Clock Module Research Articles

ENERGY AUTOMATION SUPPORTS ENERGY CONSUMPTION INTENSITY IN CLASSROOMS

Automation of energy use to control energy consumption intensity (IKE) in classrooms is carried out using an Arduino Nano-based system. This system utilizes an IR transmitter to send signals to the air conditioning unit, a servo motor to position the IR transmitter to the appropriate air conditioning unit, a relay to control the lights, and a Real-Time Clock (RTC) module for scheduling based on a specified schedule. The main goal is to prevent energy waste and ensure comfort by turning on and off the air conditioning unit and lights according to a preset schedule. This automatic scheduling includes time setting, transmitter IR control, servo motor, relay control, and LCD. Programmed scheduling ensures that the air conditioner and lights only turn on when needed, while the LCD provides real-time information about the status of the air conditioner and lights. With this automation, the system helps reduce excessive energy consumption, drives significant energy savings, and creates a comfortable and energy-efficient learning environment. The automatic monitoring and regulation system also allows users to focus more on teaching and learning activities without having to worry about manual settings for air conditioning and lights.

Oscillatory DeltaC Expression in Neural Progenitors Primes the Prototype of Forebrain Development.

Notch signaling plays a pivotal role in regulating various developmental processes, particularly in controlling the timing of neuronal production within the developing neocortex. Central to this regulatory mechanism is the oscillatory pattern of Delta, which functions as a developmental clock modulator. Its deficiency profoundly impairs mammalian brain formation, highlighting its fundamental role in brain development. However, zebrafish carrying a mutation in the functional ortholog DeltaC (dlc) within their functional ortholog exhibit an intact forebrain structure, implying evolutionary variations in Notch signaling within the forebrain. In this study, we unveil the distinct yet analogous expression profiles of Delta and Her genes in the developing vertebrate forebrain. Specifically, for the first time, we detected the oscillatory expression of the Delta gene dlc in the developing zebrafish forebrain. Although this oscillatory pattern appeared irregular and was not pervasive among the progenitor population, attenuation of the dlc-involved Notch pathway using a γ-secretase inhibitor impaired neuronal differentiation in the developing zebrafish forebrain, revealing the indispensable role of the dlc-involved Notch pathway in regulating early zebrafish neurogenesis. Taken together, our results demonstrate the foundational prototype of dlc-involved Notch signaling in the developing zebrafish forebrains, upon which the intricate patterns of the mammalian neocortex may have been sculpted.

Computational modeling establishes mechanotransduction as a potent modulator of the mammalian circadian clock.

Mechanotransduction, which is the integration of mechanical signals from the external environment of a cell to changes in intracellular signaling, governs many cellular functions. Recent studies have shown that the mechanical state of the cell is also coupled to the cellular circadian clock. To investigate possible interactions between circadian rhythms and cellular mechanotransduction, we have developed a computational model that integrates the two pathways. We postulated that translocation of the transcriptional regulators MRTF (herein referring to both MRTF-A and MRTF-B), YAP and TAZ (also known as YAP1 and WWTR1, respectively; collectively denoted YAP/TAZ) into the nucleus leads to altered expression of circadian proteins. Simulations from our model predict that lower levels of cytoskeletal activity are associated with longer circadian oscillation periods and higher oscillation amplitudes, which is consistent with recent experimental observations. Furthermore, accumulation of YAP/TAZ and MRTF in the nucleus causes circadian oscillations to decay in our model. These effects hold both at the single-cell level and within a population-level framework. Finally, we investigated the effects of mutations in YAP or lamin A, the latter of which result in a class of diseases known as laminopathies. In silico, oscillations in circadian proteins are substantially weaker in populations of cells with mutations in YAP or lamin A, suggesting that defects in mechanotransduction can disrupt the circadian clock in certain disease states; however, reducing substrate stiffness in the model restores normal oscillatory behavior, suggesting a possible compensatory mechanism. Thus, our study identifies that mechanotransduction could be a potent modulatory cue for cellular clocks and that this crosstalk can be leveraged to rescue the circadian clock in disease states.

