Clinical Profile Of Patients Research Articles

Demographic and clinical profile of patients undergoing colonoscopy at a tertiary care center in Nepal: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

Colonoscopy is widely used as a tool for diagnosis, screening and treatment of various pathologies in the rectum, colon, and terminal ileum. The aim of this study is to evaluate the demographic, clinical, and histological parameters of the records of patients undergoing colonoscopy at a tertiary care hospital in Nepal. This retrospective cross-sectional study included the hospital records of all patients who underwent colonoscopy from 2015 to 2019 in a tertiary care centre in Nepal. A total of 1255 records were included in the study. The mean and standard deviation of age were 43.8 and 19 years, respectively. Among the total study population, 61.9% were males and 38.1% were females. Common indications for colonoscopy included lower gastrointestinal bleeding (27.7%), altered bowel habit (26.9%) and persistent or recurrent abdominal pain (17.3%). Only 3% of the patients who underwent colonoscopy had inadequate bowel preparation. The overall diagnostic yield of colonoscopy was 57.5%. Findings during colonoscopy included colorectal polyp (19.4%), internal haemorrhoids (8.2%) and colitis (6.5%). Having an age of 50 or more years was significantly associated with the presence of colorectal adenocarcinoma (P=0.017, χ2 test) with an odds ratio of 2.35 (95% CI: 1.14, 4.89). Furthermore, having a female sex was found to be significantly associated with the presence of colorectal adenocarcinoma (P=0.012, χ2 test) with an odds ratio of 2.43 (95% CI: 1.19, 4.97). In the authors' study, a smaller proportion of the colonoscopies was aimed at screening for colorectal carcinoma (CRC), when compared to studies in developed countries. The sex predisposition of CRC in the authors' study is in contrast to the global trend. The authors recommend conducting studies to determine the risk factors and need for CRC screening in the Nepalese population.

Investigations of an individual with a Marfanoid habitus, mild intellectual disability, and severe social anxiety identifies PCDHGA5 as a candidate neurodevelopmental disorder gene.

Marfanoid habitus and intellectual disability (MHID) co-occur in multiple neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). Among those, Lujan-Fryns, an X-linked genetic disorder associated with variants in MED12 was the first such syndrome identified. Accurate molecular diagnosis for these MHID syndromes remains a challenge due to significant clinical and genetic heterogeneity. We present a case report of a 20-year-old male patient with MHID and severe social anxiety. A comprehensive clinical evaluation, including morphotype assessment, cognitive, and psychometric and genetic testing, was conducted to provide a detailed understanding of the patient's complex clinical presentation. Psychometric assessments revealed severe social anxiety and various cognitive and emotional challenges. Despite some autism-like symptoms, the patient's clinical presentation was more aligned with mild intellectual disability. Exome sequencing was inconclusive but identified a heterozygous de novo missense variant in the PCDHGA5 gene. This gene is not known in human pathology yet, but we also report a second patient with a syndromic neurodevelopmental disorder and a rare de novo variant which leads us to propose this as a candidate gene. Our findings emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary approach in the diagnosis and management of MHID. This case report underscores the need for objective clinical evaluations and standardized tools to better understand the complex clinical profiles of patients with NDDs. The identification of novel PCDHGA5 gene variants adds this gene's candidacy to the genetic landscape of MHID-NDD, warranting further investigation to determine its potential contribution.

Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Gullain-Barre Syndrome with or without Respiratory Failure

Objectives: To determine the demographic and clinical profile of patients with Gullain-Barre syndrome (GBS) and evaluate their association with in-hospital mortality and functional outcomes of the patients.
 Methodology: This Prospective Observational v study was conducted at Polyclinic Hospital, Islamabad from January 2019 to June 2023 after ethical approval. A total of 37 patients with GBS syndrome admitted in intensive care unit (ICU) were included using a nonprobability convenient sampling technique. Informed written consent was obtained from all the patients. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were noted. The GBS Disability score of each patient was recorded at presentation, 2 weeks, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months follow-up. The patient outcomes assessed were in-hospital mortality and functional status. The association of patient outcomes was seen with various demographic and clinical variables. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25.
 Results: Out of 37 GBS patients, 7(18.9%) patients died. Among the remaining 30 patients, 7(18.9%) patients were able to run, 10(27%) patients were able to walk unaided and 13(35.1%) patients were able to walk with support. Longer length of hospital stay, mechanical ventilation and higher GBS disability score at presentation were related to poor outcomes.
 Conclusion: In-hospital mortality occurred 18.9% of the patients and 35.14% of the patients had poor functional outcomes. Longer length of hospital stay, mechanical ventilation and higher GBS disability score at presentation were the predictors of poor outcomes.
 Keywords: Guillain-Barre syndrome; GBS; GBS Disability score

Retrospective Analysis of Clinico-Epidemiological Profile of COVID 19 Associated Mucormycosis Patients: A Single Centre Experience in Southern Haryana

Background: A number of factors were supposed to be involved in very high rate of mucormycosis infectionin COVID 19 patients like the reduced immunity because of COVID infection itself along with use of steroids,administration of supplemental oxygen, worsening glycemic control. This retrospective study has been undertaken to analyse the clinical and demographic profile of patients and various other factors that were involved in development of mucormycosis.Material and Methods: This was retrospective observational study in which all patients admitted were eithersuspected but came out to be negative or which were culture or histopathological proven mucormycosis cases.The data was analysed for demographic as well as clinical profile of the patients and various risk factors involved.Results: Total 52 patients were included in the study. All of these were rhinoorbitocerebral mucormycosis patients.The mean age of mucor positive patients was 47.3 years with male to female ratio as 5:1. The comparison of risk factors among mucor positive and mucor negative patients showed that out of 30 mucor positive patients there were 18 (60%) patients with confirmed report of COVID 19 infection, 22 (73.3%) diabetic patients, 17 (56.7%)patients with recent history of steroid treatment and 11 (36.7%) patients with history of recent oxygen therapy.Conclusion: In this study there was no statistically significant association between specific risk factors and mucorpositivity, emphasizing the multifactorial nature of mucormycosis. Further research is necessary to evaluate the complex relationship between COVID-19 infection and other factors in the development of mucormycosis.

An Observational Study on Clinical Profile and Outcome of Japanese Encephalitis Patients Admitted in the Department of Medicine of a Tertiary Care Hospital of North Bank of Assam, India

Background: A significant public health issue in India is Japanese encephalitis (JE), which has a high fatality rate and causes residual neurological damage in survivors. The goal of the current study was to examine JE positive among patients who had been admitted with acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) and to analyse the differences in clinical profile, disease severity, neurological consequences, and mortality rate in Tezpur Medical College and Hospital. Methods: This study is a retrospective observational study in a patients who were diagnosed as Japanese encephalitis on the basis of JEV-specific IgM antibodies in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. The study included 32 Japanese Encephalitis positive patients admitted in Tezpur Medical College and Hospital (who met the clinical case definition of AES) and thus, their clinical profile and outcome were analysed. Result: A total 32 JE cases were enrolled in the study diagnosed with CSF and Serum IgM ELISA antibody test. All of them were Serum IgM ELISA antibody positive, 9(28%) cases were both Serum and CSF IgM antibody positive. Most common age group affected was 12-20 years(31%). 59.37% cases recovered completely, 21.87% had neurological sequelae at the time of discharge and 18.75% died at ward. Conclusion: Japanese Encephalitis is one of the leading cause of AES in India. In our study it has been seen that GCS score on presentation and CSF cell counts has positive association with mortality and disease sequale. Adequate care and treatment should be provided in order to avoid subsequent complications/sequale. Proper vaccination and vector control can prevent or mitigate this disease.

