Clinical Hours Research Articles

Clinical placement education during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic shapes new nurses: A qualitative study

BackgroundMany newly qualified nurses experience transition challenges because they feel unprepared for the reality of the nursing profession owing to the theory-practice gap. Transition challenges amongst newly qualified nurses have profound consequences for the nursing profession and patient care. A detailed and nuanced understanding of the complexity in transition-related challenges during extraordinary conditions like the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is needed for newly qualified nurses to remain in the nursing profession. ObjectiveThis study explored the experience of newly qualified nurses entering the nursing profession who had their clinical placement education missed, shortened, or substituted since they had to serve as health care assistants during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. DesignAn exploratory and descriptive study design was used. SettingsWorkplaces for newly qualified nurses. ParticipantsA purposive sample of 10 newly qualified Norwegian nurses working in various clinical placement nursing settings were included. MethodsData were collected in April and May 2022 via individual interviews conducted via Zoom. Thematic analysis was applied to identify themes. Triangulation was employed to ensure trustworthiness. FindingsThree major themes emerged: relational aspects of nursing, practical aspects of nursing, and inadequacies in the pedagogical plan of teaching and learning. The themes indicate that the limited or suspended clinical placement education during the pandemic affected the competence of newly qualified nurses. ConclusionsDuring the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, clinical placement education for student nurses was limited or suspended owing to safety concerns. The short clinical placement durations affected the competence of newly qualified nurses, as they lacked exposure to real-world patient care scenarios as in non-pandemic times. Furthermore, our findings indicate that newly qualified nurses’ clinical placement experiences provide important knowledge and insight for educators in terms of education and support for future student nurses going into situations with short clinical placement hours. The conclusion highlights the implications of the findings and recommendations and the need for further support and education for newly qualified nurses after the pandemic. Study registration detailsThe study was approved by the Norwegian Social Data Service (project number 396247). The registration date was 2021–11–04. Tweetable abstractTransition-related challenges became more prominent during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic than during non-pandemic times.

Students' perceptions of a UK physiotherapy student-led clinic.

Student-led clinics (SLCs) are a mode of delivery whereby students take responsibility for the delivery of a health service or intervention. SLCs for physiotherapy have a wide range of uses, including enhancement of learning, replacement of clinical placement hours and serving population and community needs. Evidence is emerging globally as to the outcomes of SLCs in physiotherapy, but little exists in the United Kingdom (UK) context. The purpose of this study was to explore student perceptions of running, leading and participating in a UK physiotherapy student-led neurological rehabilitation clinic. A qualitative design using a focus group. Four themes were identified relating to students' perceptions of SLCs associated with the learning environment, self-development, enhanced clinical skill development and reflections on experience at the SLC. The findings of this study suggest that physiotherapy SLCs in a UK context can contribute positively to student experience and skill development, particularly in relation to the learning environment, development of clinical skills, leadership and autonomy. Some aspects related to, for example, student induction and preparation could be further developed. Further research should explore if these findings are applicable in other countries where SLCs are less established. Further research in the UK and globally related to SLC models in different courses and across varying stages is required. Exploration of the SLC as a viable form of clinical placement experience is also warranted.

Medical Student Duty Hours and Shelf Performance: Is There a Correlation?

To date, there is limited information about medical student duty hours, shelf scores, and overall clerkship performance in obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN). As a result, we were curious to know whether spending more time in the clinical environment translated to an improved learning experience or, in contrast, translated to decreased study time and worse overall clerkship performance. A retrospective cohort analysis was performed at a single academic medical center of all medical students on the OB/GYN clerkship from August 2018 to June 2019. Recorded student duty hours were tabulated per day and per week, by student. National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME) Subject Exam (Shelf) equated percentile scores for the quarter of year were used. Our statistical analysis showed that working long hours did not translate to higher or lower shelf score, or higher overall clerkship grade. However, working longer hours in the last 2 weeks of the clerkship was associated with high shelf score. Longer medical student duty hours did not correlate to higher shelf scores or overall clerkship grades. Future multicenter studies are necessary to evaluate the importance of medical student duty hours and continue optimizing the educational experience of the OB/GYN clerkship. · Clinical hours were not associated with shelf examination scores.. · Clinical hours were not associated with overall clerkship grade.. · Longer clinical hours at the end of clerkship are correlated with higher examination scores..

