Hybrid Clones Research Articles

Rhizosphere Acidification as the Main Trait Characterizing the Differential In Vitro Tolerance to Iron Chlorosis in Interspecific Pyrus Hybrids

Physiological responses of different interspecific Pyrus hybrids and an open pollinated Pyrus communis ‘Williams’ (Pcw) grown under in vitro culture conditions simulating lime induced chlorosis were studied. The hybrids were derived from crosses between the ‘Pyriam’ pear rootstock and four Pyrus species of the Mediterranean region, namely P. amygdaliformis Vill. (Pa), P. amygdaliformis persica Bornme. (Pap), P. communis cordata (Desv.) Hook. (Pcc), and P. elaeagrifolia Pall (Pe), all known for their higher field tolerance to iron-chlorosis than P. communis. Twenty hybrids and one open pollinated Pcw were micropropagated, and plantlets were in vitro characterized for their physiological responses to iron-deficiency conditions. Rooted plantlets were transferred to a culture medium with 2 µM Fe3+ DTPA and 10 or 20 mM NaHCO3. These physiological responses were scored at 1, 3, 7, and 28 days from the start of the in vitro assay. Leaf total chlorophyll content, the capacity of roots to acidify the medium, reduced iron, and exudates of phenolic acids and organic acids were analyzed in each media and time sample. Leaf chlorophyll levels for the clones derived from Pcc were the highest, especially under the highest bicarbonate concentration, followed by those derived from Pap and Pa. The higher chlorophyll content of Pcc clones were related with their higher capacity to acidify the media but not with their iron reduction capacity at the root level. On the other hand, hybrid clones derived from Pe showed a higher Fe3+ reduction ability than clones from all the other species during the whole assay but only when the bicarbonate concentration was lower. The exudation of phenolic acids by the roots was higher in Pcw than in the other species, and this response might explain why the total chlorophyll levels in Pcw clones are similar to those of Pe and Pa ones. These results with Pyrus spp. bring more evidence in support of the idea that iron reduction capacity at the root level is not directly related with a higher tolerance to iron deficiency caused by the high pH of calcareous soils. Instead, the ability to acidify the rhizosphere is the trait of choice for the selection of the pear hybrid clones better adapted to lime induced chlorosis. In addition, the in vitro assay to select the Pyrus clones for tolerance to iron chlorosis could be shortened to one week of culture in 10 mM NaHCO3, measuring the leaf chlorophyll level, acidification of the culture medium, and exudation of phenolic acids as the physiological responses to predict tolerance to lime-induced chlorosis.

Comparison of the Infection Biology of Teratosphaeria destructans and Teratosphaeria epicoccoides on Eucalyptus.

Leaf blight caused by Teratosphaeria destructans is one of the most important diseases of Eucalyptus planted in the subtropics and tropics. In contrast, the better-known T. epicoccoides, though also a primary pathogen of Eucalyptus, causes less damage to trees in these areas. Although T. destructans is an aggressive pathogen, nothing is known about its infection biology. In this study, the conditions for infection and disease development caused by T. destructans and T. epicoccoides were evaluated and compared on a Eucalyptus grandis × E. urophylla hybrid clone. The optimal temperature for germination ranged from 25 to 30°C for T. destructans and 15 to 20°C for T. epicoccoides. The germination of these pathogens was favored under conditions of light and high levels of RH. Penetration by T. destructans and T. epicoccoides occurred via stomata, and the hyphae colonized the intercellular spaces of infected leaves. Symptoms were clearly visible 3 weeks after inoculation by both pathogens, and reproductive structures started to develop in substomatal cavities at 4 weeks after inoculation. The results of this study will facilitate the establishment of rapid screening trials based on artificial inoculations aimed at reducing the impact of disease caused by T. destructans.