Genetic and pathological features encipher the phenotypic heterogeneity of Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease

ObjectivesTo elucidate and compare the genetic, clinical, ancillary diagnostic, and pathological characteristics across different Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease (GSS) phenotypes and explore the underlying causes of the phenotypic heterogeneities. MethodsThe genetic, clinical, ancillary diagnostic, and pathological profiles of GSS patients reported in the literature were obtained and analyzed. Additionally, 3 patients with genetically confirmed GSS from our unit were included. Based on clinical presentation, patients were classified into typical GSS, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)-like GSS, GSS with dementia, and other categories. ResultsA total of 329 GSS cases were included with a 1.13:1 female-to-male ratio, median onset age 44, and median duration 4 years. Of the 294 categorized patients, 50.7% had typical GSS, 24.8% showed CJD-like GSS, and 16.3% presented with GSS with dementia. Clinical classification varied significantly based on genotype, with P102L more common in typical GSS and A117V prevalent in CJD-like GSS. Polymorphism at codon 129 has no effect on GSS phenotype, but the 129 M allele acts as a protective factor in GSS patients in Asia and North America. Moderate to severe spongiform degeneration and the presence of PK-resistant small fragments migrating at <11 kDa on electrophoretic gels along with PrP27–30 fragments were more prevalent in CJD-like GSS phenotype, while hyperphosphorylated tau protein co-deposition tends to be characteristic of typical GSS and GSS with dementia. ConclusionThis study reveals GSS's intricate nature, showing significant variations in clinical presentations, diagnostic findings, and pathological features. Mutation sites and pathological changes play crucial roles in determining the GSS clinical heterogeneity.

To Study the Clinical Profile of Patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease in a Tertiary Care Centre in Rural Western Maharashtra

To Study the Clinical Profile of Patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease in a Tertiary Care Centre in Rural Western Maharashtra

The importance of monitoring viral activity and viral load of SARS-CoV-2

The COVID-19 pandemic has made it possible to study many aspects of the laboratory diagnosis of this infection, including the assessment of the viral load and viral activity of SARS-CoV-2. The review presents data on modern views on the virological characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, however, many aspects of this problem remain debatable. The issues of the relationship between the level of viral load and the clinical profile of patients are proposed for discussion, and the possibility of using the obtained data in practical healthcare is discussed. The control of viral load in patients with COVID-19 has not only a certain clinical significance, but is also undoubtedly important in the epidemiological aspect. Monitoring of a number of SARS-CoV-2 parameters. will allow to solve practical problems in the context of the ongoing pandemic.

Clinico-radiological factors associated with aphasia outcome in post stroke patients: A prospective follow up study from eastern part of India

BackgroundAphasia is a language disorder acquired secondary to brain damage. This study aims to evaluate clinical and radiological profile of patients with post stroke aphasia and factors affecting its recovery. MethodsWe conducted a prospective study of patients with first left Middle or Anterior Cerebral Artery infarct or Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) with aphasia admitted within 14 days of stroke onset. Aphasia Quotient (AQ) was assessed at 2 weeks (AQ1) and 3 months (AQ2) using Western Aphasia Battery-Hindi version. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of brain with Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) of bilateral Arcuate Fasciculus (AF) and Corticospinal Tract was done at admission, and stroke volume, Laterality Indices of Fractional Anisotropy (LI-FA), Mean Diffusivity (LI-MD), Radial Diffusivity (LI-RD), Axial Diffusivity (LI-AD) and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (LI-ADC) were obtained. Results36 patients [8 ICH and 28 Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS)] were included. AQ1 and AQ2 were significantly higher in subcortical stroke than cortical. AQ2 and increase in AQ scores (including its subscores) were significantly higher in ICH than AIS. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at admission and volume of stroke had significant negative correlation with AQ1 and AQ2. Laterality Index of Fractional Anisotropy of Arcuate Fasciculus [LI-FA (AF)] had significant positive correlation with AQ2 and naming score at 3 months. Laterality Index of Mean Diffusivity of Arcuate Fasciculus [LI-MD (AF)] had significant negative correlation with AQ1, AQ2 and all subcomponents of AQ2. Significant positive correlation was seen between improvements in Modified Rankin Scale score and AQ. ConclusionThe study shows that DTI can be used to predict severity of aphasia at follow up and recovery in language and motor functions occur in parallel

