Types Of Clips Research Articles

Revisit of aneurysm clip closing forces: comparison of titanium versus cobalt alloy clip

Although closing force of cobalt alloy clip is well studied, there is only little information of titanium alloy clip available in the literature. In the present study, we examined and compared closing forces of various types and points of cerebral titanium and cobalt aneurysm clips for cerebral aneurysms. Straight, temporary, bayonet, angled, and fenestrated titanium or cobalt alloy clips were tested by measuring the closing forces at various points along their blade length. Closing forces of all the tested clips linearly increased from tip to base of clip blades. Sugita Titanium II clips had bigger closing forces than Elgiloy clips in all type clips except for the temporary clips. The closing forces of Sugita Titanium II and Yasargil titanium clips were similar in straight permanent type clip although there were some differences in closing forces between other types of Sugita and Yasargil clips. Our data showed that the closing forces differed depending not only on manufacturers but also on materials and shapes.

Endoscopic closure devices

Endoscopic closure devices

Collaborative Peer Video Analysis

This mixed-methods study explored (a) the purposes for which teachers selected video clips of their own literacy teaching and assessment practices to share and discuss with peers, (b) how these purposes were related to the content of the discussions, and (c) what variables were related to teachers’ generation of new ideas and future actions that they considered. Data included 39 transcribed video events, in which 14 in-service teachers engaged in discussions of their video clips. Emergent coding and constant comparative method were used for analyses. The authors found three purposes for sharing clips—explicit problems, implicit problems, and successes. Three issues were addressed—methods/materials, reader engagement, and reader processes. Six themes described how teachers’ purposes were related to their discussion content. First, sharing one problem led to one conversational focus. Second, sharing multiple problems led to multiple conversational foci. Third, sharing a problem and then a success resulted in peers focusing on the success. Fourth, sharing a success and then a problem resulted in peers focusing on the problem. Fifth, sharing a success related to methods/materials or reader engagement bred peers’ interest in how to apply these ideas to their own practice. Sixth, sharing a success related to reader processing led to peers focusing on other issues in the video. Based on the statistical model, teachers’ generation of new ideas was related to purposes and issues for clip sharing, and future actions considered were related to the clip type (instructional clips yielded more future actions).

Video Inpainting on Digitized Vintage Films via Maintaining Spatiotemporal Continuity

Video inpainting is an important video enhancement technique used to facilitate the repair or editing of digital videos. It has been employed worldwide to transform cultural artifacts such as vintage videos/films into digital formats. However, the quality of such videos is usually very poor and often contain unstable luminance and damaged content. In this paper, we propose a video inpainting algorithm for repairing damaged content in digitized vintage films, focusing on maintaining good spatiotemporal continuity. The proposed algorithm utilizes two key techniques. Motion completion recovers missing motion information in damaged areas to maintain good temporal continuity. Frame completion repairs damaged frames to produce a visually pleasing video with good spatial continuity and stabilized luminance. We demonstrate the efficacy of the algorithm on different types of video clips.

Design of Measurement and Control System for the Rail Fastening Spring Clip Type A and B

The measurement and control system is designed to control the measuring instrument which measures the geometric parameters of rail fastening spring clips. The structure and work principle of the measurement and control system are presented. Nine geometric parameters of a rail fastening spring clip which is installed only one time can be measured atomically. The limited errors of measured parameters are largely smaller than one tenth of the geometric parameter tolerance. It only spends 40 seconds to measure a rail fastening spring clip. It improves the quality of the rail fastening spring clip production and ensures that it is safe and reliably used in railway.

영구자석과 홀소자로 구비된 집게형 맥진기를 이용한 맥진파형 측정과 분석

비가압 상태에서 정확하게 측정한 맥진파형 신호를 얻기 위하여 영구자석과 홀소자로 구비된 안정시 휴대성이 가능한 집게형 맥진기 시제품을 개발하였다. 소형 영구 자석 1개 위치 변화로 얻은 요골동맥 맥진 파형의 4가지 중요 상관인자인 주기, 수축시간, 반사파시간, 절흔 시간들을 결정하여 5초간 수집한 실험값들을 서로 비교 분석하였다. 집게의 스프링에서 누르는 일정 압력을 사용해 가압 느낌 없이 재현성 있는 맥박수 및 혈압 측정함으로써 홀소자 집게형 맥진기 개발이 가능함을 보여주었다. We measured signals at the "Guan" region of a radially arterial pulse using the prototype of a clamping pulsimeter equipped with a Hall effect device, which is passed signals through the voltage detecting hard ware system. The important four different measuring times of the period, systolic, reflective, and notch peaks for a temporally pulse signal are obtained and compared each other from the analysis for an arbitrary pulse wave of one position of small size permanent magnet. It is possible to measure the reproducible pulse rate and blood pressure by using the cuffless clip type pulsimeter without an unpleasant oppressive feeling due to the use of pressurization.

