Clinical-epidemiological Profile Research Articles

Hair care and epidemiological-clinical profile of traction alopecia among women in hair salons in Yaoundé, Cameroon.

Hair is valued by all individuals especially women. The perception of beauty is specific to everyone. In order to fulfil their ideal beauty, women use various methods to modify their hair's appearance. Afro hair is particularly fragile, so using these methods can be particularly deleterious for black women's hair. Describe hair care practices of women living in Yaoundé, determine the prevalence of traction alopecia (TA) and describe its clinical profile. We carried out a cross-sectional study in hairdressing saloon in Yaoundé. A questionnaire was administered and scalp exams were performed to determine Marginal TA severity score. We included 223 women with a mean age of 24.9±7years. The prevalence of TA was 34.5%. Mild and moderate stages were most represented. As far as haircare is concerned, extensions were regularly used by 95.1% of participants. Wigs were regularly worn by 58.7% of participants. Chemical hair straightening was done by 87.9% of women and was performed twice to thrice a year by 43.9%. Almost 76% of women used hair straightener and hair dryer. Hair washing was done monthly by 43.8% of participants and the main cosmetic used was shampoo (75.3%). Traction alopecia is a very common disease in women living in Yaoundé. Extensions, wigs and shampooing are their main hair care practices.

Prevalence, Outcomes, and Risk Factors for Cardiorespiratory Arrest in the Intensive Care Unit: An Observational Study.

BackgroundCardiorespiratory arrest is defined as an abrupt halt in the cardiac mechanical activity that is accompanied by the loss of a detectable pulse, the cessation of breathing, and the loss of consciousness. The aim of this study is to create a clinical–epidemiological profile of patients who experienced cardiorespiratory arrest and were admitted to the intensive care unit to evaluate the associated factors and their impact on the prognosis of these patients.Patients and methodsFrom January to December 2019, the medical records of 135 patients who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation were reviewed for this cross-sectional observational study. The information was collected according to the Utstein model.ResultsA low return of spontaneous circulation of 22.2% was observed, with a predominance of females (53.3%) and older patients (68.9%), multiple comorbidities at admission (68.4%), and asystole as the predominant rhythm. Female sex and age >60 years were statistically significant (p = 0.017), as was the association between sex and comorbidities (p = 0.036), with heart disease being the most prevalent in females (p = 0.036).ConclusionIn this study, even though the resuscitation maneuver time (start of resuscitation following arrest) was very short and the defibrillation was performed promptly, there was a high prevalence of cardiac arrest and low survival rates after cardiopulmonary resuscitation.How to cite this articleMenezes da Silva A, Braga AL, Cruvinel de Souza V. Prevalence, Outcomes, and Risk Factors for Cardiorespiratory Arrest in the Intensive Care Unit: An Observational Study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(6):704–709.

Clinical Burden of Inpatient Wound Care in Internal Medicine Units During the First Wave of COVID-19 Outbreak.

To explore the clinical burden and epidemiologic profile of hospitalized patients with wounds during the first wave of COVID-19. A retrospective and observational study was conducted to analyze the inpatient episodes of wound care in the University Hospital of Salamanca (Spain) during the initial COVID-19 crisis from March 1, 2020, to June 1, 2020. Data were collected from nursing care reports and clinical discharge reports. Included patients were 18 years or older, had a hospital length of stay of 1 day or longer, and were hospitalized in an internal medicine unit. Surgical and traumatic wounds and pediatric patients were excluded. A total of 116 patients and 216 wounds were included. The overall wound prevalence was 7.6%, and incidence was 3.5% in the internal medicine units. Pressure injuries (PIs) were the most common wound type, and patients with COVID-19 had significantly higher PI risk (odds ratio [OR], 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-4.0; P = .042). Significant differences in PI staging were noted: 83.2% of wounds in patients with COVID-19 were stages I-II versus 67.8% in patients without COVID-19; the probability of stage III-IV PIs among patients without COVID-19 was doubled (OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.2-4.5; P = .009). The probability of acute wounds tripled in patients with COVID-19 (OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 2.1-6.6; P < .001). Patients with COVID-19 also had longer mean hospital stays and higher ICU admission rates. No case fatality rate differences were observed. In this context of clinical practice, protocolized assessment and implementation of preventive measures must be ensured among older adult populations, patients with associated comorbidities, and ICU patients.

20 Years of Real-World Data to Estimate the Prevalence of Heart Failure and Its Subtypes in an Unselected Population of Integrated Care Units.