The Evolution of Anorexia Nervosa in Singapore: A 30-year Demographic Analysis

IntroductionNew prevalence and time trend data from various Asian countries show that Eating Disorders (ED) are increasingly common in Asia. (Youl-Ri Kim. Int J Eat Disord. Dec 2020). A recent study estimating the prevalence of ED in Singapore found an alarming 6.2% screened positive for a clinical ED diagnosis, 19.5% were screened to be at high risk, and estimated the point prevalence of Anorexia Nervosa (AN) to be 0.9%. (Chua SN et al. Int J Eat Disord. Jan 2021). The ED unit in Singapore General Hospital (SGH) was set up in 2003 as a National Treatment Programme for patients with ED. Two local studies have been published to date on the demographics and clinical profile of patients with AN. The first study examined 126 patients from 1994 – 2002 (HY Lee et al. Singapore Med J 2005; 46(6): 275-281). The second study reported on 271 cases from our SGH ED unit from 2003-2010 (Kuek et al. SIngapore Med J 2015; 56(6): 324-328). There have been no further studies in the last decade.Objectives1.Study the demographics and clinical profile of patients who presented with AN to our ED unit from 2011-20222.Compare our data with the 2 previous studies and examine for any changes and trends in the past 30 years.MethodsWe conducted a review of the ED unit new case registry at SGH from 2011-2022. A total of 910 patients were diagnosed with AN at presentation. The data was analysed with approval from the hospital instituitional review board.ResultsA total of 910 cases presented with AN over 12 years. Comparing with the 2 previous studies, the number of new cases each year has continued to increase from &lt;15 in the 1990s to hit a peak of 109 per year in 2022. 94% were females, with a mean presenting age of 19. 79.2% were Chinese, 5.2% were Indians and 2.9% were of Malay ethnicity. The Malay population continue to be under-represented whereas other ethnic groups continue to be over-represented, increasing from 3.2% to 7% in the previous studies to 11.1%. Referrals were mainly from tertiary healthcare intuitions accounting for 41.4% of cases. Self-referrals have decreased over the last decade whereas referrals from primary care has increased. The mean presenting body mass index (BMI) was 15.9. Compared to a previous study, there was a significant increase in presenting BMI (15.9+/- 0.78 vs 14.4 +/- 1.77, p value 0.0074).ConclusionsThe number of new cases of AN has seen an almost 10-fold increase in the last 30years. The Malay ethnicity continues to be under-represented – more research is needed if they are somehow culturally protected or if they are not coming forth for treatment. Majority of referrals are from tertiary healthcare institutions but referrals from primary care have increased, reflecting a possible increase in awareness amongst primary care doctors. The mean presenting BMI has increased – hopefully reflecting an increase in ED awareness such that patients are coming forward earlier for treatment.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

[Translated article] Epidemiological, Clinical, and Allergic Profile of Psoriatic Patients. Evaluation of the Spanish Registry of Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy (REIDAC)

BackgroundPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory dermatosis whose clinical and topographic distribution requires differential diagnosis, or the possible association with allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), requiring patch testing (PT) as part of the diagnostic procedure. ObjectivesTo describe the epidemiological, clinical, and allergic profile of patients with a primary or secondary diagnosis of psoriasis undergoing PT and compare them with patients with a diagnosis of ACD at the end of the diagnostic process. MethodsCross-sectional study with data from REIDAC from 2018 through 2023 of selected patients with a diagnosis of psoriasis and/or ACD. ResultsA total of 11 502 patients were included, 513 of whom had been diagnosed with primary or secondary psoriasis, 3640 with ACD, and 108 with both diseases. Men were more predominant in the groups of patients with psoriasis, psoriasis+ACD, and lesions were more predominantly seen in the hands with little association with atopic factors vs the ACD group. The rate of positivity in PT to the 2022 Spanish battery of allergens was lower in the group with psoriasis only in 27% of the patients. The most common allergens found in the psoriasis group were also the most common ones found in the overall ACD population. ConclusionsOverall, 36.2% of psoriatic patients tested positive in PT to the 2022 Spanish battery of allergens, which proved that this association is not uncommon. Overall, psoriatic patients had a higher mean age, were more predominantly men, and showed more hand involvement.

Clinical profile of esotropia patients in a tertiary care center with application of the CEMAS classification

Abstract Aims: This studyaims to study the clinical profile of patients with esotropia (ET) in a tertiary care centre. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out on 94 patients with ET seen in the ophthalmology outpatient department of a tertiary care center from December 2018 to June 2020. Results: A female preponderance was noted with male:female ratio of 0.8:1. Although 79 patients (84.04%) had noticed the onset of ET in the first decade of life, only 50 (53.19%) of the patients presented to the ophthalmologist in the first decade of life. Family history of ET was present in only 7.44% of patients. Amblyopia was present in 31 (32.97%) patients. The most common refractive error seen was hypermetropia followed by hypermetropic astigmatism. Based on the Classification for Eye Movement Abnormalities and Strabismus (CEMAS), there were 36 (40.42%) patients with refractive accommodative ET, 15 (15.95%) of infantile ET, 13 (13.82%) patients had ET due to visual/neurological disease, 16 (15.95%) patients had cranial neuropathy and there was one child with neuromuscular cause – Duane’s retraction syndrome (Type 1). Conclusion: Most of the patients in the study sought consultation for the management of ET late in life though it was noticed in early childhood. Majority of the patients had refractive accommodative ET. These can be managed appropriately if diagnosed early. A significant number of patients had amblyopia as sequelae of untreated ET. Early diagnosis and appropriate management at the right time are very important in patients with ET to prevent the development of amblyopia and maintain binocularity.

IJCM_299A: Clinical profile of patients with dengue: a cross-sectional study from a tertiary care hospital, Karnataka

Background: Dengue fever (DF) are among the most important mosquito- borne diseases of the Indian subcontinent and have become a major global public health concern. Its clinical manifestations of which vary from influenza- like illness (DF) to life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)/dengue shock syndrome (DSS). The purpose of the study was to find out the mode of presentation, biochemical profile and complications of Dengue cases in an apical level. Objectives: 1. To identify socio-demographic characteristics and clinical features; 2. To document the disease specific management and outcomes Methodology: A cross-sectional study of admitted patients was conducted in the department of medicine and Infectious Diseases over a period of 9 months (15/2/2023 -15/11/2023). Patients aged above 18 years with serology proven (nonstructural protein 1 [NS1]/dengue immunoglobulin M [IgM]) DF were included in this study. Their Socio demographic Details, clinical and laboratory data was recorded and analyzed. Results: Preliminary Results: Out of 125 cases, - 89 (71.2 %) patients were males and 36 (28.8%) were females. - The most common presentations were fever (96%) followed by Nausea/vomiting (40%), Headache (35%) and myalgia (31%). - Dengue NS1 and IgM antibodies were positive in 87.3% and 88.12% of the patients, respectively. - the incidence of DF, DHF, and DSS was 87.2, 11.2, and 1.6% respectively. - Shock, bleeding, and elevated serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase levels predicted adverse outcome. Conclusion: DF can present with a spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from mild self-limiting illness to severe fatal disease. It can have varied and multi-systemic manifestations which can go unrecognized. Continuous seroepidemiological surveillance is essential to control outbreak and minimize morbidity and mortality.

