Clinpro Sealant Research Articles

Comparison of Resin Infiltrant and Sealants on Pre-Cavitated Lesions in Primary Teeth: A Quantitative Analysis Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

ABSTRACT Aim: This study was conducted to analyze the effects of sealants and resin infiltrant on pre-cavitated lesions in primary teeth (AAS) using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Material and Method: Forty freshly extracted intact human primary molars were used for the study. All the specimens were then divided into four groups of ten specimens. These groups are treated differently. The specimens were stored in artificial saliva throughout the study. The AAS was then used to assess the calcium dissolution of artificial saliva. Result: A comparison of Group III and Group IV established a statistically significant difference found in the amount of calcium dissolution in artificial saliva. Group III showed lesser calcium dissolution from enamel compared to Group IV in artificial saliva. Conclusion: Resin infiltration showed more resistance to the release of calcium from enamel as compared to Clinpro Sealant in artificial saliva.

Microleakage Assessment of Hydrophilic Pit and Fissure Sealants Fortified with Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles-An in Vitro Study

Background and Aim: Pit and fissure sealants play a significant role in preventive dentistry. The sealant's physical properties lend a notable contribution to its long-term success. The invention of nanoscience has led to breakthrough discoveries in improving the mechanical properties of sealants. The current work aimed to evaluate the microleakage of Hydrophilic sealant fortified using silver nanoparticles compared to the Hydrophilic sealant and conventional sealant on permanent molars. Materials and methods: Silver nanoparticles were green synthesized using beetroot extract and incorporated into hydrophilic Ultraseal XT Hydro sealant. A sample of extracted third molars, thirty in number, were allocated randomly to three different groups as follows: Group I: conventional Clinpro sealant, Group II: hydrophilic Ultraseal XT hydro, and Group III: Ultraseal XT hydro fortified with silver nanoparticles. Microleakage assessment was performed using a stereomicroscope. The Kruskal-Wallis test was employed to compare the microleakage values of the three groups. Results: Group III had the lowest values about mean microleakage score , and the highest scores were noted for Group I ( . A statistically significant difference was observed in comparing the three groups employing the Kruskal-Wallis test. Conclusion: The results of the current study have established that the microleakage was the lowest in fortified UltraSeal XT Hydro (Group III) when compared to Ultraseal XT Hydro (Group II) and Clinpro sealant (Group I).

Comparison of Clinical Efficacy of Glass Ionomer-based Sealant using ART Protocol and Resin-based Sealant on Primary Molars in Children.

The present in vivo study aims to evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy and survival rate of resin-based composite sealant (Clinpro Sealant, 3M ESPE, Irvine, California, United States of America) with high viscosity glass ionomer (GI) (Equia Forte, GC India, Patancheru, Telangana, India) using atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) sealant protocol in primary molars. The design of the study was a clinical, prospective split-mouth study. A total of 100 contralateral primary molars were selected and divided into two groups. In group I, children received Equia Forte, and in group II, children received Clinpro Sealant. The follow-up examinations were performed in the 1st and 6th months. Simonsen's criteria were used to check for retention. International Caries Assessment and Detection System II (ICDAS II) criteria were used to check for dental caries. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. At 6 months, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups with regard to retention and caries preventive effect. High-viscosity GI sealants can be applied using the ART protocol and provide an alternative to resin-based sealants. There is a limited number of studies on the performance of ART sealants in primary molars. Thus, the clinical efficacy and survival rate of resin-based composite sealant (Clinpro Sealant, 3M ESPE, Irvine, California, United States of America) with high viscosity GI (Equia Forte, GC India, Patancheru, Telangana, India) using ART sealant protocol in primary molars were evaluated. The research concluded that high-viscosity GI sealants using ART protocol are effective sealants in primary molars. Kaverikana K, Vojjala B, Subramaniam P. Comparison of Clinical Efficacy of Glass Ionomer-based Sealant using ART Protocol and Resin-based Sealant on Primary Molars in Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(6):724-728.

Evaluation of the marginal integrity of various pit and fissure sealants.