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome caused by structural and functional cardiac abnormalities resulting in the impairment of cardiac function, entailing significant mortality. The prevalence of HF has reached epidemic proportions in the last few decades, mainly in the elderly, but recent evidence suggests that its epidemiology may be changing. Objective: Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of HF and its subtypes, and to characterize HF in a population of integrated care users. Material and Methods: A non-interventional cross-sectional study was performed in a healthcare center that provides primary, secondary and tertiary health cares. Echocardiographic parameters (left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) and evidence of structural heart disease) and elevated levels of natriuretic peptides were used to define two HF phenotypes: (i) HF with a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF, LVEF ≤ 40% and either NT-proBNP ≥ 400 pg/mL (≥600 pg/mL if atrial fibrillation (AF)/flutter) or BNP ≥ 100 pg/mL (≥125 pg/mL if AF/flutter)) and (ii) HF with a non-reduced ejection fraction (HFnrEF), which encompasses both HFpEF (LVEF ≥ 50% and either NT-proBNP ≥ 200 pg/mL (≥600 pg/mL if AF/flutter) or BNP ≥ 100 pg/mL (≥125 pg/mL if AF/flutter) in the presence of at least one structural cardiac abnormality) and HF with a mildly reduced fraction (HFmrEF, LVEF within 40–50% and either NT-proBNP ≥ 200 pg/mL (≥600 pg/mL if AF/flutter) or BNP ≥ 100 pg/mL (≥125 pg/mL if AF/flutter) in the presence of at least one structural cardiac abnormality). The significance threshold was set at p ≤ 0.001. Results: We analyzed 126,636 patients with a mean age of 52.2 (SD = 18.3) years, with 57% (n = 72,290) being female. The prevalence of HF was 2.1% (n = 2700). The HF patients’ mean age was 74.0 (SD = 12.1) years, and 51.6% (n = 1394) were female. Regarding HF subtypes, HFpEF accounted for 65.4% (n = 1765); 16.1% (n = 434) had HFmrEF and 16.3% (n = 439) had HFrEF. The patients with HFrEF were younger (p < 0.001) and had a history of myocardial infarction more frequently (p < 0.001) compared to HFnrEF, with no other significant differences between the HF groups. The HFrEF patients were more frequently prescribed CV medications than HFnrEF patients. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) was present in 44.7% (n = 1207) of the HF patients. CKD was more frequently present in T2D vs. non-T2D HF patients at every stage (p < 0.001), as well as stroke, peripheral artery disease, and microvascular disease (p < 0.001). Conclusions: In this cohort, considering a contemporary definition, the prevalence of HF was 2.1%. HFrEF accounted for 16.3% of the cases, with a similar clinical–epidemiological profile having been previously reported in the literature. Our study revealed a high prevalence of patients with HFpEF (65.4%), raising awareness for the increasing prevalence of this entity in cardiology practice. These results may guide local and national health policies and strategies for HF diagnosis and management.

SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC AND CLINICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF CHILDREN WITH STOMA: AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY

Objective: To characterize the epidemiological clinical profile of children with ostomies treated in the outpatient clinic of a reference public teaching hospital for children in Brazil. Method: Descriptive, documentary, retrospective and quantitative study, carried out by extracting sociodemographic and clinical data from electronic medical records of children with ostomies, monitored from 2014 to 2018. The data underwent descriptive statistics, and in the analysis, the data were organized in a spreadsheet in Microsoft Excel version 2010, distributed in three tables, their values represented in absolute and relative frequency. Results: Of the 85 children with ostomy, there was a predominance of males, aged between 1 and 4 years. Anorectal anomaly was considered the main diagnosis. There was a high number of colostomies made. Contact dermatitis was the most frequent peristomal complication. There were difficulties in the routine of families attending the outpatient clinic, and the mother as the main caregiver. Conclusion: The study found relevant aspects related to care planning based on the demand of each child and health education for the prevention of complications, essential actions in the provision of safe and quality nursing care, as well as favoring the operationalization of public policies related to the health of children with ostomies.

