Clinical Profile Of COVID-19 Research Articles

Clinical profile of Covid-19 in children: Study from a Medical College Hospital in Mangalore, Karnataka, India

The Journal is the primary organ of Continuing Paediatric Medical Education in Sri Lanka. The journal also has a website. Free full text access is available for all readers.The Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health is now indexed in SciVerse Scopus (Source Record ID 19900193609), Index Medicus for South-East Asia Region (IMSEAR), CABI (Centre for Agriculture and Bioscience International Global Health Database), DOAJ and is available in Google, as well as Google Scholar.The policies of the journal are modelled on the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) Guidelines on Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing. Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health is recognised by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) as a publication following the ICMJE Recommendations.

Demographic and Clinical Profile of COVID-19 and Post-COVID Complications in Children at a Specialized COVID Hospital

Background: Clinical manifestations of children with COVID 19 differ widely from adult cases. They usually have milder disease. There are limited data on pediatric COVID patient from Bangladesh. This study was conducted to find out the demographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children and post-COVID complications in a specialized COVID hospital from south-east part of Bangladesh.
 Materials and methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Bangladesh Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases (BITID), Fouzderhat, Chattogram from April 2020 to September, 2020. Medical records of PCR-confirmed pediatric COVID- 19 cases were collected. Data regarding age, sex, residence, contact history, presenting features, hospitalization, comorbidities and post-COVID complication were noted. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS 20.0 version.
 Results: Out of total 2058 pediatric patients, 183 (8.9%) were PCR confirmed COVID- 19 cases. Male to female ratio was 1.3:1 and median age was 11 years (Age range 3 months to 17 years). 35% patients belonged to the age group 11 to 15 years. Family clustering was the main transmission route (81.3%) and parents were the most common source (77.8%). Most of the patients lived in the Chattogram metropolitan area (57.1%). Highest peak of infection were during the month of May and June. Many of them (38.9%) were asymptomatic. Among them 11-15 years age group were mostly asymptomatic (38.6%). Most common presentation was fever (85%) followed by cough (37.5%), runny nose (25%) and sore throat (19.3%). For 2-5 years age group, gastrointestinal symptoms were predominant (30%). Only 9 patients (6.3%) required hospitalization. The median time from onset to cure was 3 days (Ranging from 1 to 30 days). Total 8 patients (5.6%) developed post-covid complications. Those were extreme weakness (2.8%), anorexia (2.1%), chronic cough (1.4%), insomnia (0.7%) and headache (0.7%). 16-17 years patients mostly suffered from these complications. There was no mortality in this pool of pediatric patients.
 Conclusion: COVID 19 in pediatric patients is distinct from adults. There was slight male preponderance with 11-15 years age group being more susceptible. Most common source of infection were parents. Many patients had asymptomatic infection. Fever was the most common presenting feature followed by respiratory symptoms. Very few patients developed post-COVID complications which were mild and there was no mortality.
 Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.21 (1); January 2022; Page 61-65

Socio-demographic and Clinical Profile of Covid-19 in Children

Introduction: The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic disease. Infection by COVID-19 in children is not so common but gradually the numbers of children affected with COVID-19 are increasing day by day. The epidemiological importance and clinical pattern in children with COVID-19 is now a challenge to be described by the clinicians. Objectives: To describe socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 infected children. Material and Methods: This cross sectional observational study was conducted among 58 COVID-19 children who were admitted in COVID-19 dedicated Kurmitola General Hospital (KGH), Dhaka from March 2020 to July 2020. Their signs, symptoms, sex, age distribution, laboratory results and familial contact were analyzed. Results: Among 58 most of the children (63.8%) were in school going age (5-15years). The number of female (39) was more than male (19) and female-male ratio was 1:0.48. Most of the children (75.9%) came from urban lower middle socioeconomic group. About 84.4% children were affected from family member. Among all, (8.6%) patients had no symptoms. Main symptoms of the children were cough (36.2%), only fever (22.4%), fever with cough (8.62%) and diarrhoea (5.2%). About 12.06% of the children had additional symptoms including sore throat, nasal congestion, fatigue, headache, body ache, vomiting, abdominal pain, convulsion and rash, 6.9% had respiratory distress and one child came with convulsion. About 12.1% patients showed lymphopenia, 18.9% showed leucopenia, 13.8% patient had neutrophillia. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and serum ferritin were high in only 12.1% and 8.6% cases respectively. There were 29.3% patients who had normal Chest X-Ray and 58.6% had mild lesion, 8.6% had bilateral consolidation and 3.4% had patchy opacities. Conclusions: COVID-19 is not so common in children and usually presents with mild form or no sign symptoms clinically and by laboratory analysis. But it is noteworthy that they may play role in transmission of disease. JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 16, No 2 (December) 2020: 72-75