Combining Ability and Heterosis for Market Yield in Green Asparagus

In asparagus, current cultivars are mostly hybrids (known as clonal hybrids) derived from crosses between two parents, female and male, with good combining ability. Despite the fact that clonal hybrids have been obtained for more than 40 years, studies of the heterosis and combining abilities involved are limited. Similarly, there are no published studies regarding the association between genetic divergence and heterosis. In this sense, we evaluated two sets of diallel crosses including 12 accessions from 11 different origins for marketable green asparagus production. Parentals were also included as a way to assess heterosis. The variation for market yield was highly significant for both sets. Best parent heterosis was over 100% in four cases. The best experimental hybrid did not significant differ from the Atticus F1 all-male check. The general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were significant, with a relative greater contribution of the SCA than the GCA to the variation among crosses. The association between genetic distances and heterosis failed to be significant. The best experimental hybrids were obtained when UC157 and KBF (origins from the USA and the UK) were crossed to Argenteuil, Limburgia and Espárrago de Navarra (origins from France, the Netherlands and Spain).

Genetic Identification of Hybrid Walnuts (Juglans × intermedia Carr.) in Hungary, the Hidden Potential for Future Breeding

The question of the hybrid walnut (Juglans × intermedia Carr.) is still under debate in the Central European region. There is not simply just an underutilization, rather, even the existence of these hybrid forms is not broadly accepted. On the contrary, there is an intensive cross-breeding activity in the western part of Europe resulting in commercially available hybrid clones. In Hungary, several individuals have been reported with intermediate morphology from different old black walnut plantations. Due to the lacking information, a preliminary study was conducted in order to prove the difference of these selected trees and to test the hybrid state. For this purpose, DNA fingerprinting was used by applying 13 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for the identification of 22 hybrid genotypes selected from one study plot. A comparative analysis with a reference sample set of the ‘parental’ species and other known hybrids was performed as well. The genetic analysis resulted distinct, unique genotypes for all of the samples. Based on the genetic pattern, the analyzed hybrid group was clearly distinguishable from the other two walnut groups. The result of this study also highlights the hidden potential in walnut breeding in the Central European region. Future concepts concerning hybrid walnut utilization in plantation forestry, agroforestry or as breeding material are also discussed.

Markers of genes for resistance to late blight, potato virus <i>Y</i> and potato cyst nematode identified in advanced interspecific potato hybrids

Background. The harmful organisms affecting potato cause great economic damage in all areas where the crop is grown. One of the most economically important pathogens is the potato late blight (agent Phytophthora infestans Mont. (de Bary)). Also, Potato Virus Y (PVY) and potato cyst nematode (PCN) of the Ro1 pathotype, the only one that occurs in the Russian Federation, cause significant yield losses. Materials and methods. Phytopathological and molecular screening was carried out on original interspecific potato hybrids obtained in 11 crossing combinations, seven of which were studied for the first time. Hybrids resulted from crosses that involved Mexican and South American potato species as sources of late blight and PVY resistance. Field observations of late blight resistance were conducted during three seasons under high infection pressure. A part of plant material was screened in laboratory tests. PCR tests employed 9 DNA markers of genes associated with resistance to Ph. infestans, PVY and PCN of Ro1 pathotype used in our previous study. Results. In field evaluation, hybrid clones mostly expressed high, and a part of them moderate late blight resistance. Of the 6 markers of the used Rpi genes, at least two were detected in most clones, while some had 3 or 4 markers. Some clones were found to have markers of PCN resistance genes and of several genes for resistance to PVY. The cytoplasm type was determined for all plant material. Conclutions. Within a small but pedigree-diverse set of interspeсific hybrids, the markers of resistance genes to all three pests were found. A part of clones obtained by using the sources of PVY and late blight resistance which we had identified, were found to contain two or more resistance genes to these pathogens. According to the results of molecular tests, the clones were found to carry several markers of late blight and PVY resistance genes. Original interspecific potato hybrids with determined late blight resistance levels, cytoplasm type and availability of markers of genes for resistance to three pests can be used in further hybridization.

