Clockwise Motion Research Articles

Microcomputer Controlled Color Identification Robot Arm

In this twenty first century, there is an increasing need to create artificial arms for different inhuman situations where human interaction is difficult or impossible. The application of robots in solving human needs has enhanced man’s performances, especially in the issue of color blindness in human and inconsistency with color identification. The research work is to design and construct a robot arm that is controlled by a Computer system that can Identify Color. This research work can be achieved by develop a robot arm with four degree of freedom that is downward and upward movement, clockwise and anticlockwise movement. In this system, Modularization Methodology was used which involved the breaking down of large systems into smaller parts (module). Each module was constructed independently to optimize the full function of the entire system. The three primary colors identified were Red, Green and Blue. The identification of a particular color was done by light intensity to frequency converter method. The Arduino Uno provided an interface with the control circuit and computer system via USB cable. The Relay controlled the movement of the robot by sending signal to the DC motors. The TSC3200 programmable color sensor was used to detect and measure the visible range of the colored materials from the work space. The research project successfully carried out the task of identifying the color of object at the preprogrammed work place. This robot can be used as Color sorter and Agricultural machine.

A convolutional neural network model detecting lasting behavioral changes in mice with kanamycin-induced unilateral inner ear dysfunction

A convolutional neural network model detecting lasting behavioral changes in mice with kanamycin-induced unilateral inner ear dysfunction

The bimodal regime of ocean waves and winds over the continental shelf of Maranhão

The bimodal regime of ocean waves and winds over the continental shelf of Maranhão

Wind tunnel investigations of an individual pitch control strategy for wind farm power optimization

Abstract. This article presents the results of an experimental wind tunnel study which investigates a new control strategy named Helix. The Helix control employs individual pitch control for sinusoidally varying yaw and tilt moments to induce an additional rotational component in the wake, aiming to enhance wake mixing. The experiments are conducted in a closed-loop wind tunnel under low-turbulence conditions to emphasize wake effects. Highly sensorized model wind turbines with control capabilities similar to full-scale machines are employed in a two-turbine setup to assess wake recovery potential and explore loads on both upstream and downstream turbines. In a single-turbine study, detailed wake measurements are carried out using a fast-response five-hole pressure probe. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in energy content within the wake, with distinct peaks for clockwise and counterclockwise movements at Strouhal numbers of approximately 0.47. Both upstream and downstream turbine dynamic equivalent loads increase when applying the Helix control. The time-averaged wake flow streamwise velocity and rms value reveal a faster wake recovery for actuated cases in comparison to the baseline. Phase-locked results with azimuthal position display a leapfrogging behavior in the baseline case in contrast to the actuated cases, where distorted shedding structures in the longitudinal direction are observed due to a changed thrust coefficient and an accompanying lateral vortex shedding location. Additionally, phase-locked results with the additional frequency reveal a tip vortex meandering, which enhances faster wake recovery. Comparing the Helix cases with clockwise and counterclockwise rotations, the latter exhibits slightly higher gains and faster wake recovery. This difference is attributed to Helix' additional rotational component acting in either the same or the opposite direction as the wake rotation. Overall, both Helix cases exhibit significantly faster wake recovery compared to the baseline, indicating the potential of this technique for improved wind farm control.

Motion Accuracy of Pneumatic Stepper Motor-Driven Robotic System Developed for MRI-Guided High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Treatment of Prostate Disease.