Clinical Profile of Covid-19 in Children: A single centre, retrospective study from Eastern India

Clinical Profile of Covid-19 in Children: A single centre, retrospective study from Eastern India

Temporal trends and forecasting of COVID-19 hospitalisations and deaths in Scotland using a national real-time patient-level data platform: a statistical modelling study

SummaryBackgroundAs the COVID-19 pandemic continues, national-level surveillance platforms with real-time individual person-level data are required to monitor and predict the epidemiological and clinical profile of COVID-19 and inform public health policy. We aimed to create a national dataset of patient-level data in Scotland to identify temporal trends and COVID-19 risk factors, and to develop a novel statistical prediction model to forecast COVID-19-related deaths and hospitalisations during the second wave.MethodsWe established a surveillance platform to monitor COVID-19 temporal trends using person-level primary care data (including age, sex, socioeconomic status, urban or rural residence, care home residence, and clinical risk factors) linked to data on SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR tests, hospitalisations, and deaths for all individuals resident in Scotland who were registered with a general practice on Feb 23, 2020. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the association between clinical risk groups and time to hospitalisation and death. A survival prediction model derived from data from March 1 to June 23, 2020, was created to forecast hospital admissions and deaths from October to December, 2020. We fitted a generalised additive spline model to daily SARS-CoV-2 cases over the previous 10 weeks and used this to create a 28-day forecast of the number of daily cases. The age and risk group pattern of cases in the previous 3 weeks was then used to select a stratified sample of individuals from our cohort who had not previously tested positive, with future cases in each group sampled from a multinomial distribution. We then used their patient characteristics (including age, sex, comorbidities, and socioeconomic status) to predict their probability of hospitalisation or death.FindingsOur cohort included 5 384 819 people, representing 98·6% of the entire estimated population residing in Scotland during 2020. Hospitalisation and death among those testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 between March 1 and June 23, 2020, were associated with several patient characteristics, including male sex (hospitalisation hazard ratio [HR] 1·47, 95% CI 1·38–1·57; death HR 1·62, 1·49–1·76) and various comorbidities, with the highest hospitalisation HR found for transplantation (4·53, 1·87–10·98) and the highest death HR for myoneural disease (2·33, 1·46–3·71). For those testing positive, there were decreasing temporal trends in hospitalisation and death rates. The proportion of positive tests among older age groups (>40 years) and those with at-risk comorbidities increased during October, 2020. On Nov 10, 2020, the projected number of hospitalisations for Dec 8, 2020 (28 days later) was 90 per day (95% prediction interval 55–125) and the projected number of deaths was 21 per day (12–29).InterpretationThe estimated incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection based on positive tests recorded in this unique data resource has provided forecasts of hospitalisation and death rates for the whole of Scotland. These findings were used by the Scottish Government to inform their response to reduce COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality.FundingMedical Research Council, National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment Programme, UK Research and Innovation Industrial Strategy Challenge Fund, Health Data Research UK, Scottish Government Director General Health and Social Care.

Epidemiological and Clinical Profile of COVID-19 in Nepali Children: An Initial Experience