고속 전차선로 드로퍼에 대한 기계적 하중에 관한 연구

드로퍼는 전차선로에서 여러형태의 클램프로 취부되어 전차선이 수평으로 유지하도록 지지하고, 판토그라프가 통과할 때 굽힘에 대한 기계적 응력에 영향을 받는다. 고속선용 드로퍼의 파단 원인을 조사하기 위해, 이론적 분석 및 시험을 실행하였다. 본 논문에서 사전이도에 의한 드로퍼의 정적 하중을 계산하였고, 시험에서 측정된 값과 유사하였다. 드로퍼 와이어의 파단원인을 분석하기 위해 현장에서 파단된 시료는 SEM 분석을 하였고, 새 시료도 일부 병행하며 시행하였다. 마지막으로, 고속열차가 300km/h로 통과할 때 드로퍼에 대한 동적 하중의 변화를 측정하였다. 기계적 하중이 반복적으로 발생될 때, 드로퍼 와이어는 피로에 의해 파단될 것이다. 이 결과는 고속전차선로 유지보수의 특별 관리와 드로퍼의 수명평가를 하는데 활용될 수 있을 것이다. The dropper supports the contact wire and is attached using various types of dropper clips on the catenary. Droppers are subject to mechanical stress from buckling during the passage of pantographs. In order to investigate failure causes for the high speed line dropper, theoretical analyses and experiments have been carried out. In this paper, mathematical formulas are derived for the pre-sag of the dropper static load. The measured values in the experiment were similar to the theoretical predictions. To analyze the cause on fracture of dropper wire, we have conducted analysis such as SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope) of fractured specimens in the field and new specimens. Finally, we performed measurement for the variation of dynamic load on the dropper when a pantograph moved at 300km/h under the Korean high speed overhead line. If such mechanical load occur repeatedly with every passing pantograph, it is possible that the dropper wire will break due to fatigue. This results will be used for special management of high speed catenary system maintenance and life estimation of dropper.

Efficacy of NiTi Hand CAC™ 30 for jejunojejunostomy in gastric cancer surgery: results from a multicenter prospective randomized trial

Although a novel technique for the performance of intestinal sutureless anastomosis using a compression device has recently been investigated, it has not yet received widespread acceptance. We performed a multicenter prospective randomized trial in order to determine the clinical efficacy of the NiTi Hand CAC 30, a type of compression anastomosis clip (CAC), for jejunojejunostomy in gastric cancer surgery. Forty-seven patients from 6 institutions, who were diagnosed with gastric adenocarcinoma, were enrolled; these patients were randomized to a CAC group and a hand-sewn (control) group. Three patients dropped out for various reasons, and results for 44 patients were finally analyzed. The CAC group consisted of 20 patients, and there were 24 patients in the control group. Anastomosis time, the primary endpoint of this trial, was shorter in the CAC group than in the control group (P < 0.001). However, total operation times (P = 0.055) did not differ. All reconstructions were completed by Roux-en-Y anastomosis, and the complication rates of the two groups did not differ (P = 0.908); however, jejunojejunostomy leakage occurred in two patients in the CAC group. Our prospective multicenter clinical trial showed that the use of the NiTi Hand CAC™ 30 for jejunojejunostomy in gastric cancer surgery was feasible and could reduce anastomosis time. However, considering that there were two cases of leakage, extended use of the NiTi Hand CAC™ 30 should be carefully applied.

Conditioning specific positive states to unfamiliar flavours influences flavour liking

Food products can have significant influence on consumers’ affective states. Flavours can be used to evoke affective states, and affective information has been shown to influence how much of a beverage is consumed. In this study we investigated whether novel flavours could be conditioned to two different specific positive states (“feeling active” and “feeling relaxed”). We associated flavours with these states by using different types of positive film clips and tested how this influenced liking and different behavioural attributes using implicit measures, in particular self-focus and activity. Participants consumed one of two unfamiliar flavoured drinks (one liked and one neutral) for five consecutive days while watching film clips evoking active, relaxed, or neutral states. We examined the levels of activity and self-focus evoked by the conditioned drinks using implicit measures. Activity was higher in the active film clip condition than in the neutral control condition. For the liked flavour, positive conditioning reduced initial liking, compared to the control condition. The pattern was different for the neutral flavour. Results show that it is possible to condition flavours to induce specific positive states and that this process affects product liking.

Endoscopic sealing of a rectovesical fistula with a combination of an over the scope clip and cyano-acrylate injection.