To evaluate the marginal integrity of various pit and fissure sealants subjected to different application methods. A total of 253 non-carious human third molars extracted and randomly divided into two groups according to the preparation method employed: invasive or non-invasive. Eight fissure sealant materials were tested: nano-filled flowable composite (Filtek Ultimate Flow), nanohybrid flowable composite (GrandioSo Flow), micro-hybrid flowable composite (Majesty Flow), resin-based unfilled fissure sealant (ClinPro Sealant), resin-based filled fissure sealant (Fissurit FX), resin-based highly filled fissure sealant (GrandioSeal), giomer-based fissure sealant (BeautiSealant), and glass ionomer-based fissure sealant (Fuji Triage). Samples were subjected to two-year cyclic thermo-mechanical and brushing simulations. Two observers quantitatively evaluated the restoration margins and classified them as either "permanent restoration edge", or if a gap larger than 250 μm was evident, "gapping at the restoration edge". The extent of the gap was recorded as a percentage relative to the total length of the restoration edge. The baseline marginal adaptation had no significant effect on the marginal adaptation (P > 0.05). However, the preparation method and type of fissure sealant material had a significant impact on the marginal adaptation (P < 0.05). On the basis of quantitative analysis, the highest marginal integrity was observed for flowable composites, whereas the lowest was observed for glass ionomer-based fissure sealant.

Effect of pit-and-fissure sealants on postbrushing simulation - A photogenic study.

Pit-and-fissure sealants of the occlusal surfaces for the posterior teeth are well susceptible to develop dental caries compared to the smooth surfaces due to its complex morphology, which makes dental hygiene a challenging fact which give rise to increased plaque accumulation. The use of pit-and-fissure sealants is to provide inhibition toward microorganisms and aggregation of food particles, thereby inhibiting caries initiating and preventing caries progression. The study aimed to assess the effect of pit-and-fissure sealants postbrushing simulation through photography. For this photogenic original study, eight teeth were selected, with two groups each and four teeth present in each of the groups. Brushing simulator machines are well-established methods for analyzing the efficacy of toothbrushes. A total of 10,000 cycles were accounted for by the machine with linear X-axis and Y-axis = 2500 in each group. The clockwise and counterclockwise = 2500 in each group. From the research, it can be concluded that Group A is found to be more effective than Group B, where Group A is Clinpro sealant and Group B is YuSeal. This pit-and-fissure sealant application is very important in clinical practice to prevent the tooth from getting decayed. This research helps us to establish the amount of reduction in both the groups of sealants postbrushing as various brushing patterns influence the retention of pit-and-fissure sealants.

Methylene Blue Penetration of Resin Infiltration and Resin Sealant in Artificial White-Spot Lesions.

This study determined the potency of resin infiltrations and resin sealant in impeding microleakage on artificial white-spot lesions (AWL) by methylene blue penetration. Eighty AWL specimens were randomly separated into two groups for water storage for 24 hours (groups 1-4) and 20,000 cycles of thermocycling (TC) (groups 5-8). Each group was then separated into four subgroups (n = 10) based on the AWL surface treatments: (1) no Tx, (2) treated with resin infiltration (ICON, DMG, Hamburg, Germany), (3) treated with resin infiltration (Surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) barrier coat, SHOFU, Kyoto, Japan), (4) treated with resin sealant (Clinpro sealant, 3M ESPE, Minnesota, United States). Nail varnish was covered to all samples, with the exception of a 4 × 4 mm2 patch on the buccal measurement region, which was subsequently submerged in a 2% methylene blue solution and cut into buccolingual sections. Stereomicroscope measurements were used to calculate methylene blue penetration scores. The Kruskal-Wallis test and the Bonferroni post-hoc correction were performed to evaluate the data. Application of resin infiltrants and resin sealant reduced microleakage in AWL by methylene penetration both before and after thermal cycling. In addition, group 6 (ICON + TC) and group 7 (S-PRG + TC) had a significantly different value from group 8 (sealant + TC). Both the resin infiltration approach and the resin sealant seem to help seal AWL and might perhaps offer long-term defense against microleakage in AWL caused by methylene blue penetration. The greatest sealing and defense for microleakage in AWL were demonstrated by the resin infiltrations.