A novel hybrid clonal selection algorithm for the corridor allocation problem with irregular material handling positions

As an essential influencing factor in the facility layout, the reasonable setting of material handling positions plays a vital role in improving operational efficiency and reducing material handling costs. In this paper, a corridor allocation problem (CAP) that allows irregular logistics material handling positions (IMHPCAP) is proposed. Compared with previous CAP studies, IMHPCAP allows facilities to set irregular material handling positions according to their characteristics to increase material handling flexibility. However, the IMHPCAP is more challenging than the traditional CAP finding the best layout solution. In order to solve this problem, a mixed-integer programming model of IMHPCAP is established. A clonal selection algorithm with social engineering optimiser based on a two-stage solution was proposed to obtain the best layout for large-scale problems. In the first stage of this algorithm, the rows in which facilities are placed, and the arrangement sequence of the facilities are established. In the second stage, the precise coordinates of the MHPs are obtained using a mathematical programming method. Finally, some benchmark instances of the CAP and IMHPCAP were solved to verify the performance of the algorithm. Furthermore, an actual case of a baby plastic product processing plant was considered to validate the IMHPCAP. The results showed that the hybrid clone algorithm performed well in solving the CAP and IMHPCAP, thereby exhibiting practical significance.

Chemical and Kraft Pulping Properties of Young Eucalypt Trees Affected by Physiological Disorders

This study evaluated how Eucalyptus physiological disorder (EPD) affects wood quality and pulping performance. Although research advances have been made in forest management and tree improvement programs for eucalypt plantations, some areas of Brazil are still subject to abiotic stress, mainly due to atypical climatic patterns. Tree growth is affected by abiotic stress, and this can change the wood properties, which influence the pulping process. The Eucalyptus trees used in this study were three-and-a-half-year-old hybrid clones. In order to evaluate the impact of physiological growth disorder on the wood, trees were selected with higher and lower levels of symptoms caused by EPD. First, the density, chemical composition, and variables of the pulping process of each of these woods were compared. The higher levels EPD symptoms resulted in poorer wood quality for pulping. To reduce the negative impact of the pulping process, reference woodchip samples from the industrial process were mixed with these wood samples and evaluated again. The results show that EPD negatively affected the wood quality required for pulp production when trees from higher stress conditions formed wood with more extractives (60% greater) and 9% more of lignin content. Thus, the amount of reagent used was increased and the pulp yield decreased. One solution to minimize the problem is to combine the woodchips from higher EPD trees and stands (20%) with non-EPD-affected chips (80%). Thus, it appears that affected wood requires special management attention in the context of pulp production.

Adjunctive and Transformed Immunity: Histiocytic & Dendritic Cell Neoplasm

Exceptional malignancies of the lymph nodes or soft tissue comprising of < 1% of the tumour incidence are the Histiocytic and Dendritic cell neoplasm. A definitive appearance/biology/ Hematology/ histopathology / exclusive therapeutic options describe the condition. Morphology and Immune reactive appraisal may be mandated to distinguish the neoplasm. Preface: Histiocytic and Dendritic neoplasms are infrequent disorders which incriminate the accessory immune system or mesenchymal cells. Subject to the origin of the neoplasm, from the bone marrow precursors or the mesenchye, the lesions may be categorized as. i) The Histiocytic sarcoma (HS), Langerhans cell histiocytosis(LCH) and the Inter-digitizing dendritic cell sarcoma (IDCS) may commence from the bone marrow precursors and ii) The Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS), Intermediate dendritic cell sarcoma (INDCS), Fibroblastic reticular cell tumour (FRCT) and Disseminated juvenile xanthogranuloma(DJX) may emanate from the Stromal or the mesenchymal cell. Divergent differentiation of the bone marrow precursors is a usual manifestation, though hybrid or trans-differentiating malignant lymphoid clones may also materialize in Inter-digitizing dendritic cell sarcoma (IDCS), Histolytic sarcoma (HS) and Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS). Together, Histolytic and Dendritic cell tumors constitute < 1% of the lymph node or soft tissue neoplasm. The tumors may be misinterpreted as Non Hodgkin’s Lymphoma or adjunct Lymph-Proliferative disorders. The rare malignancies may be a challenge to discern and medicate. Debatable Histolytic and Dendritic neoplasm mandate a referral. The disorder may be ascertained by the combined analysis on Histology and Immunehistochemistry