First person – Emmet Francis

ABSTRACT First Person is a series of interviews with the first authors of a selection of papers published in Journal of Cell Science, helping researchers promote themselves alongside their papers. Emmet Francis is first author on ‘ Computational modeling establishes mechanotransduction as a potent modulator of the mammalian circadian clock’, published in JCS. Emmet is a Postdoctoral Fellow in the lab of Padmini Rangamani at University of California, San Diego, USA, where he develops computational models at the intersection of cell signaling and cell mechanics to discover mechanisms of chemo-mechanical coupling that enable cells to adapt and respond to diverse stimuli.

Modulation of Neuronal Excitability and Plasticity by BHLHE41 Conveys Lithium Non-Responsiveness.

Many bipolar disorder (BD) patients are non-responsive to lithium. The mechanisms underlying lithium (non-)responsiveness are largely unknown. By using gene-set enrichment analysis methods, we found that core clock gene-sets are significantly associated with lithium response. Among the top hits was BHLHE41, a modulator of the molecular clock and homeostatic sleep. Since BHLHE41 and its paralog BHLHE40 are functionally redundant, we assessed chronic lithium response in double-knockout mutant mice (DKO). We demonstrated that DKOs are non-responsive to lithium's effect in various behavioral tasks. Cellular assays and patch clamp recordings revealed lowered excitability and reduced lithium-response in prefrontal cortical layer 2/3 DKO neurons and on hippocampal long-term potentiation. Single-cell RNA sequencing identified that lithium deregulated mitochondrial respiration, cation channel and postsynapse associated gene-sets specifically in upper layer excitatory neurons. Our findings show that lithium acts in a highly cell-specific way on neuronal metabolism and excitability and modulates synaptic plasticity depending on BHLHE40/41.

Evaluation of small-molecule modulators of the circadian clock: promising therapeutic approach to cancer.

The circadian clock is an important regulator of human homeostasis. Circadian rhythms are closely related to cell fate because they are necessary for regulating the cell cycle, cellular proliferation, and apoptosis. Clock dysfunction can result in the development of diseases such as cancer. Although certain tumors have been shown to have a malfunctioning clock, which may affect prognosis or treatment, this has been postulated but not proven in many types of cancer. Recently, important information has emerged about the basic characteristics that underpin the overt circadian rhythm and its influence on physiological outputs. This information implies that the circadian rhythm may be managed by using particular small molecules. Small-molecule clock modulators target clock components or different physiological pathways that influence the clock. Identifying new small-molecule modulators will improve our understanding of critical regulatory nodes in the circadian network and cancer. Pharmacological manipulation of the clock may be valuable for treating cancer. The discoveries of small-molecule clock modulators and their possible application in cancer treatment are examined in this review.

Smart Medicine Remainder Box for Elderly People with IoT

This project focuses on developing a Smart Medicine Reminder Box for elderly people, leveraging IoT technology to enhance medication adherence. The system utilizes an Arduino AT Mega microcontroller to gather data from various sensors. An IR sensor is employed to detect the presence of medicine in the compartments, ensuring accurate monitoring of medicine intake. To provide timely reminders, a Real-Time Clock (RTC) module is integrated, triggering a buzzer alert when it is time for medication. The ESP8266 Wi-Fi module connects to the Blynk platform, sending alert notifications to caregivers or family members via a smartphone app. Additionally, a GSM module is included to make call alerts, ensuring critical reminders are not missed. This multi-faceted alert system is designed to support elderly individuals in maintaining their medication schedules, thereby improving health outcomes, and reducing the risk of missed doses

Nobiletin Stimulates Adrenal Hormones and Modulates the Circadian Clock in Mice.

Polymethoxyflavonoids, such as nobiletin (abundant in Citrus depressa), have been reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and anti-dementia effects, and are also a circadian clock modulator through retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor (ROR) α/γ. However, the optimal timing of nobiletin intake has not yet been determined. Here, we explored the time-dependent treatment effects of nobiletin and a possible novel mechanistic idea for nobiletin-induced circadian clock regulation in mice. In vivo imaging showed that the PER2::LUC rhythm in the peripheral organs was altered in accordance with the timing of nobiletin administration (100 mg/kg). Administration at ZT4 (middle of the light period) caused an advance in the peripheral clock, whereas administration at ZT16 (middle of the dark period) caused an increase in amplitude. In addition, the intraperitoneal injection of nobiletin significantly and potently stimulated corticosterone and adrenaline secretion and caused an increase in Per1 expression in the peripheral tissues. Nobiletin inhibited phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4A1A, 4B1, and 10A2. Nobiletin or rolipram (PDE4 inhibitor) injection, but not SR1078 (RORα/γ agonist), caused acute Per1 expression in the peripheral tissues. Thus, the present study demonstrated a novel function of nobiletin and the regulation of the peripheral circadian clock.