Association of Primary Care Physicians’ Ambulatory Full-time Equivalencies With Time in the Electronic Health Record

This cross-sectional study examines whether primary care physicians (PCPs) in the clinic part-time have reduced electronic health record (EHR) time commensurate with their clinical hours.

Trends, Distribution, and Impact of Pediatric Messages in a Large Health System From 2019 to 2021

This cohort study assesses changes in the volume of medical advice messages between 2019 and 2021, variation among pediatricians, and the association of volume with time spent working on the electronic health record outside clinical hours.

Gender disparity in the effects of COVID‐19 on academic productivity and career satisfaction in anesthesiology in the US: Results of a national survey of anesthesiologists

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic created unprecedented challenges for anesthesiologists both at work and home. This study examined whether the pandemic affected academic productivity and career satisfaction among anesthesiologists practicing in the United States during the early stages of the pandemic and whether these effects differed by gender. A survey was emailed to 25,473 members of the American Society of Anesthesiologists to learn about their experiences during the beginning of the pandemic. The survey directed respondents to rate their change in academic productivity, clinical care hours, scholarly and leadership opportunities, income, childcare duties, and household responsibilities during the first 5 months of the pandemic (March 1–July 31, 2020). The primary variable was gender, academic productivity was the primary outcome, and data were analyzed by multivariable proportional odds logistic regression models and correlations. Female anesthesiologists reported lower academic productivity and career satisfaction relative to male anesthesiologists during the study period. Career satisfaction positively correlated with academic productivity. Compared to male anesthesiologists, female anesthesiologists also had more household responsibilities before and during the pandemic. Being a female parent reduced academic productivity relative to that reported by nonparents of either gender. In conclusion, the early months of the COVID‐19 pandemic had a greater adverse professional impact on female anesthesiologists than on their male counterparts. Efforts to support and retain female anesthesiologists, particularly those early in their careers and those with children, are essential for the specialty to maintain its workforce and promote gender equity in promotion and leadership.

A culturally informed model to enhance breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screenings: perspectives of American Indian adults and healthcare providers in rural New Mexico

PurposeAmerican Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) populations have some of the lowest cancer screening rates compared to other racial/ethnic populations. Using community-based participatory research methods, we sought to characterize knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and approaches to enhance breast, colorectal, and cervical cancer screening.MethodsWe conducted 12 focus groups between October 2018 and September 2019 with 96 eligible AI adults and healthcare providers, recruited using non-probability purposive sampling methods from the Zuni Pueblo in rural New Mexico. We used the Multi-level Health Outcomes Framework (MHOF) to conduct a qualitative content analysis identifying mutable systems- and individual- level constructs important for behavior change that we crosslinked with the Community Preventive Services Task Force (CPSTF) recommended evidence-based interventions (EBIs) or approaches.ResultsSalient systems-level factors that limited uptake of cancer screenings included inflexible clinic hours, transportation barriers, no on-demand service and reminder systems, and brief doctor–patient encounters. Individual-level barriers included variable cancer-specific knowledge that translated into fatalistic beliefs, fear, and denial. Interventions to enhance community demand and access for screening should include one-on-one and group education, small media, mailed screening tests, and home visitations by public health nurses. Interventions to enhance provider delivery of screening services should include translation and case management services.ConclusionsThe MHOF constructs crosslinked with CPSTF recommended EBIs or approaches provided a unique perspective to frame barriers and promoters of screening utilization and insights for intervention development. Findings inform the development of culturally tailored, theoretically informed, multi-component interventions concordant with CPSTF recommended EBIs or approaches aimed at improving cancer screening.

The Influence of Anti-LGBTQIA+ Legislation on Graduate Medical Education

The Influence of Anti-LGBTQIA+ Legislation on Graduate Medical Education

Association of participation in Medicare’s Oncology Care Model with spending, utilization, and quality outcomes among commercially insured and Medicare Advantage members: A national difference-in-differences analysis.