Influence of chromated copper arsenate type-C concentration on the quality of treated fence posts

This study aimed to reduce the concentration of chromated copper arsenate type-C (CCA-C) in preservative treatments of Eucalyptus sp. for use in applications with ground contact. The genetic materials used were Eucalyptus cloeziana of seminal origin and the clonal hybrid (E. urophylla x E. camaldulensis), which was derived from six year old crops at commercial plantations. The basic density, moisture content, percentage of sapwood, and wood treatable volume were determined, and the anatomical structures were characterized. The genetic materials were treated with concentrations of 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, and 1.6% active ingredients (AI) of CCA-C. The quality of the preservative treatment was evaluated via penetration and retention tests. The treated wood volume of E. cloeziana exhibited 44% irregular partial penetration, 40% vascular penetration, 12% peripheral partial penetration, and 4% no penetration. For the hybrid, the wood volume exhibited 68% total penetration, 24% peripheral partial penetration, and 8% irregular partial penetration. The concentrations of 1.4% AI and 1.5% AI for E. cloeziana and of 1.4% AI and 1.6% AI for hybrid reached the minimum retention required by standard.

Evaluation of interspecific hybrid clones of Casuarina for adaptability and growth in arid and semi-arid regions of North-West India

Aim: The present study aimed at introducing high yielding clones of commercially important short rotation tree species such as Casuarina junghuhniana under arid and semi-arid conditions of North India and investigating their adaptability, growth and productivity potential for identification of superior clones for cultivation. Methodology: Nine clones of Casuarina, four of Casuarina junghuhniana and five of inter-specific hybrid of C. equisetifolia x C. junghuhniana, were introduced from the Institute of Forest, Genetics and Tree Breeding, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu and were planted at two distinct agro-climatic conditions representing the arid and semi-arid conditions of Punjab, India. Results: The clones were studied for morphological traits (quantitative, qualitative, and fruiting) and showed significant variation in terms of adaptability, growth and branching traits under both environmental conditions. The clones IFGTB CH 2, CH 5 and CJ 108 were found superior for growth, stem quality characters and adaptability for which the data were recorded at the age of 2 ¼ and 3 ¼ yrs. Interpretation: Findings of the current study will contribute in the adoption of selected clones in agroforestry situations. Further, field testing is required to estimate the yield potential of shortlisted clones and to broaden the genetic diversity of planting material through introduction of more number of clones.

Phenotypic Traits Extraction and Genetic Characteristics Assessment of Eucalyptus Trials Based on UAV-Borne LiDAR and RGB Images

Phenotype describes the physical, physiological and biochemical characteristics of organisms that are determined or influenced by genes and environment. Accurate extraction of phenotypic data is a prerequisite for comprehensive forest phenotyping in order to improve the growth and development of forest plantations. Combined with the assessments of genetic characteristics, forest phenotyping will help to accelerate the breeding process, improve stress resistance and enhance the quality of the planted forest. In this study, we disposed our study in Eucalyptus trials within the Gaofeng forest farm (a typical Eucalyptus plantation site in southern China) for a high-throughput phenotypic traits extraction and genetic characteristics analysis based on high-density point clouds (acquired by a UAV-borne LiDAR sensor) and high-resolution RGB images (acquired by a UAV-borne camera), aiming at developing a high-resolution and high-throughput UAV-based phenotyping approach for tree breeding. First, we compared the effect of CHM-based Marker-Controlled Watershed Segmentation (MWS) and Point Cloud-based Cluster Segmentation (PCS) for extracting individual trees; Then, the phenotypic traits (i.e., tree height, diameter at breast height, crown width), the structural metrics (n = 19) and spectral indices (n = 9) of individual trees were extracted and assessed; Finally, a genetic characteristics analysis was carried out based on the above results, and we compared the differences between high-throughput phenotyping by UAV-based data and on manual measurements. Results showed that: in the relatively low stem density site of the trial (760 n/ha), the overall accuracy of MWS and PCS was similar, while in the higher stem density sites (982 n/ha, 1239 n/ha), the overall accuracy of MWS (F(2) = 0.93, F(3) = 0.86) was higher than PCS (F(2) = 0.84, F(3) = 0.74); With the increase of stem density, the difference between the overall accuracy of MWS and PCS gradually expanded. Both UAV–LiDAR extracted phenotypic traits and manual measurements were significantly different across the Eucalyptus clones (P < 0.05), as were most of the structural metrics (47/57) and spectral indices (26/27), revealing the genetic divergence between the clones. The rank of clones demonstrated that the pure clones (of E. urophylla), the hybrid clones (of E. urophylla as the female parent) and the hybrid clones (of E. wetarensis and E. grandis) have a higher fineness of growth. This study proved that UAV-based fine-resolution remote sensing could be an efficient, accurate and precise technology in phenotyping (used in genetic analysis) for tree breeding.