Prevalence of suicidal behavior in bipolar type 1 patients

IntroductionThe prevalence of suicidal behavior in individuals diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder Type 1 is a topic of great concern within the field of psychiatry and mental health research. Bipolar Disorder Type 1 is characterized by extreme mood fluctuations that can contribute to a heightened risk of suicidal ideation, attempts, and completions in affected individuals.Objectives-To examine the socio-demographic and clinical profiles of Bipolar Type 1 patients admitted to the “C” psychiatry department at Hedi Chaker Hospital in Sfax, Tunisia.-To identify and understand the factors associated with suicidal behavior in this population. MethodsWe conducted a retrospective descriptive and analytic study of hospitalized patients suffering from bipolar disorder type 1 in the psychiatry department “C”, Hedi Chaker Hospital, Sfax Tunisia from 2021 to 2023. Socioeconomic data and clinical profiles of patients were collected from archived files.Results The total number of patients was 98, with an average age of 36.74 ± 12.3 years. The majority were single (67%), living with their families (76.5%), jobless (45.9%), and receiving family support (94.9%). In terms of psychoactive substance use, 81.6% have used tobacco, 46.9% have used alcohol, and 34.7% have used cannabis.Concerning family history, 55% of patients had at least one family member being treated for a mood disorder. Among them, 7.1% had attempted suicide, and 6.1% had died by suicide.Concerning the clinical profile of the study population, 28.6% had a personal somatic history. The diagnosis of bipolar disorder was made at the age of 27.52±8.6 years. 11.2% had a comorbid personality disorder with bipolar disorder.The majority of patients were on antipsychotics (95.9%), 84.7% were using mood stabilizers, 33.7% were prescribed anxiolytics, and only 4.1% were on antidepressants. Treatment compliance was poor in 61.2% of cases and 63.3% of patients had a poor insight.Ten percent of these patients had attempted suicide, 50% during a depressive episode, 50% occurring during a depressive episode, 30% during a manic episode, and 40% of attempts were related to discontinuation of treatment. 3.1% had used hanging, and 3.1% had engaged in voluntary drug ingestion as a method of self-harm. None of the suicide attempts necessitated intensive care hospitalization, but 60% of the individuals were admitted to psychiatric care. There was a statistically significant correlation between suicide attempts and a family history of suicide (p=0.049).ConclusionsBipolar patients face a heightened risk of suicide, which is closely tied to the distinctive attributes of the disorder, including biological factors, thymic decompensation, and psychological aspects. Consequently, managing their condition necessitates a tailored approach, demanding ongoing vigilance for individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Molecular and clinical profile of rare bleeding disorders: A single-center retrospective study

IntroductionDue to their low frequency, there is little information on the molecular pathologies of rare bleeding disorders (RBD). Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the molecular and clinical profiles of patients with RBD. MethodsA retrospective single-center study was conducted among patients with factor (F) II, FVII, FX, and FXIII deficiencies between March 20, 2000, and June 31, 2023. Data on patient demographics, genetic analysis, and laboratory results were documented for all patients. The disease severity was classified according to the clotting factor activity (except FXIII) as follows: >5%: mild, 1-5%: moderate, and <1%: severe. ResultsA total of 79 patients were enrolled in this study. Three of the cases had FII (3.7%), 40 had FVII (50.6%), 20 had FX (25.3%), and 16 had FXIII deficiency (20.2%). The median age of the patients at the time of diagnosis was six months for FII, 6.5 years for FVII, five months for FX, and 5.75 months for FXIII deficiencies, respectively. The major clinical manifestations were bruising, epistaxis, oral cavity bleeding, ecchymosis, and hemarthrosis. Consanguinity was present in 60 (76%) of patients. The majority of the patients had missense mutations. FVII mutations occurred primarily in exon 6, FX mutations affected mainly exons 2 and 7, and the majority of FXIII mutations occurred in exons 3 and 4. ConclusionThe diagnosis of the causative mutations in patients with RBD provides an insight into the underlying molecular basis of these disorders and probably explains their variable clinical manifestations.