1596 Background: Medicare’s Oncology Care Model (OCM) was a voluntary, episode-based model between 2016 and 2021 that provided participating practices with additional payments to fund care enhancements such as extended clinical hours and urgent care. While it resulted in net losses for traditional Medicare beneficiaries, the OCM may have had “spillover” improvements on spending, utilization, and quality for commercially insured (CM) and Medicare Advantage (MA) members who were not targeted by the program. Methods: This retrospective analysis used claims from Elevance Health, a large national payer, to identify commercially insured and Medicare Advantage members diagnosed with breast, colorectal, lung, prostate, and pancreatic cancer initiating systemic therapy between 2014 to 2021. We identified 85 OCM practices and 581 matched non-OCM practices based on episode, practice, demographic, and market factors. The exposure variable was participation in the OCM model. All outcomes were defined in 6-month episodes; the primary outcome was overall inflation-adjusted spending; secondary outcomes included hospitalization and emergency room visits, and end-of-life acute care utilization. We utilized adjusted difference-in-differences linear probability models, with state-level fixed effects to control for market price variability, to estimate the association between OCM participation and all outcomes. Results: We studied 45,296 episodes of care in OCM practices and 122,231 episodes in non-OCM practices among CM and MA members during the post-implementation period. OCM participation was associated with a $5,275 (SE $749.40) reduction in total allowed spending (p<0.001), driven by reductions in outpatient and systemic therapy spending. OCM was associated with improvements in end-of-life utilization and ED visits but none in hospitalizations and timely chemotherapy initiation. Conclusions: Participation in the OCM was associated with modest spillover spending benefit onto CM and MA members, but minimal utilization and quality benefits. Resultant practice innovations may have benefited non-targeted patients. Evaluations limited to targeted patients may have underestimated the full impact of the OCM.[Table: see text]

An international telehealth experience in Guatemala.

An increase in competition for nurse practitioner preceptors and United States-based clinical practicum sites along with an increase in required direct patient care clinical hours demand innovative methods for gaining valuable nurse practitioner clinical experiences. Involving nurse practitioner students in medical mission trips to low-resource countries and follow-up telehealth clinics have been beneficial for all involved. Guatemala is a developing country in Latin America that has a high rate of poverty, malnutrition, and a lack of health care. Annual medical mission trips are beneficial in meeting the health care needs of Guatemalans but lack the frequent follow-up necessary to promote a more sustained impact. A monthly telehealth program was established in a rural area of Guatemala to promote the continuity of care for children with malnutrition. This article discusses associated barriers, strategies to overcome those barriers, and the inclusion of nurse practitioner students to meet the needs of the Guatemalan children with malnutrition using a telehealth program.

Evolving Approaches to Meet Clinical Hours for Undergraduate Nursing Students during COVID-19.

The COVID-19 pandemic challenged all healthcare professionals to re-think how patient care is provided. Faculty in nursing schools faced similar challenges in offering adequate clinical hours to nursing students, because of the limited availability of clinical placements. A faculty in one school of nursing introduced virtual simulation resources to supplement in-person clinical hours. The faculty developed a revised clinical curriculum for students that included weekly objectives and deliverables for virtual simulations. The Simulation Effectiveness Tool-Modified (SET-M) was utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of the virtual simulations. 130 students (88.4%) completed the post-implementation survey. After using the virtual simulations, 50% of the students reported feeling confident in providing interventions that foster patient safety. Furthermore, students reported a sound understanding of disease pathophysiology (60%) and medications (53.8%). The qualitative data indicated that students found the virtual simulations beneficial and a safe learning environment. Pre-pandemic virtual simulations were not used by this school of nursing to replace the traditional in-person clinical experiences. However, the pandemic demonstrated that the utilization of innovative virtual simulations are effective methods for student learning to augment traditional clinical experiences.

Connecting the Dots between Barriers to W.I.C. Access and Adult and Child Food Insecurity: A Survey of Missouri Residents.

Background. Previous research has explored the impact of W.I.C. on recipients' health, but less is known about the connection between barriers to W.I.C. access and health outcomes. We fill in a gap in the literature by studying the relationship between barriers to Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (W.I.C.) access and adult and child food insecurity. Methods. After survey administration, we analyzed a cross-sectional sample of 2244 residents in Missouri who have used W.I.C. or lived in a household with a W.I.C. recipient in the past three years. We ran logistic regression models to understand the relationships among barriers to W.I.C. utilization, adult food insecurity, and child food insecurity. Results. Having special dietary needs (for adults), lacking access to technology, encountering inconvenient clinic hours of operation, and experiencing difficulties taking off work were associated with increased adult food insecurity. Difficulties finding WIC-approved items in the store, technological barriers, inconvenient clinic hours, difficulties taking off work, and finding childcare were associated with increased child food insecurity. Conclusion. Barriers to accessing and utilizing W.I.C. are associated with adult and child food insecurity. However, current policies suggest promising approaches to curbing these barriers.