Clinical evaluation of bioactive resin based pits &amp; fissures sealants versus conventional resin based pits &amp; fissures sealants in caries susceptible fissures in permanent molars: A randomized controlled

Objectives: This study was carried out to evaluate the clinical performance of bioactive versus fluoride releasing resin-based pits and fissure sealants in molars in high caries risk patients regarding retention and caries incidence. Material and methods: A total of 38 participants received 38 pits and fissure sealants randomly using either; BioCoat™ by Premier® (Plymouth Meeting, Pennsylvania,USA) or Clinpro™ by 3M™ ESPE (St. Paul, Minnesota, USA) , all materials were utilized obeying manufacturers’ instructions. Sealants were evaluated using Simonsen’s criteria for retention and using VistaProof fluorescent camera for caries detection around sealants or in presealed fissures by two blinded assessors after 6-and 12- months. Chi square test was used to associate between the type of sealants and their clinical performance. Relative risk was used to assess the clinical significance. Survival rate was analysed using Kaplan-meier and Log-rank test Results: For retention, comparison between both sealants have shown no statistically significant difference throughout different follow up periods; baseline, 6 and 12 months (P = 1.0000, P = 0.9277 and P = 0.3185) respectively. There was 16% less risk for failure in retention for Biocoat sealant when compared to Clinpro sealant after 12 months (RR= 0.8366(95% CI 0.4306 to 1.6252; P =0.5985).

Comparison of a resin-based sealant with a nano-filled flowable resin composite on sealing performance of marginal defects in resin composites restorations: a 36-months clinical evaluation

Our goal was to evaluate the clinical behavior of resin-based composite (RBC) restorations with sealed marginal defects using nano-filled flowable RBCs (FRS) compared with resin-based sealant (RBS); this work used marginal adaptation, marginal staining, and secondary caries according to the World Dental Federation (FDI) criteria. This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Fifty-four patients who met the inclusion criteria (older than 18years old; with high cariogenic risk determined by Cariogram software; and restorations with marginal defects, 3 and 4 according to FDI criteria) were randomly divided into three groups. There were three defective RBC restorations per patient and were repaired (n = 162). The groups were RBS-marginal sealing using a resin-based sealant (Clinpro Sealant, 3M ESPE, MN, USA) plus adhesive (Single Bond Universal, 3M ESPE, MN, USA); FRS-sealing using flowable resin (Filtek Flow Z350XT, 3M ESPE, MN, USA) plus adhesive (Single Bond Universal, 3M ESPE, MN, USA); and control-no repair treatment. All procedures were performed under complete isolation. Evaluations were evaluated at 1-week post treatment (baseline) as well as at 18 and 36months after treatment regarding marginal adaptation, marginal staining, and secondary caries according to FDI criteria. The data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test (α = 0.05) to compare the differences in each treatment group at different evaluation times. Marginal adaptation of micro-repaired RBC restorations were seen in patients with a high risk of caries using flowable resin composite or resin-based sealants. There were differences (P < 0.001) when baseline was compared at 18 and 36months. Marginal staining showed differences when baseline was compared to 18months (P < 0.001) and 36months (P = 0.001) for both treatments. Secondary caries parameters for RBS treatment showed differences when baseline was compared to 36months (P = 0.025) and when 18months was compared to 36months (P = 0.046). Micro-repair of RBC restorations resulted in clinical deterioration of marginal adaptation and marginal staining. Nano-filled flowable resin composites were sealed on defective restorations; 3 and 4 FDI marginal defects have better clinical performance to prevent secondary caries than resin-based sealants after 36months. Micro-repair with RBS does not seem to be an effective treatment to prevent secondary caries.