Brain-muscle communication prevents muscle aging by maintaining daily physiology.

A molecular clock network is crucial for daily physiology and maintaining organismal health. We examined the interactions and importance of intratissue clock networks in muscle tissue maintenance. In arrhythmic mice showing premature aging, we created a basic clock module involving a central and a peripheral (muscle) clock. Reconstituting the brain-muscle clock network is sufficient to preserve fundamental daily homeostatic functions and prevent premature muscle aging. However, achieving whole muscle physiology requires contributions from other peripheral clocks. Mechanistically, the muscle peripheral clock acts as a gatekeeper, selectively suppressing detrimental signals from the central clock while integrating important muscle homeostatic functions. Our research reveals the interplay between the central and peripheral clocks in daily muscle function and underscores the impact of eating patterns on these interactions.

Circadian clock regulation of muscle stem cells and its potential therapeutic targeting

Background: The circadian clock drives daily oscillations of stem cell behaviors. Molecular clock components orchestrate key myogenic properties of muscle stem cells (MuSCs) in muscle regeneration. Recent studies indicate circadian clock involvement in the pathogenesis of Duchene Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) and disease progression. We generated a novel mouse model with Bmal1-mediated clock gain-of-function in satellite cells to explore the effect of genetic clock activation in promoting MuSC regenerative response. Furthermore, our recent discovery of Chlorhexidine (CHX) as a clock-activating molecule with pro-myogenic properties provides a pharmacological tool to probe clock modulation for disease applications. Hypothesis: Genetic and pharmacological activation of the circadian clock may promote regenerative capacity via clock-controlled pro-myogenic mechanisms to mitigate dystrophic disease. Methods: Mice with satellite cell-selective ectopic expression of Bmal1 (BMKI) were subjected to cardiotoxin injury to elicit regenerative response. Muscle regeneration at 3, 7, 14, and 30 days post-injury was interrogated via Pax7 immunostaining to determine satellite cell expansion, embryonic myosin heavy chain for nascent myofiber formation and myogenic gene induction. In parallel, we carried out medicinal chemistry optimization of CHX scaffold that yielded structural derivatives with improved clock-enhancing activities. Their clock-modulatory and pro-myogenic effcacies were determined in primary myoblasts and a pre-clinical DMD model, the mdx mice. Results: Upon injury, Bmal1 knock in (BMKI) mice displayed a prolonged phase of myogenic activation coupled with enhanced neo-myofiber formation during regeneration. Ex vivo culture of primary myoblasts isolated from BMKI mice demonstrated augmented proliferative and myogenic properties. Based on the findings of clock gain-of-function in promoting regenerative myogenesis, we screened CHX analogs for improved clock-enhancing activities and identified a new compound, CM2, with increased effcacy on promoting myogenic differentiation and proliferative growth of C2C12 myoblasts, primary mouse myoblast and dystrophin-deficient myoblasts. Both CHX and CM2 were suffcient to promote nascent myofiber formation in vivo induced by injury. Lastly, direct administration of CHX or CM2 into dystrophic muscle markedly induced regenerative response with up-regulations of myogenic factors and clock components. Studies of these clock-activating compounds in bone marrow-derived microphages revealed significant inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, suggesting both anti-inflammatory and pro-myogenic mechanisms of pharmacological clock activation may contribute to improved dystrophic pathophysiology in the mdx mice. Conclusions: Through genetic and pharmacological approaches to augment clock function, our study establishes the mechanistic basis for targeting circadian clock to promote muscle regenerative repair. The pro-myogenic and anti-inflammatory actions of clock-enhancing molecules suggest their drug development potentials as novel intervention strategy for dystrophic diseases. Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute Innovative Award, R56AG080294. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Blooms & Bytes Nurturing Garden with Smart Irrigation – Planning