Relationship between genetic distance based on single nucleotide polymorphism markers and hybrid performance in Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora)

AbstractThe choice of parents is a vital first step in any variety development process. This is particularly imperative in tree crops that require minimally 15–20 years to complete a varietal development. The present study was conducted to determine genetic distances (GDs) between parental clones of Robusta coffee hybrids and assess the relationship between GD and hybrid performance. The experimental material consisted of 64 parental clones and 56 hybrids. The hybrids were evaluated over 11 years, planted in a randomized complete block design with six replications. GD among parental clones was determined based on 120 SNP markers. The results revealed a significant correlation (r = 0.351, p < 0.0082) between GD of parental clones and yield performance of their hybrids. Posterior selection of highest GD hybrids revealed an increase in yield gain over general mean with increasing GD between parental clones of hybrids. Furthermore, comparison of inter‐ and intra‐population hybrids classified using Bayesian clustering analysis revealed consistent outcome where inter‐group hybrids outperformed intra‐group hybrids for cumulative yield. These results supported the hypothesis that GD is related to the yield performance of Robusta coffee hybrids and is an efficient predicator of hybrid performance for yield.

Effect of Frankia and Micromonospora on growth and health improvement in Casuarina clones

ABSTRACT Casuarinas have been used for paper and pulp, and many Casuarina clonal plantations were made in India. Two actinobacteria, Frankia and Micromonospora, colonize in root nodules of Casuarinas and improve the growth of their host plants as a symbiotic nitrogen fixer and a biocontrol agent against Ralstonia solanacerum, a wilt desease bacteria damaging young clonal plantations, respectively. In the present study, antimicrobial activity of Micromonospora against Ralstonia solanacearum was examined. Then, effects of Frankia and Micromonospora on the growth and nitrogen content in Casuarina hybrid clones were examined in the greenhouse. The biocontrol activity of Micromonospora against a bacterial wilt was also evaluated in Casuarina plantations. The results showed that Micromonospora suppressed the growth of R. solanacearum under laboratory conditions and that the growth of Casuarina clones was improved by the addition of cultured Frankia and/or Micromonospora. The bacterial wilt in Casuarina clonal plantations might be suppressed due to the biocontrol activity of Micromonospora.

Cell death and changes in primary metabolism: the onset of defence in Eucalyptus in the war against Leptocybe invasa.

Here, we investigated changes in primary metabolism and cell death around oviposition sites in two hybrid clones of Eucalyptus with different degrees of resistance to Leptocybe invasa Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), as well as tolerance to water deficiency. We showed that apices of the resistant clone with oviposition had a higher content of amino acids, organic acids and the compound putrescine compared with those of the susceptible clone with oviposition. By contrast, apices of the resistant clone with oviposition had lower sugar and pyruvate organic acid content than those of the susceptible clone with oviposition. Small areas of necrosis were induced around the oviposition sites in the stem apices of Eucalyptus 24 h after infestation. The resistant clone developed larger necrotic areas that showed progressive increases 24-72 h after infestation compared with the susceptible clone, in which cell death was significantly lower and no changes were observed in necrotic area over time. Thus, the programmed death of cells around the egg, modulated by several amino acids, is likely the first defence response of Eucalyptus against L. invasa. Our results serve as the basis for the early identification of key metabolites produced in plants in defence against galling insects. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Variation in the Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oils of Five New Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake Clones in Thailand.