IDF21-0640 Impact of therapeutic education on the value of HbA1c in type 2 diabetes

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the main non-communicable diseases in the world, including in Algeria. Its progressive chronicity, the development of which is strongly associated with the level of HbA1c, glycemic control, lifestyle and therefore with the behavior of the person in his environment. These are precisely the targets of therapeutic patient education (TPE), which is considered the cornerstone of the management of diabetes and its complications. Aim: The objective of this study is to assess the impact of therapeutic education on the benefit of HbA1c and glycemic control. On the other hand, to teach patients to solve their health problems. Method: This descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was carried out during this crazy period of Covid, at the level of the Khemis Miliana Region (North of Algeria), the aim of which was to study the clinical, biological and evolutionary epidemiological profile of heart disease. Among 384 patients with T2DM aged 30–89 years selected for this purpose, 26.04% patients benefited from education sessions versus 73.86% patients were not observed. Therapeutic education has been defined according to the WHO approach and the CBDCE guidelines. Diabetes was defined according to the criteria of the American Diabetes Association and the assessment of the treatment adherence score was carried out according to the GERARD and Morisky protocol. Multifactor statistical analysis was performed using R studio software, significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: The mean age ± SD of the educated patients was 52.18 ± 3.52, with the sex ratio (0.53 in favor of women). 26% of our participants followed a strict diet by measuring the amount of their food consumed, and 85% of them had false beliefs about nutrition. Blood glucose was monitored regularly in 75% of our patients, but home self-monitoring was only found in 13 cases. The application of the Pearson test between the glycemic control of observant patients and the benefit of HbA1c was statistically significant (p = 0.007). This significance was confirmed by the expected reduction of 1% HbA1c in over 75% of patients expected to sensitize. In addition, regular glycemic monitoring was remarkable in educated patients following their sensitization by admitting that the relationship between these two parameters was statistically significant (p = 0.003). On the hygiene-dietetic scale, the change in nutritional habits following awareness shows that a very powerful association was found between education and compliance with hygiene-dietetic measures with a p-value equal to 0.0001. Furthermore, the assessment of a significant association between education and complications was not statistically noticed (χ2 = 3.659; p = 0.056). This may be due to several factors such as the age of the participant as well as the duration of the diabetes. Discussion: The study concluded that the benefits of diabetes self-management education immediately improve during follow-up the HbA1c levels, confirmed by the significant decrease in the percentage of HbA1c of diabetic patients involved in education programs self-management.

Clinical-epidemiological profile of COVID-19 patients during the first wave of the disease in the state of Pará, Brazil

December 2019 saw several cases of pneumonia of unknown origin reported in Wuhan, China; the cause of this unknown disease was later identified as the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the epidemiological profile of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the North Region of Brazil to assess possible correlations between demographic, social and health factors as well as adherence to safety protocols and the epidemiological profile of COVID-19. Information was obtained via a socio epidemiological survey carried out using Google Forms shared on various social media platforms from May 13 to 20, 2020. 6,781 people, living in the State of Pará, participated in the study of which only 682 (10.1%) had been diagnosed with COVID-19. Of these, 43 (6.3%) required hospitalization. 155 (23.5%) tested positive by RT-PCR associated with computed tomography. The RT-PCR test, with no association with other methods, was performed in 77 (11.6%) cases and serology performed in 360 cases (54.6%). There was a higher prevalence of confirmed cases (457, 67.0%) in females than in males, and the predominant age group was 30 to 40 years of age (214 participants, 31.4%). Considering the relatively homogeneous demographic profile of the sample, continued research is vital, preferably multi-centric studies, to obtain relevant data regarding the epidemiological dynamics of COVID-19; this data will allow the development of pandemic-prevention strategies that consider the social, cultural and political aspects of specific locations. KEY WORDS: COVID-19; epidemiology; pandemic.

Ameloblastoma: A Clinical and Histopathological Study of 28 Cases Diagnosed in Benghazi

Aims: &#x0D; The study aims to describe the characteristics of of ameloblastoma in a retrospective sample of cases reported at the faculty of dentistry, University of Benghazi, Libya&#x0D; Methods &#x0D; A retrospective analysis of cases diagnosed with a ameloblastoma between 2001 and 2016 at faculty of dentistry -Benghazi-libya were reviewed histologically. The cases were then subclassified according to the basic criteria of the World Health Organization. In addition, cases were analysed in terms of clinicopathologic and histopathologic features.&#x0D; Results: &#x0D; A total of 28 ameloblastomas types were identified: 8 conventional, 2 peripheral, and 17 unicystic (4 cases ameloblastoma arising in dentigerous cysts) and 1 case is malignant ameloblastoma. Tumours were distributed throughout the jaws with 26 cases in mandibular, 2 cases in maxilla, (2 cases and cross midline, and 2 cases in an anterior location).&#x0D; Conclusion:&#x0D; The clinical epidemiological profile of the patients from the present study is very similar to other populations with regards to gender, age and tumor location, with unicystic ameloblastoma being the most common subtype in our population, in contrast to other reports.