Blooms and Bytes: Nurturing Garden with Smart Irrigation proposes a cutting-edge solution to address the challenges of water scarcity and inefficient irrigation practices in gardens. The project integrates advanced technology to automate and optimize watering processes, ensuring sustainable plant growth while conserving water resources. Through the implementation of hardware components such as solenoid valves, water filters, and pressure pumps, coupled with automation facilitated by microcontrollers and real-time clock modules, the system offers precise control over irrigation schedules. Additionally, a cloud monitoring system enables remote management and monitoring of the garden layout. The project outlines a comprehensive implementation plan, market research insights, and budget considerations, emphasizing the benefits of water conservation, environmental sustainability, and time efficiency. Collaboration with NGOs and funding agencies is sought to support the project's implementation. Overall, the proposed smart irrigation system presents a promising solution to promote eco-friendly gardening practices and contribute to sustainable development goals. Keywords: Water conservation, Automation, Sustainable Technology, Smart irrigation

Enhanced Security and Efficiency in Attendance Management: A Novel RFID and Arduino Integrated System

The advent of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has ushered in a new paradigm in the domain of automated attendance systems, offering a sophisticated yet user-friendly approach to personnel management. This paper presents a comprehensive study on the design and deployment of an RFID-based attendance system powered by the versatile Arduino platform, elucidating its operational tenets, system architecture, and practical implementations. At the heart of the system lies the MFRC522 RFID reader, which synergizes with an Arduino microcontroller to facilitate the identification and logging of attendance data. The system is enhanced by the inclusion of an SD Card Module for data storage and a Real-Time Clock (RTC) Module to ensure accurate timestamping of attendance events. The seamless integration of these components results in a robust mechanism that not only simplifies the attendance tracking process but also fortifies the security framework by leveraging unique identifiers for each user. The study spans the detailed process of assembling the hardware, crafting the software in the Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE), and meticulously testing the integrated system to affirm its efficacy. The resulting attendance system embodies a significant stride towards refining attendance management practices, eliminating the shortcomings of manual tracking while providing a scalable and reliable solution adaptable to various organizational settings.

Smart Agriculture – Automatic Monitoring of Soil Moisture and Irrigation Control for Farming Land

In this article, we proposed an integrated application of automatic moisture and Irrigation control using Real-Time Clock (RTC) and Light-Dependent Resistor (LDR). The main idea of this paper is predicated on using as little energy as possible. In this work, we use the DS1307 real-time clock module to automatically switch on or off motor dependent on the time of day. The sensors are used for monitoring the soil conditions in agriculture field. Programming controls the timing of when the device is active. The most significant benefit of the proposed design is the reduction of risk associated with potential crashes and save water. Motors on the farm are often switched on at dry time and left OFF on wet conditions till necessity. Their operation is entirely automatic. Because of the protection of the farmers from the electrical shock during the rainy season, this proposed design intends to automate the operation of soil monitoring and irrigation in order to reduce water, power consumption and advance technological progress in agriculture farms and support in smart India. A significant amount of electricity is lost in the typical lighting system; however, this may be prevented with automatic control employing LDR.

Automatic solar-based pet food dispenser system

For the majority of people, having a pet is always simple, but caring for it will always be a pain in the neck since pet owners must devote a whole time to meeting the pet’s demands, which include food, shelter, medical care, love and attention. Nowadays, feeding is one of the most frequent issues that pet owners’ encounter due to heavy work schedule. As a result, the automatic solar-powered pet food dispenser system is useful for assisting pet owners in caring for their pet’s needs when they are away from home or on the road. This automatic pet feeder proposes a simple automatic pet food dispenser controlled using the Arduino as the main controller. DS3231 Real Time Clock (RTC) module that can assist in automatically giving the pets the right mealtime was employed. This helps the food dispensing process without the owner’s presence, which is unlike the manual pet feeding product. The project ensures that the pets are fed on schedule and that the amount of food released is controlled appropriately. Also, this project will employ solar energy as a green energy source for sustainable development. This project can feed the pets 20 grams or less pet food in a single meal, according to the servo motor rotation setting activated by the Arduino.