High satisfaction among patients at HIV clinics in Harare, Zimbabwe: a time and motion evaluation and patient satisfaction study.

Patient satisfaction is an important component of health and healthcare utilization, which measures the perceived needs and expectations for healthcare services. Patient satisfaction surveys are effective in improving health outcomes by informing health facilities on service and provider gaps and guiding the development of effective action plans and policies for quality improvement within a healthcare organization. Although patient satisfaction and patient flow analyses have been conducted in Zimbabwe, the combination of these two quality improvement measures in the context of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) clinics has not previously been evaluated. This study assessed and evaluated patient flow and patient satisfaction to enhance care quality and improve HIV service delivery to optimize patient health. We collected time and motion data from HIV patients who attended three purposively selected City of Harare Polyclinics in Harare, Zimbabwe. All patients who sought care at the clinic were given time and motion forms to track their movement and the time spent at each service area. After services were completed, patients were invited to participate in a satisfaction survey regarding their services and care. The average waiting time from clinic arrival to see the provider was 2 hr and 14 min. The areas with the longest waiting time and bottlenecks occurred at registration (49 min) and the HIV clinic waiting area (44 min). Despite these extended times, the overall patient satisfaction for HIV services was high at 72%, with over half (59%) reporting that there was nothing they did not like about their services. Patients were most satisfied with services provided (34%), timely service (27%), and antiretroviral medications (19%). The areas of least satisfaction were related to time delays (24%) and cashier delays (6%). Despite prolonged waiting times, patients' overall satisfaction with their clinic experience remains high. Perceptions of satisfaction are influenced by experience, culture, and context. However, there are still several areas of recommendations to improve service, care, and quality. Specifically, reducing or eliminating service fees, increasing clinic hour times, and having available medication were most cited. Support from the Zimbabwe Ministry of Health and Child Care, City of Harare, and other decision-makers is needed to improve patient satisfaction and address patients' recommendations within the City of Harare Polyclinic organization in accordance with the 2016-20 National Health Strategies for Zimbabwe.

729 A Post-Pandemic Educational Program for New Burn Nurses

Abstract Introduction Transitioning into a nursing role within the burn center is clinically challenging and stressful. Due to the highly specialized nature of burn care, it is often difficult to find experienced nurses. Because of the shortage of experienced nurses, the burn center has been hiring many new graduate nurses. The COVID-19 pandemic greatly affected nursing schools, as clinical hours and experiences in the hospital were greatly reduced during peak outbreaks. Often, lab simulation and role playing were supplemented for clinical hours. In turn, nurses graduated with limited patient-nurse interactions and bedside experiences. From January 2020 through August 2022 our organization had an attrition rate of 27% for new graduate ICU nurses while the burn center saw a 25% attrition rate for new nurses. Our hypothesis is that an additional education program for new burn nurses will improve self-efficacy, knowledge and provide the support needed to promote long-term retention. Methods An educational program was created and implemented for two nursing cohorts. Twelve additional hours of hands-on skills and discussions were added over the course of the standard twelve-week orientation period. A pre and post exam consisting of identical questions was given to all participating staff to assess baseline knowledge and effectiveness of education. Discussions within each cohort identified learning needs and areas where additional support could be offered. The General Self-Efficacy Scale was used to assess pre and post program implementation. Results were analyzed using an unpaired t test. Results The average score in the eighteen-question pre-knowledge assessment exam was 72% and increased to 91% in the post-knowledge exam. The self-efficacy score increased from 1.68 to 3.36 (P value 0.0002). Based on self-efficacy results, nurses reported feeling more competent and less anxious about their new roles. Conclusions The post-pandemic population of new graduate nurses face a grave disadvantage when starting a new role due to limited clinical experiences, lack of available rotations and a reduction in clinical hours. This may set them up for failure due to decreased self-efficacy. Providing additional support and a proactive approach to educating new nurses has proven to be a valuable experience in the burn center. Applicability of Research to Practice Development of an educational program for new nurses was shown to improve self-efficacy and knowledge. Continuing this supplemental educational program for new nurses is beneficial to both new graduate and new burn nurses and has the potential to improve nursing retention.