The latest advancement in high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment technology integrates magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance for precise treatment of prostate disease. As conventional electromagnetic motors are not applicable for utilization within MRI scanners, we have developed a prototype robotic system driven by pneumatic stepper motors to control the movement of the HIFU transducer within an intrarectal probe during MRI-guided HIFU treatment procedures. These pneumatic stepper motors were constructed entirely from MRI-compatible plastic materials. Assessment of the robotic system's MRI compatibility was conducted utilizing a 3.0T MRI scanner, revealing no discernible MRI image distortion with a minor decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio (2.8%) during the motor operation. The robotic system enabled the transducer to move inside the probe with two degrees of freedom, allowing both linear and rotational motion. The positional accuracy of the transducer movement was assessed, yielding ±0.20 and ±0.22 mm accuracies in the forward and backward linear movements, respectively, and ±0.79° and ±0.74° accuracies in the clockwise and counterclockwise rotational motions, respectively. Emulation of authentic HIFU procedures involved creating a two-dimensional array of thermal lesions in a tissue-mimicking phantom, achieving positional accuracy within ±1 mm for the generated HIFU focal spots. The prototype robotic system incorporating pneumatic stepper motors fabricated entirely from MRI-compatible plastic materials has demonstrated the requisite positional accuracy necessary for effective HIFU treatment of prostate disease, indicating substantial promise for future clinical application.

The molecular program of CD4+ regulatory and effector T cell expansion in vitro

Abstract Adoptive Treg therapy is being advanced to treat autoimmunity. To discern the molecular pathways underlying Treg expansion in vitro, we evaluated the chromatin landscape and gene expression profiles of Treg and Teff cells in response to TCR/CD28/IL-2 priming followed by IL-2 expansion over 12-days. Although initially similar over the first 6 days, Tregs showed somewhat higher STAT5 activation and chromatin opening, leading to optimal expansion on day 6, which was 2-fold greater than Teff cells. After day 6, Tregs, but not Teff cells, showed substantial reduction in expansion. At day 9 and 12, more marked changes in gene expression and chromatin accessibility at promoter regions were seen between Treg and Teff cells. PCA revealed for RNAseq and ATACseq a clockwise movement, where the day 12 cells expressed a profile that reverts toward the input populations. Temporal integration of differentially expressed genes and chromatin accessibility revealed 6 patterns of responses, 4 of which were similar between Treg and Teff cells. The glycolytic activity in Treg and Teff cells during expansion until day 6 was similar but then they declined more rapidly in Tregs. Hence, these differences in gene accessibility and expression and glycolysis likely contribute to the more rapid decay in Treg expansion in response to IL-2. Thus, Tregs are programmed temporally for more limited expansion in vitro that may reflect a mechanism to finely tune Treg numbers to maintain homeostasis in vivo.

Design of Light-Driven Biocompatible and Biodegradable Microrobots Containing Mg-Based Metallic Glass Nanowires.

Light-driven microrobots capable of moving rapidly on water surfaces in response to external stimuli are widely used in a variety of fields, such as drug delivery, remote sampling, and biosensors. However, most light-driven microrobots use graphene and carbon nanotubes as photothermal materials, resulting in poor biocompatibility and degradability, which greatly limits their practical bioapplications. To address this challenge, a composition and microstructure design strategy with excellent photothermal properties suitable for the fabrication of light-driven microrobots was proposed in this work. The Mg-based metallic glass nanowires (Mg-MGNWs) were embedded with polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) to fabricate biocompatible and degradable microrobots with excellent photothermal effect and complex shapes. Consequently, the microrobot can be precisely driven by a near-infrared laser to achieve high efficiency and remote manipulation on the water surface for a long period of time, with a velocity of 9.91 mm/s at a power density of 2.0 W/cm2. Due to the Marangoni effect, programmable and complex motions of the microrobot such as linear, clockwise, counterclockwise, and obstacle avoidance motions can be achieved. The biocompatible and degradable microrobot fabrication strategy could have great potential in the fields of environmental detection, targeted drug delivery, disease diagnosis, and detection.

Wireless Magnetoelectrochemical Induction of Rotational Motion.

Electromagnetically induced rotation is a key process of many technological systems that are used in daily life, especially for energy conversion. In this context, the Lorentz force-induced deviation of charges is a crucial physical phenomenon to generate rotation. Herein, they combine the latter with the concept of bipolar electrochemistry to design a wireless magnetoelectrochemical rotor. Such a device can be considered as a wet analog of a conventional electric motor. The main driving force that propels this actuator is the result of the synergy between the charge-compensating ion flux along a bipolar electrode and an external magnetic field applied orthogonally to the surface of the object. The trajectory of the wirelessly polarized rotor can be controlled by the orientation of the magnetic field relative to the direction of the global electric field, producing a predictable clockwise or anticlockwise motion. Fine-tuning of the applied electric field allows for addressing conducting objects having variable characteristic lengths.