Microcontroller Based Smart Energy Meter with Data Logger System

Recent advancements in power system ensure that energy being generated is efficiently delivered to meet the growing demand for electricity in many countries. However, determining the proper energy usage by the consumers has become a major challenge to utility companies. Metering is an important aspect of electricity distribution, it helps to accurately measure and bill customers for their electricity consumption. In this project, a prototype for an electricity monitoring system using ATMEGA328P as the microcontroller was proposed and developed. The display parameter values are voltage, current, power factor, active and apparent power. A ZMPT101B voltage sensor is used to measure the AC voltage, while an SCT-013 100A current sensor is used to measure the AC current flowing through meter. In addition, a rotary encoder is used to converts the rotational motion into an electrical signal which is used to measure and control various parameters in a system. Real time clock module is based on an internal clock that generates pulses at a fixed frequency. variety of tests to verify that the system can handle the expected volume of data, can communicate reliably and that can secure data were performed such as logging the energy data to memory card, testing input sensors, The voltage and current errors for the energy meter are ±0.1% and ±0.3%, respectively while the power value error of ±0.04%, which is acceptable for most metering devices, The use of smart metering system lead to a more sustainable and efficient energy system for achieving a more sustainable future.

CRY1/2 regulate rhythmic CYP2A5 in mouse liver through repression of E4BP4

CYP2A5, an enzyme responsible for metabolism of diverse drugs, displays circadian rhythms in its expression and activity. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully established. Here we aimed to investigate a potential role of CRY1/2 (circadian clock modulators) in circadian regulation of hepatic CYP2A5. Regulatory effects of CRY1/2 on CYP2A5 were determined using Cry1-null and Cry2-null mice, and validated using AML-12, Hepa1-6 and HepG2 cells. CYP2A5 activities both in vivo and in vitro were assessed using coumarin 7-hydroxylation as a probe reaction. mRNA and protein levels were detected by qPCR and western blotting, respectively. Regulatory mechanism was studied using a combination of luciferase reporter assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). We found that ablation of Cry1 or Cry2 in mice reduced hepatic CYP2A5 expression (at both mRNA and protein levels) and blunted its diurnal rhythms. Consistently, these knockouts showed decreased CYP2A5 activity (characterised by coumarin 7-hydroxylation) and a loss of its time-dependency, as well as exacerbated coumarin-induced hepatotoxicity. Cell-based assays confirmed that CRY1/2 positively regulated CYP2A5 expression and rhythms. Based on combined luciferase reporter, ChIP and Co-IP assays, we unraveled that CRY1/2 interacted with E4BP4 protein to repress its inhibitory effect on Cyp2a5 transcription and expression. In conclusion, CRY1/2 regulate rhythmic CYP2A5 in mouse liver through repression of E4BP4. These findings advance our understanding of circadian regulation of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics.

A Small-Molecule Modulator Affecting the Clock-Associated PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR 7 Amount.

Circadian clocks are biological timekeeping systems that coordinate genetic, metabolic and physiological behaviors with the external day-night cycle. The clock in plants relies on the transcriptional-translational feedback loops transcription-translation feedback loop (TTFL), consisting of transcription factors including PSUEDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR (PRR) proteins, plant lineage-specific transcriptional repressors. Here, we report that a novel synthetic small-molecule modulator, 5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-phenyl-1,7-dihydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-d] pyrimidine-4,6(5H)-dione (TU-892), affects the PRR7 protein amount. A clock reporter line of Arabidopsis was screened against the 10,000 small molecules in the Maybridge Hitfinder 10K chemical library. This screening identified TU-892 as a period-lengthening molecule. Gene expression analyses showed that TU-892 treatment upregulates CIRCADIAN CLOCK-ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1) mRNA expression. TU-892 treatment reduced the amount of PRR7 protein, a transcriptional repressor of CCA1. Other PRR proteins including TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 were altered less by TU-892 treatment. TU-892-dependent CCA1 upregulation was attenuated in mutants impaired in PRR7. Collectively, TU-892 is a novel type of clock modulator that reduces the levels of PRR7 protein.

The Circadian Nobiletin-ROR Axis Suppresses Adipogenic Differentiation and IκBα/NF-κB Signaling in Adipocytes.