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT PIT AND FISSURE SEALANTS ON STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS COUNT IN SALIVA OF CHILDREN: AN IN-VIVO STUDY

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of different pit and fissure sealants,namely ClinPro Sealant(3M ESPE) and Helioseal-F (Ivoclar Vivadent) on the Streptococcus mutans count in the saliva of children. Fourty (40) caries free childrenintheagegroupof6-12yearswitheruptedpermanentmolarswereselectedandfollowingcompleteoralprophylaxis the materials were applied according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Saliva samples were collected prior to application, immediately after application, one month after application, three months after application and six months after application. ThesesampleswereculturedonMitis salivariusplatesandcolonycountsofStreptococcusmutanswererecorded.Reductionin Streptococcusmutans countover theperiodof studywasobservedinallthecases andtheeffectivenessofthesepit andfissure sealantswerecomparable.Boththepit andfissuresealants -ClinProSealant(3MESPE) andHelioseal-F(IvoclarVivadent)- are equallyeffectiveinreducingthesalivaryStreptococcusmutansinchildrenandpreventingthecaries.

Hypersensitivity relief of MIH-affected molars using two sealing techniques: a 12-week follow-up

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the efficacy in reducing hypersensitivity in molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH)-affected molars immediately and over 12 weeks after sealing using two different materials (composite and glass ionomer). Furthermore, the retention rates of both materials were analyzed.MethodsThirty-nine children with two MIH-affected molars showing hypersensitivity and non-occlusal breakdowns were included. Hypersensitivity was assessed with an evaporative (air) stimulus. Both teeth were sealed by two calibrated operators using a split-mouth design with either Clinpro Sealant in combination with Scotchbond Universal (C) or Ketac Universal (K), respectively. Clinical pain assessments (Schiff Score Air Sensitivity Scale [SCASS], Visual Analog Scale [VAS]) were made at baseline (“pre”), immediately after treatment (“post”), and after 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Paired t tests were calculated in each group between baseline and all other time points.ResultsThirty-eight children with 76 molars completed all stages of the study. Regardless of the material used, the application of the sealant decreased hypersensitivity significantly immediately as well as throughout the 12-week recalls (all p values < 0.001). We found no statistically significant difference among both materials chosen in any of the time points evaluated. Furthermore, retention of both materials was comparable in both groups.ConclusionsBoth sealant materials were able to reduce hypersensitivity successfully immediately and throughout the 12-week follow-up. Furthermore, their performance was similar in terms of retention.Clinical relevanceHypersensitivity can be a major complaint in patients with MIH. This is the first study evaluating hypersensitivity relief of MIH-affected molars using two sealing techniques.

Changes in oral health-related quality of life after treatment of hypersensitive molar incisor hypomineralization\u2013affected molars with a sealing

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the changes in oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) before and after treatment of hypersensitive molars affected by molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) with a sealing.MethodsThirty-eight children with two MIH-affected molars showing hypersensitivity and non-occlusal breakdowns were included. Hypersensitivity was assessed with an evaporative (air) stimulus. Two affected teeth were sealed by two calibrated operators using a split-mouth design: Clinpro Sealant in combination with Scotchbond Universal, and Ketac Universal (3M), respectively. OHRQoL was measured using the German version of the CPQ8–10 (CPQ-G8–10) at baseline, and after 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, respectively.ResultsThe CPQ total score decreased significantly from a mean of 14.7 (±5.9) to 6.4 (±4.7) (p < 0.001) 1 week after treatment revealing improved OHRQoL. After 12 weeks, OHRQoL improved again proven by a decreased mean score of 2.7 (±3.2).ConclusionsSealing of hypersensitive MIH-affected molars revealed a significant improvement of OHRQoL immediately and throughout the 12-week follow-up.Clinical relevanceHypersensitivity can be a major complaint in patients with MIH. This is the first study evaluating the effect of sealing on OHRQoL in affected patients.

Risk assessment of predicted serum concentrations of bisphenol A in children and adults following treatment with dental composite restoratives, dental sealants, or orthodontic adhesives using physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical used to manufacture bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA). BisGMA has been used for decades in dental composite restoratives, sealants, and adhesives. Based on published studies, exposure to low concentrations of BPA are possible from dental and orthodontic devices. The serum BPA concentrations arising from such devices and oral doses were predicted using a PBPK model in children and adult females based on 1) published extraction data for cured and uncured 3M ESPE Filtek Supreme Ultra Flowable, 3M ESPE Filtek Bulk Fill Restorative, and 3M ESPE Clinpro Sealant and 2) published 20% ethanol/water and water rinsate data following orthodontic application with 3M ESPE Transbond MIP Primer and 3M ESPE Transbond XT Adhesive. Predicted oral exposure to BPA arising from these dental and orthodontic devices is low (median <10 ng/treatment) and predicted serum BPA concentrations were also low (<10−4 nM). Even the maximum predicted exposure in this study (533.2 ng/treatment) yields a margin of exposure of 7.5 relative to the EFSA t-TDI (4 μg/kg-day) and is only 2.8% of the daily BPA exposure for the US population in a 58-kg woman (15,660 ng/day). Therefore, the exposure to BPA arising from the 3M ESPE dental and orthodontic devices evaluated in this study is negligible relative to daily BPA exposure in the general population and these potential BPA sources do not constitute a risk to patients.