Introduction: COVID-19 has spread all around the world with huge toll of human lives and suffering since it evolved in China. Nepal had slow rise in morbidity due to COVID 19 in early days but has been gripped by the pandemic's exponential growth lately. This study was conducted with the aim to describe the clinical and epidemiological features of Nepali children in early phase of the pandemic.
 Methods: This was an observational study conducted at 11 COVID care centres designated by the Government of Nepal with availability of supervision by paediatricians between January and August 2020 in children under 18 years of age diagnosed with COVID 19. Data was collected based on definitions outlined in data collection resources available at WHO-ISARIC Global COVID-19 clinical resources platform and analysed. 
 Results: One hundred and twenty one children diagnosed with COVID 19 who presented to the designated centres were enrolled. Majority of children (83.4%) were identified as a part of contact tracing, 28.1% had an identified contact to a person with COVID 19 prior to their diagnosis and 20.7% had another household member diagnosed with COVID 19. The mean age of admitted children was 8.8 years (SD 5.6 years) with the largest proportion being adolescents (40.5%). Male (58.7%) children were more commonly affected. There were 15 (12.4%) infants and 8 (6%) of them were under two months of age. Most children (87, 71.9%) were asymptomatic, 21 (22.3%) had mild symptoms and six (4.9%) had moderately severe symptoms. Fever (18.2%) was the most commonly reported symptom. All children were discharged after a median of 14 days of hospitalisation.
 Conclusions: Nepali children of all ages are affected by COVID 19 and present with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic infection. Fever and respiratory symptoms are the most commonly reported symptoms. Most children do not develop complications. Continued surveillance in larger population of children as the pandemic unfolds will generate more stringent observations.

Clinical Profile of COVID-19 in Children and Research Progress on Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2: A Mini-review.

The cases of coronavirusdisease 2019 in children have been increasing with the ongoing pandemic.The finding suggests children have mild symptoms and a short course of the disease. Angiotensinconverting enzyme-2 mediates entry of the virus into the cell, the combination of virus and ACE2 leads to an increase in activity of angiotensin II, resulting in acute injury to lungs, myocardium and other organs. The infection causes down-regulation of ACE2 expression. The ACE2 plays an important role in the infection progression and clinical characteristics of COVID-19. Works on ACE2 and virus spike protein have future prospects of strategic information on prevention, management as well as vaccine development. Keywords: children;Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19);SARS-Cov-2;angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2).

The epidemiological and clinical profile of COVID-19 in children: Moroccan experience of the Cheikh Khalifa University Center.

IntroductionCOVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a new coronavirus. The first cases were identified in Wuhan. It rapidly spread causing a pandemic worldwide. The incidence and severity of this disease are likely to be different in children compared with adults. Few publications of COVID-19 in children have been published. Our Moroccan paediatric series is among the first studies on this disease in Africa.MethodsWe included all children with COVID-19 who were admitted and treated at the hospital from March 25 to April 26, 2020. We have collected information, including demographic data, symptoms, imaging data, laboratory results, treatments and clinical progress from patients with COVID-19.ResultsSince the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus infection (2019-nCoV) in Morocco, a total of 145 COVID-19 confirmed cases have been reported in the Cheikh Khalifa’s Hospital. Among this cases, 15 children were registered. The median age of patients was 13 years. There were 7 boys and 8 girls. Five children are asymptomatic, 8 have mild symptoms and 2 have a moderate respiratory difficulty. The RT-PCR test results were positive in all patients. Radiologically, we found in 2 cases, multiple nodules with ground-glass opacities on the chest scan. The treatment was based on the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin. Evolution under treatment was good for all patients.ConclusionThis study describes the profile of COVID-19 in child in a Moroccan hospital and confirms that the severity of illness in children with COVID-19 to be far less than adults.

Hydroxychloroquine as pre-exposure prophylaxis against COVID-19 in health-care workers: A single-center experience

Background: Health-care workers (HCWs) are at high risk of acquiring COVID-19. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) possesses in vitro antiviral activity and inhibits viral replication of coronavirus in cell cultures. The national task force for COVID-19 in India recommended the use of HCQ prophylaxis against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in HCWs. Methodology: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in a mixed tertiary care facility to find the incidence and clinical profile of COVID-19 in HCWs between April 2020 and June 2020, who were advised preexposure prophylaxis with HCQ, at the start of the pandemic. Details of HCQ usage were collected using an online questionnaire form. The clinical profile, treatment, and outcome of COVID-19-positive HCWs were also studied. Results: We included 604 HCWs, of which 491 (81.2%) had taken adequate HCQ prophylaxis while 113 (18.7%) did not take adequate HCQ, 443 (73.3%) had high-risk COVID-19 exposure, and 32 HCWs (5.1% of the total) were COVID-19 positive. There were 10 COVID-19 cases (2.1%) among HCWs taking HCQ while 22 (19.4%) cases occurred in HCQ not compliant HCWs, with a relative risk of 0.1046 (95% confidence interval: 0.0510–0.2147, P