Obesity is a known risk factor for metabolic diseases and is often associated with chronic inflammation in adipose tissue. We previously identified the polyethoxylated flavonoid Nobiletin (NOB) as a circadian clock modulator that directly binds to and activates the ROR receptors in the core oscillator, markedly improving metabolic fitness in obese mice. Here, we show that NOB enhanced the oscillation of core clock genes in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes, including ROR target genes such as Bmal1, Cry1, Dec1, and Dec2. NOB inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 and SVF cells, concomitant with the dysregulated circadian expression of adipogenic differentiation-related genes including Cebpb, Pparg, Lpl, Scd1, and Fas. Importantly, RORα/RORγ double knockdown in 3T3-L1 cells (Ror DKD) significantly attenuated the effects of NOB on circadian gene expression and lipid accumulation. Furthermore, whereas NOB upregulated the expression of IκBα, a target of RORs, to inhibit NF-κB activation and proinflammatory cytokine expression, Ror DKD cells exhibited a heightened activation of the NF-κB pathway, further indicating a requisite role of RORs for NOB efficacy in adipocytes. Together, these results highlight a significant regulatory function of the NOB-ROR axis in the circadian expression of clock and clock-controlled genes in adipocytes, thereby governing adipogenic differentiation, lipogenesis, and inflammation.

Steroid receptor coactivator TAIMAN is a new modulator of insect circadian clock.

TAIMAN (TAI), the only insect ortholog of mammalian Steroid Receptor Coactivators (SRCs), is a critical modulator of ecdysone and juvenile hormone (JH) signaling pathways, which govern insect development and reproduction. The modulatory effect is mediated by JH-dependent TAI's heterodimerization with JH receptor Methoprene-tolerant and association with the Ecdysone Receptor complex. Insect hormones regulate insect physiology and development in concert with abiotic cues, such as photo- and thermoperiod. Here we tested the effects of JH and ecdysone signaling on the circadian clock by a combination of microsurgical operations, application of hormones and hormone mimics, and gene knockdowns in the linden bug Pyrrhocoris apterus males. Silencing taiman by each of three non-overlapping double-strand RNA fragments dramatically slowed the free-running period (FRP) to 27-29 hours, contrasting to 24 hours in controls. To further corroborate TAIMAN's clock modulatory function in the insect circadian clock, we performed taiman knockdown in the cockroach Blattella germanica. Although Blattella and Pyrrhocoris lineages separated ~380 mya, B. germanica taiman silencing slowed the FRP by more than 2 hours, suggesting a conserved TAI clock function in (at least) some insect groups. Interestingly, the pace of the linden bug circadian clock was neither changed by blocking JH and ecdysone synthesis, by application of the hormones or their mimics nor by the knockdown of corresponding hormone receptors. Our results promote TAI as a new circadian clock modulator, a role described for the first time in insects. We speculate that TAI participation in the clock is congruent with the mammalian SRC-2 role in orchestrating metabolism and circadian rhythms, and that TAI/SRCs might be conserved components of the circadian clock in animals.

Development of a hot weather warning tool for heat index monitoring in Thailand

This study aims to develop and test an extremely hot weather warning tool. The tool consists of a Node MCU ESP8266 microcontroller, air temperature and relative humidity sensor (DHT22), real time clock module (DS3231), micro-SD-card adapter (HW-125), display screen (2004A), and breadboard-shield. It is connected and controlled by Arduino IDE program. Its measurement ranges for temperature, humidity, and heat index are <10 to >50°C, 0 to 100%, and <27 to >50°C, respectively. This device also presents real-time health impacts by displaying one of five warning levels, namely 1) normal level (HI < 27°C), 2) caution level (HI 27°C to <32°C), 3) extreme caution level (HI 32°C to <41°C), 4) danger level (HI 41°C to <54°C), and 5) extreme danger level (HI ≥ 54°C). The data can be directly transferred to a computer by a card adapter. Based on validation with the occupational health and safety standards instrument, no outliers or missing data were found. HIEHT had a highly positive correlation with HIQT36 (r=0.99; p<0.01; n=4,182). Heat Index data measured by this tool was found to have acceptable values with a bias of 0.54 and RMSE of 0.99. For the pilot areas tested, it was found that the extremely hot weather warning tool can fully measure and record, as well as continuously display the results according to the tested date and time. These results show that the developed tool is a simple, easy-to-use, inexpensive, tiny, and portable instrument that can be used to monitor and measure heat to widely communicate extremely hot weather warning information to vulnerable groups and the general public in the community.