The impact of medical students on work after clinic for neurology preceptors

ObjectiveTo determine whether medical students significantly impact preceptor physicians’ clinic volume and work after clinic (WAC), we compared the time to note completion and the number of patients seen per hour (PPH) for outpatient neurologists with and without students present in their clinic. MethodsOutpatient neurologists (n = 47) involved in the Johns Hopkins Neurology Clerkship from 2015 to 2017 were included. WAC for each patient encounter was calculated as the interval between the date and time of a scheduled patient appointment and the time of clinic note completion. The number of patient encounters per scheduled clinic hour (PPH) was also calculated for each preceptor. Measurements were compared for each preceptor, serving as their own control, to account for variability in efficiency between preceptors. ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in WAC or PPH for individual preceptors with and without students (WAC p-value = 0.837; PPH p-value = 0.139). Preceptors did see significantly more patients per day with students than without (6.28 with students, 5.07 without students, p-value <0.001). ConclusionsIn this study, assigning a student to an outpatient ambulatory clinic did not significantly increase work after clinic. In addition, students did not significantly alter the number of patients faculty saw per hour. Public Interest SummaryBoth medical students and educators have highlighted the importance of greater student involvement in clinic in providing a valuable outpatient educational experience, but it is often difficult for academic programs to recruit physician preceptors willing to teach and actively involve students in outpatient clinics. This study shows that medical student presence in clinic does not delay physician preceptors’ note completion and is not associated with less patients seen. To further optimize the outpatient educational and efficiency model, it is important for future investigations to evaluate training programs that enhance the efficacy of a student in clinic, particularly for students with less outpatient experience. This could encourage more preceptors to involve medical students in their clinic, potentially increasing student competence and interest in outpatient medicine.

Overcoming the monster! Perceptions of physiotherapy students regarding the use of stroke master plots for building therapeutic relationships; a vignette study

BackgroundNarrative master plots identify illness stories which are recognisable within clinical settings. Responses to different master plots by physiotherapy students can lack empathy and need to be understood further. One narrative master plot for people with stroke that has not been well studied is called ‘overcoming the monster’. Research is needed to understand physiotherapy students’ reactions to this master plot.ObjectiveTo examine the responses of physiotherapy students to three variations of the master plot called ‘overcoming the monster’ generated from patients who have had a stroke.MethodsA qualitative narrative vignette study was undertaken. A university in the West Midlands (England) was used to access physiotherapy students on the pre-registration programs. A purposive sample of students volunteered to complete a single vignette questionnaire at one time point. The vignette provided three unique examples of the master plot overcoming the monster as told by people with stroke. Students responded to each by asking specific questions that captured demographic information and questions that captured reactions to the different versions of the master plot. Categorical-content narrative analysis was undertaken.ResultsThirty-two first year (BSc) students, thirty-nine first year (pre-registration) MSc students and nineteen third year (BSc) students participated in this study. Neither first year groups had undertaken any clinical placement hours. All third-year students had finished the required clinical placement hours for the physiotherapy course. Students consistently demonstrated empathy towards this master plot. Students often valued the variant of the story which illustrated how difficulties following stroke could be experienced as an ‘adventure’. Students also valued and were motivated by the story variant that considered a family member as a source of motivation and encouragement. The story variant which focused on the shortcomings of the health care system was more often related to by the final year BSc students and MSc students. However, first year students, particularly BSc students, reported being more emotionally affected by the vignette.ConclusionAll variants of the master plot overcoming the monster appeared to generate empathetic responses. This is important because it highlights the value of students’ understanding the patients’ story and challenges or ‘monsters’ faced. Therapeutic relationships will benefit from training physiotherapy students on the importance of listening and exploring challenges people with stroke face.

Ethical Considerations of Replacing Clinical Hours With Simulation in Undergraduate Nursing Education: Means to an End, or an End in Itself?

In the current health-care environment, undergraduate nursing programs are expected to provide high-quality clinical experiences for students despite increasing difficulty accessing clinical placements. Expectations for newly graduated nurses have increased in the last few years, with an emphasis on "work-ready" graduates. At the same time, the availability of a variety of clinical practicum placements has decreased in some areas, increasing the difficulty of meeting the increasing numbers of nursing students required for future workforce planning, a situation exacerbated by the ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic. Nursing educators are caught between industry requirements for clinically prepared students and the regulatory requirements of their educational institutions. One solution being espoused internationally is substituting simulation for clinical practicum hours. Simulation offers many advantages, especially for patient safety, providing students with opportunities to link theory to practice in a controlled environment. This article discusses the ethical considerations of substituting simulation for clinical hours in undergraduate nursing education. Is this substitution justified as a means to an end or an end in itself?