Clinical features of patients with new onset of autoimmune hepatitis following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination

Introduction: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a relatively rare chronic immune-mediated liver disease, which develops in genetically predisposed individuals following an environmental trigger. A few cases of AIH have been recently reported after the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Aims: The aim of this study was to describe clinical-epidemiological profile of a series of adult patients who experienced AIH onset following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Materials and Methods: This multicentric observational study collected clinical data of adult patients who had received SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and thereafter were diagnosed with AIH between 03/2021 and 10/2021 in Italy, using an online survey among members of the Italian Association for the study of the Liver (AISF). Results: Among the 12 patients included: 50% were females, median age 62 years (range 32-80), 6 (50%) had preexisting extrahepatic autoimmune disease (3 thyroiditis, 2 rheumatoid arthritis, 1 systemic lupus erythematosus), 7 patients have received Comirnaty (BioNTech/Pfizer) vaccine, 2 Spikevax (Moderna Biotech) and 3 Vaxzevria (AstraZeneca). Ten patients (83%) had acute onset of AIH with transaminase levels ≥10 times the upper limit of normal (ULN, range 13-77 x ULN), 8 (67%) with jaundice (total bilirubin 3.5-18.6 x ULN). At AIH diagnosis (median time from first and second vaccine dose: 48 and 10 days, respectively) median AST was 18 x ULN (range 5-85), ALT 23.8 x ULN (range 7-83), total bilirubin 3.8 x ULN (range 0.6-18.6), alkaline phosphatase 1.3 x ULN (range 0.8-7.1), immunoglobulin G 1.2 x ULN (median 0.8-1.5). Eight (67%) patients had autoantibodies: 6 ANA, 1 SMA, 1 LKM-1. Liver biopsy was typical for AIH in 8 and compatible in 3 patients. After 3 months 58% achieved complete biochemical response to standard immunosuppressive treatment. Conclusion: While intensive vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 continues, the diagnosis of AIH secondary to vaccines should be included in the differential diagnosis in cases of acute hepatitis of unexplained aetiology.

Predictive Mortality Factors after Decompressive Craniectomy in Ischemic Stroke

Abstract Background Decompressive craniectomy is a consolidated method for the treatment of malignant ischemic stroke (iS) in the territory of the middle cerebral artery. Thus, factors contributing to mortality constitute an important area of investigation. Objective To evaluate the epidemiological clinical profile and predictors of mortality in a single-center population of patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy for the treatment of malignant iS. Methods A single-center retrospective study was performed in 87 patients with malignant iS subjected to emergency decompressive craniectomy from January 2014 to December 2017. Age, gender, laterality, aphasia, time interval between disease onset and treatment, and clinical and neurological outcomes using the Glasgow coma scale were assessed. The patients were stratified by age: a group of participants 60 years old or younger, and a group of participants older than 60 years old for assessment of survival and mortality by the Kaplan-Meier test and log-rank comparison. The intensity of the association between demographic and clinical variables was evaluated by multivariate Cox regression. Results Ischemic stroke was prevalent in patients with hypertension (63.29%). Seventy-seven (84%) patients had some type of postoperative complication, mostly pneumonia (42.8%). The risk of death was 2.71 (p = 0.0041) and 1.93 (p = 0.0411) times higher in patients older than 60 and with less than 8 points on the Glasgow coma scale, respectively. Conclusion Malignant iS has a significant mortality rate. Age above 60 years and Glasgow coma scale values below 8 were statistically correlated with unfavorable prognosis.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome by COVID-19: Clinical-Epidemiological Profile and Spatial Distribution of Deaths in the States of Brazil

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome by COVID-19: Clinical-Epidemiological Profile and Spatial Distribution of Deaths in the States of Brazil

Chronic Purulent Otorrhea in the South of the Sahara: Epidemiological, Clinical and Therapeutic Profiles about 135 Cases

Objective: To study the clinical and therapeutic epidemiological profile of chronic purulent otorrhea in the ENT and CCF departments of the Gabriel Touré university hospital. Materials and Method: This was a retrospective study from May 2019 to April 2021. We made an exhaustive sampling of all patients who consulted for chronic purulent otorrhea with a complete medical file. All ages were included (except from 0 to - 5 years), and all sexes combined. The data medium was the patient records and the department’s operating report register. The non-inclusion criteria were patients with incomplete files and patients who were less than 5 years old. Results: In total, we collected 135 cases. The average age of our patients was 29.27 years. The most represented age group was 16 to 25 years old. We noted a male predominance in 60.7%. The associated signs found were hearing loss, earache, tinnitus, ear pruritus, vertigo, headache and facial paralysis. The main pathology involved is chronic otitis media (CMO) in 55.5%, the most serious of which is dangerous chronic otitis (8.1%). All of our patients have received medical treatment. The treatment was surgical in 64% of patients after medical treatment. With the mean follow-up of 6 months, tinnitus and reperforation were the most common complications found in 6.2% and 3.1% respectively. Conclusion: Chronic purulent otorrhea is the most common ear discharge in ENT consultation. The main pathology involved is CMO, the most formidable of which is cholesteatoma. Medico-surgical treatment.