Eucalyptus oils are widely used for a variety of purposes. This study investigates the terpenoid compositions and antibacterial and antioxidant activities of eucalypt leaf oils extracted from four E. urophylla clones and one E. urophylla × E. camaldulensis hybrid clone grown in Thailand. According to GC/MS analysis, the E. urophylla oils were mainly composed of 1,8-cineole, α-terpinyl acetate, β-caryophyllene, and spathulenol, while 1,8-cineole, α-terpinyl acetate, p-cymene, and γ-terpinene were mostly identified in the hybrid oil. All eucalypt oils exhibited a significant bacteriostatic effect against Gram-positive bacteria, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus cereus. Only the hybrid oil had an effect on all Gram-negative bacteria tested, including Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter aerogenes. These oils have antibacterial properties that vary according to their terpenoid content. Only the hybrid oil had a potent antioxidant effect, with an IC50 value of 4.21 ± 0.35 mg/mL for free radical (DPPH) scavenging. This oil’s antioxidant effect may be a result of the phenolic terpenoids, thymol and carvacrol. As a result, these oils may be a novel source of antibacterial and antioxidant agents. Additionally, the antibacterial and antioxidant capabilities of the E. urophylla × E. camaldulensis hybrid essential oil are reported for the first time.

Diameter distribution model development of tropical hybrid Eucalyptus clonal plantations in Sumatera, Indonesia: A comparison of estimation methods

Background: Effective forest management and planning often requires information about the distribution of volume by size and product classes. Size-class models describe the diameter distribution and provide information by diameter class, such as the number of trees, basal area, and volume per unit of area. A successful diameter-distribution model requires high flexibility yet robust prediction of its parameters. To our knowledge, there are no studies regarding diameter distribution models for Eucalyptus hybrids in Indonesia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare different recovery methods for predicting parameters of the 3-parameter Weibull distribution for characterising diameter distributions of Eucalyptus hybrid clone plantations, on Sumatera Island of Indonesia. Methods: The parameter recovery approach was proposed to be compatible with stand-average growth and yield models developed based on the same data. Three approaches where compared: moment-based recovery, percentile-based prediction and hybrid methods. The ultimate goal was to recover Weibull parameters from future stand attributes, which were predicted from current stand attributes using regression models. Results: In this study, the moment method was found to give the overall lowest mean error-index and Kolmogorov– Smirnov (KS) statistic, followed by the hybrid and percentile methods. The moment-based method better fit long tails on both sides of the distribution and exhibited slightly greater flexibility in describing plots with larger variance than the other methods. Conclusions: The Weibull approach appeared relatively robust in determining diameter distributions of Eucalyptus hybrid clone plantation in Indonesia, yet some refinements may be necessary to characterize more complex distributions.

Eucalyptus Amplifolia and Corymbia Torelliana in the Southeastern USA: Genetic Improvement and Potential Uses

Eucalyptus amplifolia and Corymbia torelliana genetic improvement has been conducted in the lower southeastern USA by UF and collaborators since 1980. The collective accomplishments in genetic resources and potential commercial uses are summarized. For example, fast-growing, freeze-resilient E. amplifolia seeds are provided by 1st and 2nd generation seedling seed orchards (SSO) and a 2nd generation clonal seed orchard (CSO), while C. torelliana seed are available from 1st and 2nd generation SSOs. Breeding values (BV) have been developed for guiding the deployment of improved genotypes. Collaborative genetic improvement of these species is ongoing, including testing E. amplifolia in 11 countries and development of hybrid clones. Short Rotation Woody Crop (SRWC) systems may increase productivity and extend uses beyond conventional mulchwood to products such as medium density fiberboard (MDF), biochar, and energywood, while other possible applications include honey production, windbreaks, dendroremediation, and carbon sequestration. C. torelliana may be paired with E. grandis in two-row windbreaks to maximum windbreak effectiveness and may sequester as much carbon as E. grandis.