The risk of anastomotic fistula after colon resection is currently reported to range from 5% to 10%. If the fistula is symptomatic or pauci-symptomatic the best therapy is a diverting ileostomy for 2-3 months with subsequent recanalization only when a radiological contrast study shows that the fistula has disappeared (1). Recently, technological advances in gastrointestinal accessories have led to the development of a novel type of clip, the over the scope (OVESCO®) clip, currently used for organ closure during natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) (2), or in particular cases of bleeding of the gastrointestinal tract (3) or deep wall lesions (4).

High contextual sensitivity of metaphorical expressions and gesture blending: A video event-related potential design

Human communication in a natural context implies the dynamic coordination of contextual clues, paralinguistic information and literal as well as figurative language use. In the present study we constructed a paradigm with four types of video clips: literal and metaphorical expressions accompanied by congruent and incongruent gesture actions. Participants were instructed to classify the gesture accompanying the expression as congruent or incongruent by pressing two different keys while electrophysiological activity was being recorded. We compared behavioral measures and event related potential (ERP) differences triggered by the gesture stroke onset. Accuracy data showed that incongruent metaphorical expressions were more difficult to classify. Reaction times were modulated by incongruent gestures, by metaphorical expressions and by a gesture–expression interaction. No behavioral differences were found between the literal and metaphorical expressions when the gesture was congruent. N400-like and LPC-like (late positive complex) components from metaphorical expressions produced greater negativity. The N400-like modulation of metaphorical expressions showed a greater difference between congruent and incongruent categories over the left anterior region, compared with the literal expressions. More importantly, the literal congruent as well as the metaphorical congruent categories did not show any difference. Accuracy, reaction times and ERPs provide convergent support for a greater contextual sensitivity of the metaphorical expressions.

Comparison of skin adhesive and absorbable intracutaneous suture for the implantation of cardiac rhythm devices

Wound healing is a major determent in the post-surgical course of patients (pts) after pacemaker (PM) and implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation. Insufficient closure may lead to serious complications with pocket infections leading to the device's explantation as the worst case scenario. In addition to the different types of suture and suture clips, a novel topical skin adhesive containing 2-octyl-cyanoacrylate is commercially available. Over a period of 18 months, we prospectively assigned all cases of PM, ICD, and loop recorder implants either to skin adhesive (Group 1) or to absorbable intracutaneous polydioxanon suture (Group 2). Data were analysed with respect to operation time, wound infections, and healing disorders. One hundred and eighty-three pts were randomized into Group 1 [71 PMs, 60 ICD, 15 cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), 11 loop recorders, and 26 generator replacements]. One hundred and eighty-five pts were assigned to Group 2 (62 PMs, 70 ICD, 30 CRT, 7 loop recorders, and 16 generator replacements). There were no differences regarding sex, diabetes, renal insufficiency, corticosteroid therapy, oral anticoagulants, and acetylsalicylic asa/clopidogrel (P = n.s.). For the significantly higher amount of CRT devices (P < 0.05) in Group 2, the procedure times are given for surgeries except CRT. It was 49.1 ± 27.7 min for Group 1 and 53.4 ± 31.9 min for Group 2 (P = n.s.). Adverse events as insufficient closure, major and minor bleeding, pocket haematoma, erythema, incrustation, dehiscence, keloid, and explantation due to infection occurred significantly more often in the adhesive group (P = 0.02). The greatest impact on this result had early adverse events as insufficient closure, wound incrustation, and inflammation (9.3 vs. 6.0%; P = 0.02). We did not find any difference in long-term adverse events, infections in particular (2.7 vs. 1.6%; P = 0.47). This study shows no benefit using skin adhesive in comparison to absorbable intracutaneous suture regarding surgery times for the implantation of cardiac rhythm devices. The rate of early adverse events after wound closure is higher after skin adhesive but no difference in long-term adverse events occurred.

Postoperative Assessment of Clipped Aneurysms With 64-Slice Computerized Tomography Angiography

Multidetector computerized tomography angiography (MDCTA) is now a widely accepted technique for the management of intracranial aneurysms. To evaluate its accuracy for the postoperative assessment of clipped intracranial aneurysms. We analyzed a consecutive series of 31 patients that underwent direct surgical clipping procedures of 38 aneurysms. A 64 slice MDCT scanner (Aquilion 64, Toshiba) was used and results were compared with digital subtraction angiographies (DSA). Two independent neuroradiologists analyzed the following data: examination quality, artifacts, aneurysm remnant, and patency of collateral branches. Interobserver agreement, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated. Seventy-nine percent of the aneurysms were located in the anterior circulation. Significant artifacts were found with multiple and cobalt-alloy clips. According to DSA, remnants >2 mm were found in 21% of the cases, and 2 patients had one collateral branch occluded. Sensitivity and specificity of 64-MDCTA for the detection of aneurysm remnants were 50% and 100%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of 64-MDCTA for the detection of a significant remnant (>2 mm) and the detection of the occlusion of a collateral branch were, respectively, 67% and 100% and 50% and 100%. No relationship was found with the location, type, shape, size, or number of clips, but missed remnants tended to be larger with cobalt-alloy clips. 64-MDCTA is a valuable technique to assess the presence of a significant postoperative remnant in single titanium clip application cases and might be useful for long-term follow-up. DSA remains the most accurate postoperative radiological examination.

