey of graduate user satisfaction levels with seven assessment criteria, namely ethics, expertise in the field of science (main competence), foreign language skills, foreign language skills, use of information technology, communication skills, cooperation, and self-development. The results of testing imputation predictions using KNNI on user satisfaction level data for STMIK PPKIA Tarakanita Rahmawati graduates from 2018 to 2021. Where using the five k closest neighbors, namely 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20, the error value of the k nearest neighbors is 5 in RMSE is 0, 316 while the error value using MAPE is 3,33 %, both values are smaller than the value of k other nearest neighbors. K nearest neighbor 5 is the best imputation prediction result, both calculated by RMSE and MAPE, even in MAPE the error value is below 10%, which means it is very good.&#x0D;

Local intermolecular structure, hydrogen bonding and related dynamics in the liquid cis/trans N-methylformamide mixture: A density functional theory based Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics study

The local intermolecular structure and related dynamics in the liquid cis/trans N-methylformamide mixture at ambient temperature and density conditions have been systematically studied by employing Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulation techniques. Particular attention has been paid to the local structure around the cis- and trans- conformers and the formation and dynamics of hydrogen bonds with their closest neighbors. The calculated atom–atom radial distribution functions are in very good agreement with available experimental data and reveal the existence of different types of hydrogen bonding intermolecular interactions. The average number of hydrogen bonds formed by the cis- conformers is higher in comparison with the one corresponding to the trans- conformers. Moreover, the lifetimes of the hydrogen bonds formed in the liquid are longer when the cis- conformers participate in the bond formation, either as donors or acceptors. These findings clearly indicate that the local structural network around the cis- conformers in the liquid is more cohesive. The latter finding is also reflected in the slower reorientational dynamics of the cis- conformers and the low- and high-frequency region of the spectral densities of the atomic velocity time correlation functions. Finally, the calculated average dipole moments of the trans- and cis- conformers are significantly higher than their corresponding gas-phase values, signifying the importance of polarization effects in this particular polar liquid solvent.

Shewanella oncorhynchi sp. nov., a novel member of the genus Shewanella, isolated from Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

A strain, S-1T was isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exhibiting clinical symptoms of lens atrophy, inappetence, visual impairment and growth retardation. The strain was identified as representing a member of the genus Shewanella on the basis of the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that S-1T clustered with Shewanella putrefaciens JCM 20190T, Shewanella profunda DSM 15900T, and Shewanella hafniensis P010T, sharing 99.3, 98.8 and 87.7% 16S rRNA gene similarities, respectively. A polyphasic taxonomic approach including phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genomic characterization was employed to ascertain the taxonomic position of S-1T within the genus Shewanella. The overall genome relatedness indices (OGRI) for S-1T compared with the most closely related type strains S. hafniensis ATCC BAA-1207T, Shewanella baltica NCTC 10735T, S. putrefaciens ATCC 8071T and S. profunda DSM 15900T were calculated as 40.8, 40.1, 28.5 and 27.3% for digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH), and 91.6, 91.0, 86.3 and 85.1% for average nucleotide identity (ANI), respectively. OGRI values between S-1T and its close neighbours confirmed that the strain represents a novel species in the genus Shewanella.The DNA G+C content of the strain is 45.2%. Major fatty acids were C17 : 1ω8c, C15 : 0iso, and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1ω6c and/or C16 : 1ω7c). The predominant polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phospholipid, amino-phospholipid and unidentified lipids. The major respiratory quinones were ubiquinone-8, ubiquinone-7 and menaquinone-7. Chemotaxonomic and phylogenomic analyses of this isolate confirmed that the strain represents a novel species for which the name Shewanella oncorhynchi sp. nov. is proposed, with S-1T as the type strain (JCM 34183T= KCTC 82249T).

On the impact of different electricity markets on the operation of a network of microgrids in remote areas

The development of distributed energy generation, often aggregated to form micro- or nano- grids based on power generation from renewable sources, or small-size generators make it easier to electrify remote and isolated areas. In addition to privately owned generation capacities, it could be feasible and profitable to sell/buy the excess energy to/from the closest neighbors, giving rise to “peer-to-peer” forms of energy trades. Despite that peer-to-peer trading has been widely discussed in the literature, the organization of isolated markets with limited small capacities is still a subject of study and discussion in the power community. In this paper, we evaluate the functioning of an alternative shorter market scheme characterized by only one bidding period, closer to the delivery time, which is convenient as it profits from more accurate forecasts. Then, the final balancing is performed internally within the same microgrids. Feasibility and cost-effectiveness of the proposed market is assessed for an isolated cluster of microgrids and compared with the currently operating markets, modelled as a day-ahead and real-time balancing markets. Two-stages stochastic optimization is implemented to compare the two market options. For this purpose, a grid of five villages is considered as a case-study and simulations are performed under two possible sets of installed capacities, including both diesel generators and renewable energy sources, to operate in either a dependent or a self-sufficient regime. Simulation results show that both markets succeed in supplying the required power demand, but the proposed simpler type of market may also be cost effective with a cost reduction up to 20%.

Rhodococcus yananensis sp. nov., a novel denitrification actinobacterium isolated from microbial fermentation bed material from a pig farm.

An opaque, pink-coloured, gram-positive, aerobic bacteria (designated as FBM22-1T), was isolated from microbial fermentation bed material from a pig farm in northwestern China. Optimal growth occurred at 30-37 °C, pH 7.0 and with 0.5 % NaCl (w/v). The strain had nitrification and denitrification functions. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the novel isolate belonged to the genus Rhodococcus. Strain FBM22-1T was closely related to Rhodococcus zopfii NBRC 100606T and Rhodococcus rhodochrous NBRC 16069T, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 97.9 and 97.7 %, respectively. The predominant menaquinone in strain FBM22-1T was MK-8(H2). The cellular fatty acids consisted primarily of C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c, C16 : 0 and 10-methyl C18 : 0. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and glycolipid. The G+C content of strain FBM22-1T was 68.64 mol%. Based on the phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characterization results, in combination with low values of digital DNA-DNA hybridization between strain FBM22-1T and its closest neighbours, FBM22-1T represents a novel species of the genus Rhodococcus, for which the name Rhodococcus yananensis sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is FBM22-1T (=KCTC 49502T=CCTCC AB2020275T).

Maximizing influence in social networks by distinguishing the roles of seeds

The problem of influence maximization in social networks has attracted much attention, and some algorithms have been proposed. However, the existing methods may be not suitable for large-scale networks because of high time complexity or failing to achieve the great performance. Given that the impacts of seeds in the loose neighbors (i.e., only including one-hop path with the candidate node) and the close neighbors (i.e., including one-hop and two-hop paths with the candidate node, and they form a closed triad) on the degree discount of candidate node are different. Moreover, when selecting multiple nodes as the seeds, we should not only consider the importance of the seeds themselves, but also ensure that the seeds are sufficiently dispersed to avoid the redundancy of propagation. To the end, we propose an efficient heuristic algorithm for influence maximization in social networks by considering redundancy weakening and two types of seeds into degree discount (named RWTDD). Based on the independent cascade model, the proposed RWTDD is compared with some well-known heuristic algorithms and greedy algorithms in six real social networks, experimental results indicate that the proposed RWTDD has a better influence coverage and low time complexity.