Patterns of cancer at a tertiary cancer center in Kerala, India, based on 10-years of hospital-based cancer registry data: A retrospective observational study

ABSTRACT Background: The magnitude and pattern of cancer cases vary across different hospital-based cancer registries (HBCRs) in India. Currently, the clinical and epidemiological profiles of cancer cases are not available for the North Malabar region of Kerala, India. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the magnitude and pattern of cancer cases in the North Malabar region of Kerala, India. The secondary objective was to evaluate the trends of cancer cases based on 10-year HBCR data from a tertiary cancer center in the North Malabar region of Kerala, India. Materials and Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted on patients who were registered at the HBCR of Malabar Cancer Center in the northern region of Kerala. The demographic and clinical profile of patients with cancer who registered at the HBCR between January 2010 and December 2019 was obtained using a prescribed format developed by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data, and a line diagram was used to represent the trends of the five most common cancers in males and females. Results: Between 2010 and 2019, 38,836 patients were registered. Among them, 20,829 (53.6%) were males and 18,017 (46.4%) were females. Lung cancer was the most common cancer among males and breast cancer was the most common cancer among females. The median age at diagnosis of lung cancer was 64 years (interquartile range [IQR], 58-70). Similarly, the median age at diagnosis of breast cancer was 52 years (IQR, 44-60). Conclusion: The five most common sites of cancer among males were the lung, mouth, stomach, tongue, and larynx. In females, the most common cancers were breast, cervix uteri, ovary, mouth, and lung. During these ten years, the common cancers in both males and females showed an upward trend.

Pattern and clinical profile of patients with ocular trauma presenting to the emergency department of a teaching hospital in India: A prospective observational study.

One major contributor to avoidable ocular morbidity is ocular trauma (OT). The study aimed to document the epidemiological factors, pattern of injury, and outcome among patients with OT presenting to the emergency department (ED). This was a prospective observational study conducted in the ED of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Eastern India after due approval from the institutional ethics committee. The data were collected during the period from March 2021 to February 2022. Data pertaining to age, sex, type of injury, mechanism of injury, time and place of injury, details of tissue involvement, visual acuity, any prior history of injury, initial diagnosis, and management were noted. To estimate the severity of the injury and the probable visual outcome, we calculated through OT score (OTS), including one raw score and OTS. Statistical analysis was performed using the R, version 4.6.1. A total of 180 patient's data were included for final analysis. The median (interquartile range) age of the patients was 32 (24-45) years. The majority were males (n = 147 [81.6%]) with a male-female ratio of 4.5:1. Road traffic accidents (RTA) were the common cause of injury (n = 122 [67.7%]). Unilateral eye involvement was the most common (n = 147 [81.6%]). In the pattern of injury, most of the patients sustained closed globe injuries (CGIs) (n = 158 [87.7%]). Among the CGIs, injury to the ocular adnexa and conjunctiva (n = 141 and 127, respectively) was the most common. Injury to the retina and choroids occurred in 20 (11%) patients. The vision was not affected in most of the cases (n = 125 [69.4%]) with a visual acuity of > 6/18. The majority (n = 120 [67%]) of the patients had an OTS of grade-4, followed by grade-2 (n = 22 [12%]). Most of the patients required only medical management (n = 100 [56%]), whereas 77 (43%) patients required surgical interventions. OT was a common presentation in the ED. Male patients with monocular injuries involved in RTAs were mostly affected. The vision was preserved in most of the cases.

Assessment of Epidemiology and Clinical Profile of Psoriatic Arthritis Patients in India.

Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease associated with significant comorbidity. However, the characteristics of patients with psoriasis are not well documented in India, and a more detailed understanding is needed to delineate the epidemiologic profile at the regional level for better management of psoriasis. Herein, we reported the clinical profile and demographic pattern of psoriasis to further understand its burden in the Indian setting. We conducted a retrospective observational study of patients diagnosed with psoriasis who fulfilled the classification criteria for psoriatic arthritis (CASPAR) criteria. Patients were included from the rheumatology outpatient department of Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital and Medical Research Institute in Mumbai, India. The outcomes included demographic and clinical profiles, patterns of joint involvement, and comorbidities associated with psoriasis. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. We enrolled 60 patients, with a mean age of 50.87 years and a higher proportion of females (62%). The majority of patients with less than five joints had associated comorbidities (40 out of 60). Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) occurred in 41 patients [mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of onset-38.88 ± 13.24 years], with the highest occurrence in the 30-50 years (53.3%). The majority of patients with PsA developed it within 2 to ≥5 years of psoriasis occurrence. We did not find any significant correlation between the occurrence of PsA and comorbidities, as well as the duration of PsA and the number of joints (p = 0.152). Pitting and enthesitis were the most common morphological changes noted in almost half of the patients. Our study provides an overview of the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of psoriasis patients in India. These findings could be useful for early diagnosis of PsA and help clinicians in assessing the progression of psoriasis into PsA.

A 6-year Retrospective Study on the Clinical Profile and Outcomes of Postrenal Transplant Patients in the Emergency Department

Abstract Background: Kidney transplantation is widely recognized as the primary treatment for those with end-stage renal disease. Our goal was to provide an overview of the clinical characteristics of postrenal transplant patients (commercial vs. noncommercial) seeking care in the emergency department (ED). Methodology: The study was conducted at a leading Omani ED from 2015 to 2021; this study included all postrenal transplant patients. Various variables were categorized, coded, and analyzed. Results: A total of 55 postrenal transplant patients were included in our study. Of these, 60.0% were male (n = 33). Among the participants, 14.5% (n = 8) had undergone noncommercial renal transplants, whereas the remaining 85.5% (n = 47) had undergone commercial renal transplants. Among noncommercial postrenal transplant patients, the most common reasons for ED visits were fever (5), gastrointestinal symptoms (4), and cardiac symptoms (3). They also presented with pain at the surgical site (2) and urological symptoms such as dysuria and hematuria (2). In contrast, the most frequent clinical presentations among commercial postrenal transplant patients were cardiac symptoms (13) and pain at the surgical site (13), followed by fever (12). Noncommercial renal transplant patients had a high discharge rate of 62.5% (5) and a low admission rate of 37.5% (3). On the other hand, commercial renal transplant patients necessitated a high admission rate of 59.6% (28) and a low discharge rate of 40.4% (19). Conclusion: The majority of patients had received commercial kidney transplants, and the most common complaints upon their presentation to the ED were cardiac symptoms and pain at the surgical site. Patients undergoing commercial transplants had higher rates of admission.

An overview of the clinical profile of infertile patients who underwent hysterosalpingography

Background: Infertility is a prevalent medical issue that can arise from challenges in male or female or both partners. Pivotal contributing factors to female infertility include dysfunction, tubal issues, and peritoneal factors. Hysterosalpingography (HSG) holds significant importance in assessing abnormalities associated with the uterus and fallopian tubes. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to assess the clinical profile and hysterosalpingographic findings of women with infertility who visited the department of radiodiagnosis for HSG. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, where consecutive convenience-based sampling was used, with ethical clearance in place. Sixty-three infertile women of reproductive age were recruited for the study and were referred for HSG by the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Results: The majority of the participants had primary infertility (71.88%) and was in the 31–35-year age group with the majority having 3–6 years of infertility and endometriosis. On HSG uterine pathology was found in 9.37% of participants and unilateral and bilateral tubal blocks were seen in 18.75% and 14.06% of cases approximately. Conclusion: HSG is a minimally invasive procedure, secure, and plays a crucial role in diagnosing uterine and tubal factors contributing to infertility.