Analysis of Spanish vocational radiographers' education through clinical training and perceptions of core subject teachers: A survey

IntroductionThis work presents a prospective analysis of the key aspects involved in the Spanish radiographer's perception of the weaknesses of the current educational curriculum in terms of teaching staff's qualifications and composition in the clinical training and core subjects. The goal is to show clinical training and professional's perception of the teaching quality and to characterise the weakness detected within the context of the European radiographer's academic system. MethodsThe perception of the quality of the training received by the professionals was collected through an anonymous survey. A total of 758 valid responses were received, and were analysed to three hypotheses: the variability of the teachers’ qualifications in the core subjects, the variability in terms of internships time carried out by the students, and assessment about teaching quality of the teachers. ResultsThe results prove there is a huge variability and little academic affinity of the teachers' degrees with the core subjects. On the other hand, the results shows there is a scarcity of clinical training hours in Spain, especially compared to European standards. It was demonstrated that teachers with a specific radiographer degree obtained the best scores. ConclusionIt is mandatory to adjust the criteria for selecting clinical imaging teachers to improve the teaching quality in Spain and increase the clinical training period of the Spanish radiographers to match their European counterparts. Implication for practiceImproving the training of Spanish radiographers will contribute to standardising the training quality of the whole European profession.

Descriptive Analysis of Documentation Time for the National Developmental-Behavioral Pediatric Physician Workforce Using a Commercial Electronic Health Record System.

The national developmental-behavioral pediatric (DBP) workforce struggles to meet current service demands because of several factors. Lengthy and inefficient documentation processes are likely to contribute to service demand challenges, but DBP documentation patterns have not been sufficiently studied. Identifying clinical practice patterns may inform strategies to address documentation burden in DBP practice. Nearly 500 DBP physicians in the United States use a single commercial electronic health record (EHR) system (EpicCare Ambulatory, Epic Systems Corporation, Verona WI). We evaluated descriptive statistics using the US Epic DBP provider data set. We then compared DBP documentation metrics against those of pediatric primary care and selected pediatric subspecialty providers who provide similar types of care. One-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were conducted to determine whether outcomes differed among provider specialties. We identified 4 groups for analysis from November 2019 through February 2020: DBP (n = 483), primary care (n = 76,423), pediatric psychiatry (n = 783), and child neurology (n = 8589). Post hoc pairwise comparisons revealed statistically significant differences between multiple outcome-specialty combinations. Time in notes per appointment and progress note length demonstrated the strongest evidence of an increased burden on DBP providers compared with other similar provider groups. DBP providers spend a significant amount of time documenting progress notes both during and outside of normal clinic hours. This preliminary analysis highlights the utility of using EHR user activity data to quantitatively measure documentation burden.

International Music Therapists' Perceptions and Experiences in Telehealth Music Therapy Provision.

The use of telehealth within music therapy practice has increased through necessity in recent years. To contribute to the evolving evidence base, this current study on Telehealth Music Therapy (TMT) was undertaken to investigate the telehealth provision experiences of music therapists internationally. Participants completed an anonymous online cross-sectional survey covering demographics, clinical practice, telehealth provision, and telehealth perceptions. Descriptive and inferential statistics, in combination with thematic analysis, were used to analyze the data. A total of 572 music therapists from 29 countries experienced in providing TMT took part in this study. The results showed that the overall number of clinical hours (TMT and in-person hours combined) declined due to the pandemic. Participants also reported reduced perceived success rates in utilizing both live and pre-recorded music in TMT sessions when compared to in-person sessions. Although many music therapists rose to the challenges posed by the pandemic by incorporating TMT delivery modes, there was no clear agreement on whether TMT has more benefits than drawbacks; however, reported benefits included increased client access and caregiver involvement. Furthermore, a correlation analysis revealed moderate-to-strong positive associations between respondents who perceived TMT to have more benefits than drawbacks, proficiency at administering assessments over telehealth, and perceived likelihood of using telehealth in the future. Regarding the influence of primary theoretical orientation and work setting, respondents who selected music psychotherapy as a primary theoretical orientation had more experience providing TMT prior to the pandemic while those primarily working in private practice were most inclined to continue TMT services post-pandemic. Benefits and drawbacks are discussed and future recommendations for TMT are provided.