Fluoride Release of Giomer and Resin Based Fissure Sealants

Fissure sealants are applied to teeth to prevent caries development. The presence of the fissure sealant creates a protective barrier, which prevents plaque accumulation to the pits and fissure. They have a significant role in preventing pit and fissure caries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the time-dependent fluoride ion release of giomer- and resin-based fissure sealants. Fissure sealants were divided into 4 groups: BeautiSealant (Shofu, Japan), Clinpro Sealant (3M ESPE, USA), Helioseal F (Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein), Fissurit F (Voco, Germany). Disk shaped samples were prepared for each sealant material tested, and they were transferred into polyethylene vials containing 5 ml of deionized water. Fluoride ion diffusion was determined on days 1,2,3,7,14,21, and 28 (n=7). The fluoride concentration in these samples was analyzed using a pre-calibrated spectrophotometer in parts per million (ppm). These experiments were performed in triplicates at room temperature. ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD test were used for statistical analysis. BeautiSealant was released the highest amount of fluoride on day 1 (5.33 ppm), followed by a sudden decrease on the day 2 (2.17ppm). The burst effect was observed only in this group. Clinpro Sealant, Fissurit F and HelioSeal F groups presented fluoride release of 2.69, 2.94 and 2.91 ppm on the first day, respectively, without a significant difference (p &gt; 0.05). After the first week, a constant fluoride release level has been reached. The fluoride release for the three resin-based fissure sealants was slightly lower than that for the giomer-based. After the first week, materials exhibited no significant difference and reached a plateau. The usage of a high and prolonged fluoride-releasing fissure sealant material should be considered by clinicians, particularly in patients with caries risk.

LABORATORY EVALUATION OF A SELF-ADHERING FLOWABLE COMPOSITE RESIN AS A PIT AND FISSURE SEALANT

INTRODUCTION: The success of pit and fissure sealant is highly dependent on obtaining and maintaining an intimate adaptation to the tooth surface. Self-adherable flowable composite (Vertise Flow) represents a new generation of dental materials that combines the properties of flowable composites and self-adhesives. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the Vertise Flow (VF) in term of shear bond strength and sealing ability to enamel of pit and fissure in comparison to conventional sealant with self-adhesive (Clinpro sealant/ Adper Prompt L pop) MATERIAL AND METHODS: Sixty extracted sound premolars were selected. These were randomly divided into two groups according to the material used. Group I for Veritse Flow and Group II for Clinpro Sealant. Each group was further divided equally into two sub groups (n=15). GroupI was divided into Ia and Ib to test shear bond strength and microleakage respectively. Group II was divided into IIa and IIb to test shear bond strength and microleakage respectively. Shear bond strength test: Group Ia buccal surface was treated with phosphoric acid and VF. Group IIa was treated with Clinpro sealant and Adper Prompt L Pop. Shear bond strength was measured using universal testing machine. Mode of failure of each specimen was determined using stereomicroscope. Microleakage test: Group Ib, teeth pit and fissures were acid etched and sealed with VF. Group IIb, Adper Prompt L Pop was applied and teeth were sealed with Clinpro sealant. Teeth were thermocycled, stained, sectioned and examined under stereomicroscope. Data were collected, tabulated and statistically analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test (p<0.05). RESULTS: Group I (VF) showed significantly higher shear bond strength and lower microleakage score than Group II (Clinpro sealant/PLP) (p<0.05). adhesive mode of failure was the predominant mode in group IIa with statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Vertise Flow shows encouraging results to be used as a pit and fissure sealant

Effects of different resin sealing therapies on nanoleakage within artificial non-cavitated enamel lesions.