The influence of stereotaxic lesions of claustrum on motor movements and behaviour in rats

Background This study aimed to expand our existing information on changes in the regulation of motor movement and behaviour by investigating the effects of unilateral and bilateral lesions on the claustrum (CL). Material and Methods 36 Wistar Albino adult male rats were randomly divided into six groups. An electrical lesion was created with a constant current source in the unilateral and bilateral anterior clastrum using a stereotaxic frame in rats. The lesioned groups and the control group underwent an automatic behaviour recording device such as mobilisation, freezing, eating, drinking behaviour, grooming, turning, etc. behaviour was recorded and analysed. Simultaneously, ultrasonic sounds in rats were examined with ultrasonic sound recording program. Anxiety was then reassessed with the elevated plus maze test. Data were compared with the control group. Rats were eventually sacrificed and the brain tissue was post-fixed. Histochemical examination was done and lesions’ existence was confirmed. Results In this study, lesions of ventral of CL can cause increase in spontaneous behaviours such as freezing and rearing. And, it has been shown to cause a statistically significant change. In addition to the behavioural changes, right CL lesions have caused a significant increase in drinking behaviour associated with increased anxiety. All operated groups showed a significant decrease in clockwise and counterclockwise rotation movements. Conclusion Experimental results show that CL lesions influence spontaneous behaviour which indicate the need for new studies to understand the role of CL in anxiety-depression.

A Simple Technique for Deploying the SENTINEL Cerebral Protection System in Bovine Aortic Arch Anatomy

The SENTINEL Cerebral Protection System is one of the most commonly used devices for embolic protection during transcatheter aortic valve replacement. However, successful deployment of the SENTINEL device is often challenging in patients with a bovine aortic arch anatomy using the standard technique and requires extensive manipulation in the aortic arch increasing the risk of stroke. We describe a novel and simple technique of 2-filter deployment of SENTINEL device in patients with bovine arch anatomy. In this technique, after the deployment of the proximal filter, the device is hyperflexed on itself facing the lateral aspect of the ascending aorta instead of facing the descending aorta, with its tip pointing toward the common origin of the left common carotid artery (LCCA) and brachiocephalic trunk. The guidewire is then advanced to the LCCA. Since the guidewire can pass either anterior or posterior to the device shaft, the device needs to be untwisted either by clockwise or counterclockwise motion, before pulling the device shaft back to engage the LCCA, after which the distal filter can be deployed. Computed tomography scans obtained for planning transcatheter aortic valve replacement should be reviewed for the presence of bovine aortic arch anatomy so that this technique can be deployed directly, thereby reducing manipulations in the aortic arch, saving time, and not requiring additional equipment.

1G and microgravity tank self-pressurization: Research on cryogenic fluid thermal stratification

1G and microgravity tank self-pressurization: Research on cryogenic fluid thermal stratification

Seasonal dynamics of water circulation and exchange flows in a shallow lagoon-inlet-coastal ocean system

Seasonal dynamics of water circulation and exchange flows in a shallow lagoon-inlet-coastal ocean system

Polarimetry and astrometry of NIR flares as event horizon scale, dynamical probes for the mass of Sgr A*