Affective Response to a Set of New Musical Stimuli

Recently, a novel set of musical stimuli was developed in an attempt to bring more rigor to a paradigm which often falls under scientific scrutiny. Although these musical clips were validated in terms of recognition for emotion, valence, and arousal, the clips were not specifically tested for their ability to elicit certain affective responses. The present study examined self-reported "elation" among 82 participants after listening to one of two types of the musical clips; 47 listened to happy music and 35 listened to sad music. Individuals who listened to happy music reported significantly higher "elation" than individuals who listened to the sad music. These results support the idea that music can elicit certain affective state responses.

The Role of Emotion Recognition from Non-Verbal Behaviour in Detection of Concealed Firearm Carrying

Individuals can detect the mood of people shown in image sequences on the basis of non-verbal cues, such as facial expressions and body movements. Carrying firearms is known to elicit certain emotional states in their carrier. In relation to the CCTV surveillance task the present study investigated whether observers are able to perceive differences in the emotional states and non-verbal behaviour of people who are, and who are not, carrying concealed firearms, as judged through monitoring video footage. The results showed that the observers were able to differentiate between the two video clip types by attributing different moods to the surveillance targets who were correctly judged to have higher levels of dysphoria whilst concealing a firearm than whilst concealing an innocuous object. Furthermore, certain visual cues were found to be related to the performance of the observers. These results are discussed with regard to future research on this issue.

Infants segment action sequences into basic movement-effect units

Abstract. We examined the hypothesis that infants’ early action segmentation is guided by knowledge about simple movement-effect associations. Nine- and 12-month-olds were familiarized with a video showing a sequence of two actions, each a simple movement-effect unit. At test, infants saw two types of test clips derived from the original video: A ”complete action” consisting of one of the original actions, and a ”compound action” consisting of the transition between the first and second action, preserving temporal contiguity but disrupting the movement-effect unit. Twelve-month-olds displayed a significant looking preference for complete over compound actions. Nine-month-olds displayed a corresponding but weaker pattern. We conclude that between 9 and 12 months infants begin to segment sequences of actions into simple movement-effect units.

The Role of Emotion Recognition from Non-Verbal Behaviour in Detection of Concealed Firearm Carrying

Individuals can detect the mood of people shown in image sequences on the basis of non-verbal cues, such as facial expressions and body movements. Carrying firearms is known to elicit certain emotional states in their carrier. In relation to the CCTV surveillance task the present study investigated whether observers are able to perceive differences in the emotional states and non-verbal behaviour of people who are, and who are not, carrying concealed firearms, as judged through monitoring video footage. The results showed that the observers were able to differentiate between the two video clip types by attributing different moods to the surveillance targets who were correctly judged to have higher levels of dysphoria whilst concealing a firearm than whilst concealing an innocuous object. Furthermore, certain visual cues were found to be related to the performance of the observers. These results are discussed with regard to future research on this issue.

A distributed knowledge-based system for the optimum utilisation of South African wool

A distributed knowledge-based system for the optimum utilisation of South African wool

Mortality in bronchiectasis: a long-term study assessing the factors influencing survival

There is little literature about the mortality associated with bronchiectasis. The aim of the present study was to investigate factors affecting mortality in patients with bronchiectasis. In total, 91 patients were examined for aetiology, pulmonary function tests, high-resolution computed tomography, sputum microbiology and quality of life scores and were then followed over 13 yrs. Overall, 29.7% of the patients died. On multivariate analysis, age, St George's Respiratory Questionnaire activity score, Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, total lung capacity (TLC), residual volume/TLC and the transfer factor coefficient were all independently associated with mortality. In patients with moderate to severe bronchiectasis, mortality is associated with a degree of restrictive and obstructive disease, poor gas transfer and chronic pseudomonas infection. These features should guide future research into disease progression, and identify those patients needing intensive treatment.

What Makes a Video Clip Interesting?

Classroom video excerpts are often used to help preservice and practicing teachers explore students' mathematical ideas. This article describes several types of video clips that the authors have found to be particularly productive for this purpose.