The aim of this study was to evaluate nanoleakage within the different lesion-sealing therapies applied to artificial non-cavitated enamel lesions. Thirty-two human anterior teeth were used. Artificial subsurface enamel lesions were produced on the labial surfaces of teeth. The specimens were then randomly divided into three groups (n=10): Group I- Clinpro Sealant application; Group II- ExciTE F adhesive resin application; and Group III- ICON resin infiltrant application. Each group was further divided into two subgroups: control and thermocycler. Nanoleakage was calculated by the digital image analysis software. In the control and thermocycled groups, there was no statistically significant difference between the Groups I, II, and III (p>0.05). The only significant leakage scores were obtained between the Group III control and thermocycler groups (p=0.027). ICON infiltrant can be used as an alternative to dental adhesives and fissure sealants in the sealing of initial non-cavitated enamel lesions. But the resin may become more affected by the water sorption than other resin materials over time. More studies are needed to evaluate long-term durability of resin infiltrants.

Clinical Follow-up of a Fissure Sealant Placed Using Different Adhesive Protocols: A 24-month Split-mouth Study

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the retention rates of a fissure sealant placed using different adhesive protocols over 24 months. Twenty-four subjects with no restorations or caries received fissure sealants (Clinpro Sealant, 3M ESPE) placed using different adhesive protocols. A total of 292 sealants were placed as follows by two previously calibrated dentists using a table of random numbers (n=73): group I, acid-etch/without adhesive; group II, with a self-etch adhesive (Adper Easy Bond, 3M ESPE); group III, with an etch-and-rinse adhesive (Adper Single Bond 2, 3M ESPE); group IV, with acid + self-etch adhesive (Adper Easy Bond). Two other calibrated examiners independently evaluated the sealants at baseline and at six-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month recalls. Each sealant was evaluated in terms of caries formation being present or absent and retention using the following criteria: 1 = total retention, 2 = partial loss, and 3 = total loss. Pearson's χ2 test was used to evaluate differences in retention rates among the sealants for each evaluation period. At the end of 24 months, total retention rates were 57.5%, 27.4%, 84.9%, and 76.7% in the acid-etch, self-etch adhesive, etch-and-rinse adhesive, and acid + self-etch adhesive groups, respectively. Although there were no statistically significant differences between the retention rates among the adhesive protocols at 6 months ( p=0.684), significant differences were observed at the 12-, 18-, and 24-month evaluations. At 24 months, the lowest retention rates were observed in the self-etch group ( p<0.05). No caries development was observed in any of the groups. The retention rate of sealants placed using self-etch adhesive was poor compared with the other groups.

A comparison of microleakage in self-etch fissure sealants and conventional fissure sealants with total-etch or self-etch adhesive systems.

Objective:The present study was conducted to compare microleakage in self-etching fissure sealants and conventional fissure sealants with total-etch or self-etch adhesive systems.Settings and Design:This experimental in vitro study was conducted on 60 healthy third molars extracted from humans. The first group received Acid etch + Clinpro sealant, the second group received Acid etch + Single bond 2 + Clinpro sealant, the third group received Single bond universal (self-etching bonding) + Clinpro sealant, and the fourth group received prevent seal self-etching sealant.Materials and Methods:An incision was made on the teeth after they were immersed in methylene blue 5%. The samples were then examined under a stereomicroscope and the dye penetration rate was measured based on the Williams and Winter criteria.Statistical Analysis Used:The Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests were used for data analysis in SPSS-18 (P < 0.05).Results:Group 1 which was treated with the conventional technique (acid + fissure sealant) had the highest rate of microleakage compared to Groups 2 and 3 (P < 0.001).Conclusion:The results showed that the use of bonding results in a significant reduction in the microleakage of fissure sealants. The microleakage caused when using self-etch fissure sealant was not different from that caused by the use of the conventional method.