We present new astrometric and polarimetric observations of flares from Sgr A* obtained with GRAVITY, the near-infrared interferometer at ESO’s Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI), bringing the total sample of well-covered astrometric flares to four and polarimetric flares to six. Of all flares, two are well covered in both domains. All astrometric flares show clockwise motion in the plane of the sky with a period of around an hour, and the polarization vector rotates by one full loop in the same time. Given the apparent similarities of the flares, we present a common fit, taking into account the absence of strong Doppler boosting peaks in the light curves and the EHT-measured geometry. Our results are consistent with and significantly strengthen our model from 2018. First, we find that the combination of polarization period and measured flare radius of around nine gravitational radii (9Rg ≈ 1.5RISCO, innermost stable circular orbit) is consistent with Keplerian orbital motion of hot spots in the innermost accretion zone. The mass inside the flares’ radius is consistent with the 4.297 × 106 M⊙ measured from stellar orbits at several thousand Rg. This finding and the diameter of the millimeter shadow of Sgr A* thus support a single black hole model. Second, the magnetic field configuration is predominantly poloidal (vertical), and the flares’ orbital plane has a moderate inclination with respect to the plane of the sky, as shown by the non-detection of Doppler-boosting and the fact that we observe one polarization loop per astrometric loop. Finally, both the position angle on the sky and the required magnetic field strength suggest that the accretion flow is fueled and controlled by the winds of the massive young stars of the clockwise stellar disk 1–5″ from Sgr A*, in agreement with recent simulations.

Injection and Escape: A new model on the thrust generated by a thin pitching plate

We have proposed a physical model to describe the underlying physics behind the drag or thrust produced by a pitching panel in a uniform stream. Over the clockwise and counterclockwise pitching motions, the model categorizes Injection and Escape kinematic phases. The former estimates the total fluid volume gathered at the trailing edge, and the latter amount to the fluid volume fenced by the plate reaching the trailing edge. To verify our proposed model, we have performed three-dimensional simulations using an immersed boundary-based numerical code for the flow past a thin pitching plate at a Reynolds number of Re = 1000 for the aspect range of 0.54≤AR≤16 at maximum pitching angle of θmax=5°,15° with pitching frequency St=0.5,1. Our model reveals that the plate generates a net thrust in a pitching cycle when Injection dominates Escape and conversely for the drag cases.

Incorrect management of a broken abutment screw


 Implant abutment screw fracture is an uncommon though challenging complication. A fractured abutment screw should be removed without damaging the threads of the screw channel to reuse the prosthesis.
 
 
 To retrieve the fractured part without severing the threads, various procedures have been proposed, such as to try to unscrew the fractured part using a strong, straight and pointed probe, or to prepare a small dent into the center of the fractured part using a small round diamond burr or a fissure burr in a counter clockwise motion. Various screw removal kits have been introduced to this aim, but with inconsistent results. 
 
 
 When a physician does not manage to remove the fractured screw in either way, he/she often chooses to either replace the implant, which can be an expensive option, or abandon the implant and cover it with soft tissue, which may lead to compromised function, phonetics, or esthetics. Instead, saving the implant would great benefit patients. To this aim, the conversion of the screw chamber into a dowel space for a dowel-core and crown restoration has been proposed, thanks to the aid of laser-welded titanium for example. Instead, other techniques do not seem to have been commonly accepted. 
 
 
 The aim of the present article is to present the incorrect management of a fractured abutment screw by a classic surtex post. 

A multi-physics system integration and modeling method for piezoelectric wave energy harvester

A multi-physics system integration and modeling method for piezoelectric wave energy harvester

Crustal structure and seismicity characteristics based on dense array monitoring in northwestern Yunnan, China

Owing to the complex geological environment and frequent seismic activity in northwestern Yunnan, China, the northwest Yunnan dense array was installed. The dense array monitored the Mw6.1 Yangbi earthquake that occurred on May 21, 2021, on the western boundary of the Sichuan-Yunnan block. The earthquake exhibited a typical foreshock-mainshock-aftershock sequence and presented a clear process of earthquake migration. From April 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021, 11,623 earthquakes were recorded by 72 stations in the dense array. Based on their arrival time data, the Vp/Vs model consistency-constrained double-difference seismic tomography method was employed. We obtained high-precision crustal 3-D Vp, Vs, Vp/Vs models, and relocation results for northwestern Yunnan. A wide distribution of low-velocity anomalies was observed in the middle and upper crust of northwestern Yunnan. Based on GPS measurements, the contour of the low-Vp zone is aligned with the clockwise movement of crustal material caused by the compression of the Tibetan Plateau. A seismic cluster with a banded distribution pattern was identified in an intersection area of multiple faults. And its formation might be related to the infiltration of geothermal fluid in a fluid channel composed of unknown fractures. The geothermal fluid originates from the intersection of the fault-enriched hot springs. The flow and seepage from the fluid channels spread to the Yangbi earthquake source region, reactivating the previously existing unmapped faults, ultimately leading to the occurrence of Yangbi foreshocks. Because of the stress transmission, the Coulomb stress of the foreshock triggered the high-strength part of the main fault, which triggered the occurrence of the main earthquake.