AVALIAÇÃO COMPARATIVA DO DESEMPENHO INDUSTRIAL PARA PRODUÇÃO DE POLPA CELULÓSICA ENTRE EUCALIPTO E HÍBRIDOS DE Corymbia

ABSTRACT The search for novel biomasses for uses as alternative fiber sources, similar to Eucalyptus spp. biomass, holds great value and potential for commercial-scale application. This study aims to present the hybrid clones of Corymbia spp. developed by Aperam BioEnergia as potential substitutes for Eucalyptus wood in the market pulp industry. By performing modified kraft pulping and chemical characterization analyses, it was possible to compare the biomass of Eucalyptus spp. with that of Corymbia spp. Comparisons were made by analyzing their respective pulp average growth rate (PAGR) and specific wood consumption (SWC), estimated using a kappa number of 19 ± 1. The results showed that one of the hybrid clones (Corymbia citriodora × Corymbia torelliana - ID 4) had highest PAGR#k19, and lowest SWC than other samples. Clone ID 4 showed lowest value of SWC since, simultaneously presented a higher value of wood basic density and screened yield. Consequently, in agreement with its best results, clone ID 4 had the highest-ranking score, calculated as the PAGR/SWC ratio. This genetic material also showed one of the lowest total lignin content, consequently the highest screening yield. Besides Clone ID 4 showed significantly highest xylan content, among wood samples assessed in this work. For that reason, the ID 4 was the highest-ranked, proving to be an excellent high-performance alternative for forest-industry interface parameters.

Yield and growth performance of potential sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) hybrid clones

Sugarcane development in Indonesia has been done primarily on dry lands. Therefore developing varieties more suitable to dry-agro-ecological conditions is being attempted as it is easily applicable and economically feasible. This study aimed at assessing the yield of 18 potential sugarcane clones, resulting from crosses with parents which have high productivity. This study used Cenning variety as a control. The research was conducted at Karangploso experimental garden Malang, from October 2019 to September 2020. The research used a randomized block design with four replications. The experimental plot was designed with five rows (5 m length) and rows distance at 110 cm. The evaluation was carried out on the growth and production component. The results showed that genotypes affected the performances of growth and yield characters. All of the clones showed good performances in growth. Clones MLG 18/21/14, MLG 18/42/15 and MLG 18/41/5 had productivity 21.08-34.86 (t/ha) and sucrose content 21.79-38.44 (%) higher than control. The three clones select as promising clones for sugarcane development in dry-agro-ecological land with higher productivity yields.

Detection and confirmation of diagnostic microsatellite loci in Populus nigra and Populus deltoides to identify their hybrids (P. × canadensis)

Poplar cultivation has economic, social, ecological, and environmental importance in Turkey. Even though, Populus × canadensis hybrids play an important role for the commercial poplar cultivation with good growth performance and adaptability, hybrid clones introduced the different region of Turkey have started to replace the native stands of Populus nigra gradually. To continue sustainable cultivation of poplar and to conserve the native stands of P. nigra at the same time, genetic identification, and registration of the Populus cultivars from different origins are essential in breeding programs. Genetic identification and characterization of a natural population of P. nigra growing along the Melendiz River, Populus deltoides, and hybrid P. × canadensis trees were performed by 12 microsatellites loci. In addition, 18 P. nigra trees from EUFORGEN core collection were screened as reference samples. P. deltoides specific alleles were detected at four microsatellite loci previously reported as having diagnostic alleles. Several P. nigra trees from natural population and EUFORGEN core collection also included species-specific alleles of P. deltoides. It is concluded that there is an introgression event between the natural population and cultivated hybrids or P. deltoides clones in the surrounding area. Also, some members of the EUFORGEN core collection could have been mixed up or misidentified as P. nigra. The obtained results indicated that the application of the rigorous standards for reliable identification and registration with large sample size is a necessity for future breeding and conservation programs. Also, conservation of the native Populus nigra trees is an important requirement to prevent the genetic pollution of the species' gene pool and reduction of effective population size.