Approximal sealings on lesions in neighbouring teeth requiring operative treatment: an in vitro study

Objectives: With this in vitro study we aimed to assess the possibility of precise application of sealant on accessible artificial white spot lesions (WSL) on approximal surfaces next to a tooth surface under operative treatment. A secondary aim was to evaluate whether the use of magnifying glasses improved the application precision.Material and methods: Fifty-six extracted premolars were selected, approximal WSL lesions were created with 15% HCl gel and standardized photographs were taken. The premolars were mounted in plaster-models in contact with a neighbouring molar with Class II/I–II restoration (Sample 1) or approximal, cavitated dentin lesion (Sample 2). The restorations or the lesion were removed, and Clinpro Sealant was placed over the WSL. Magnifying glasses were used when sealing half the study material. The sealed premolar was removed from the plaster-model and photographed. Adobe Photoshop was used to measure the size of WSL and sealed area. The degree of match between the areas was determined in Photoshop.Results: Interclass agreement for WSL, sealed, and matched areas were found as excellent (κ = 0.98–0.99). The sealant covered 48–100% of the WSL-area (median = 93%) in Sample 1 and 68–100% of the WSL-area (median = 95%) in Sample 2. No statistical differences were observed concerning uncovered proportions of the WSL-area between groups with and without using magnifying glasses (p values ≥ .19). However, overextended sealed areas were more pronounced when magnification was used (p = .01). The precision did not differ between the samples (p = .31).Conclusions: It was possible to seal accessible approximal lesions with high precision. Use of magnifying glasses did not improve the precision.

Dynamic thermo-mechanical properties of various flowable resin composites.

BackgroundThis study compared the storage modulus (E’), the loss modulus (E’’) and the loss tangent (tan δ) of various flowable resin composites.Material and MethodsGrandio Flow (GRF), GrandioSo Heavy Flow (GHF), Filtek Supreme XTE (XTE) and Filtek Bulk Fill (BUL) flowable resins and Clinpro Sealant (CLI) ultra-flowable pit and fissure sealant resin were used. 25 samples were tested using a dynamical mechanical thermal analysis system in bending mode. Measurements were taken within a temperature range of 10 to 55°C. The results were statistically analyzed using mixed-effect and repeated-measure analysis of variance followed by paired multiple comparisons.ResultsFor all the materials, the E’ values decrease with temperature, whereas the tan δ values increase. Irrespective of the temperature, GHF and GRF present E’ and E’’ values significantly higher than all the other materials and CLI presents values significantly lower than all the other materials. Observation of the values for all the materials reveals a linear progression of the tan δ values with temperature.ConclusionsA variation in temperature within a physiological range generates modifications in mechanical properties without damaging the material, however. Filler content in volume terms appears to be the crucial parameter in the mechanical behavior of tested materials. Key words:Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, elastic modulus, filler content, flowable resin composites, loss modulus, loss tangent.

Comparative Evaluation of the Marginal Sealing Ability of two Commercially Available Pit and Fissure Sealants.

The occlusal surfaces of the teeth usually have pits and fissures which provide a good environment for demineralization with minimal salivary access and make them caries prone. The success of pit and fissure sealing materials is highly dependent on the marginal sealing ability of the fissures. The present study was carried out to evaluate and compare the marginal sealing ability of two commercially available pit and fissure sealants. A total of 50 human premolar teeth were used in this invitro study. Group 1 included 25 teeth for application of Clinpro sealant and Group 2 included twenty 25 for application of Helioseal F sealant. Samples were stored in artificial saliva for 72 hours before thermocycling. The samples were immersed in 2% methylene blue solution for 24 hours. The sectioned samples were examined under an Optical Stereomicroscope and compared in terms of the extent of microleakage based on the amount of dye penetration between the sealant and tooth substance interface. The dye penetration scores in both the groups was statistically analysed using Chi square test and Mann Whitney Test. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. It was seen that in Group 1, 12 samples (48%) had no dye penetration (Grade 0) while in Group 2, 6 samples (24%) demonstrated Grade 0 penetration. Group 2 had the most extensive dye penetration (Grade 3) in 8 of 25 samples (32%) (p=0.014). On comparison of the microleakage scores of the groups, a statistically significant difference was found between the two groups; indicating a much better performance of Clinpro as compared to Helioseal F.