Unrecognized Patent Foramen Ovale in Patient With Sinus Venosus-Type Atrial Septal Defect With Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return.

Unrecognized Patent Foramen Ovale in Patient With Sinus Venosus-Type Atrial Septal Defect With Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return.

Dynamics of an excitation-transfer trimer: Interference, coherence, Berry's phase development, and vibrational control of non-adiabaticity.

We detail several interesting features in the dynamics of an equilaterally shaped electronic excitation-transfer (EET) trimer with distance-dependent intermonomer excitation-transfer couplings. In the absence of electronic-vibrational coupling, symmetric and antisymmetric superpositions of two single-monomer excitations are shown to exhibit purely constructive, oscillatory, and purely destructive interference in the EET to the third monomer, respectively. In the former case, the transfer is modulated by motion in the symmetrical framework-expansion vibration induced by the Franck-Condon excitation. Distortions in the shape of the triangular framework degrade that coherent EET while activating excitation transfer in the latter case of an antisymmetric initial state. In its symmetrical configuration, two of the three single-exciton states of the trimer are degenerate. This degeneracy is broken by the Jahn-Teller-active framework distortions. The calculations illustrate closed, approximately circular pseudo-rotational wave-packet dynamics on both the lower and the upper adiabatic potential energy surfaces of the degenerate manifold, which lead to the acquisition after one cycle of physically meaningful geometric (Berry) phases of π. Another manifestation of Berry-phase development is seen in the evolution of the vibrational probability density of a wave packet on the lower Jahn-Teller adiabatic potential comprising a superposition of clockwise and counterclockwise circular motions. The circular pseudo-rotation on the upper cone is shown to stabilize the adiabatic electronic state against non-adiabatic internal conversion via the conical intersection, a dynamical process analogous to Slonczewski resonance. Strategies for initiating and monitoring these various dynamical processes experimentally using pre-resonant impulsive Raman excitation, short-pulse absorption, and multi-dimensional wave-packet interferometry are outlined in brief.

Shape detection beyond the visual field using a visual-to-auditory sensory augmentation device.

Current advancements in both technology and science allow us to manipulate our sensory modalities in new and unexpected ways. In the present study, we explore the potential of expanding what we perceive through our natural senses by utilizing a visual-to-auditory sensory substitution device (SSD), the EyeMusic, an algorithm that converts images to sound. The EyeMusic was initially developed to allow blind individuals to create a spatial representation of information arriving from a video feed at a slow sampling rate. In this study, we aimed to use the EyeMusic for the blind areas of sighted individuals. We use it in this initial proof-of-concept study to test the ability of sighted subjects to combine visual information with surrounding auditory sonification representing visual information. Participants in this study were tasked with recognizing and adequately placing the stimuli, using sound to represent the areas outside the standard human visual field. As such, the participants were asked to report shapes' identities as well as their spatial orientation (front/right/back/left), requiring combined visual (90° frontal) and auditory input (the remaining 270°) for the successful performance of the task (content in both vision and audition was presented in a sweeping clockwise motion around the participant). We found that participants were successful at a highly above chance level after a brief 1-h-long session of online training and one on-site training session of an average of 20 min. They could even draw a 2D representation of this image in some cases. Participants could also generalize, recognizing new shapes they were not explicitly trained on. Our findings provide an initial proof of concept indicating that sensory augmentation devices and techniques can potentially be used in combination with natural sensory information in order to expand the natural fields of sensory perception.