Lithium-associated movement disorder: A literature review.

In 1949, Cade described “sedative effects” after injecting guinea pigs intraperitoneally with lithium (LTM) carbonate. Based on his experiments, he began treating psychiatric patients with LTM. This literature review aims to evaluate the clinical epidemiological profile, pathological mechanisms, and management of LTM-associated movement disorder (MD). Relevant reports in six databases (Excerpta Medica, Google Scholar, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Medline, Scientific Electronic Library Online, and ScienceDirect) were identified and assessed by two reviewers without language restriction from 1949 to 2021. A total of 250 reports containing 1100 individuals who developed MD associated with LTM were identified. The MDs encountered 148 parkinsonism (PKN), 114 dyskinesia (DKN), 97 myoclonus, 22 dystonia (DTN), 20 Creutzfeldt–Jakob-like syndrome, 11 akathisia, 10 restless legs syndrome (RLS) symptoms, 6 tics, 5 cerebellar syndromes, and 3 stuttering. In the subgroup of cases not clearly defined, there were 320 individuals with extrapyramidal symptoms, 135 with DTN, 37 with DKN, 24 with PKN, and 7 with RLS. Other 141 individuals were only described as presenting an abnormal involuntary movement without further explanation. The mean age was 53.06 years (standard deviation [SD]: 15.64) and the predominant sex was female, i.e., 56.20% (154/274). The mean LTM dose was 963.03 mg/day (SD: 392.03). The mean serum LTM level was 1.53 mEq/L (SD: 1.08). The median onset time was 3 months (1 day to 40 years). The mean recovery time was 0.94 months (SD: 0.87). 45.94% had a full recovery. LTM-induced MD was extensively reported in the literature. Only general terms were used in the majority of the reports. LTM polytherapy probably affected the identification of the MD cause.

Clinical-epidemiological profile of chemical burns in a Burn Therapy Unit (BTU) in Brazil

Clinical-epidemiological profile of chemical burns in a Burn Therapy Unit (BTU) in Brazil

Epidemiological factors associated with colorectal cancer in north-east India: A hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study

Background/Aim: Identifying the epidemiological factors associated with the causation and development of colorectal cancer may help gain a better understanding of the disease to assist in screening and assessing the prognosis. This study aimed to determine and analyze the clinical-epidemiological profile of colorectal cancer. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary teaching hospital on 138 colorectal cancer patients for 1.6 years (June 2017 to December 2018). The participants were examined clinically, and detailed history regarding demographic features, adverse habits, occupation, and family history was taken using a structured pro forma. The tumor stage and site of cancer were considered the primary outcomes. Descriptive and inferential analyses were carried out using coGuide software, V.1.03, and the P-value was set at

Lamotrigine-Associated Movement Disorder: A Literature Review.

Lamotrigine (LMT) is a phenyltriazine derivative that was originally described as an antiepileptic drug. This literature review aims to evaluate the clinical epidemiological profile, pathological mechanisms, and management of lamotrigine-associated movement disorders. Relevant reports in six databases were identified and assessed by two reviewers without language restriction. Reports that the individuals only developed tremor or ataxia after LMT use were not included. In total 48 reports of 108 cases from 19 countries were assessed. The movement disorders associated with LMT found were 29 tics, 21 dyskinesias, 14 myoclonus, 13 parkinsonism, 10 dystonia, and 1 stuttering. The not clearly defined cases included 10 akathisia, 4 myoclonus, 4 cerebellar syndromes, 1 hypertonia, 1 dyskinesia, and an unknown number of dystonia cases. The mean reported age was 33.34 years (range: 1.574 years). The male was the predominant sex and the most common LMT indication was epilepsy. The mean LMT-dose at the movement disorder onset was 228 mg. The time from LMT start to the onset of movement disorder was within 6 months in 81%. The time from LMT withdrawal to complete recovery was within 1 month in 83%. The most common management was LMT withdrawal. In the literature, the majority of the cases did not give a clear picture of the individual, and the times of movement disorder onset and recovery are not described. We believe that before withdrawal LMT, a dose adjustment based on the benefits and adverse events with careful evaluation case-by-case can be done.

Prevalence and characterization of heart failure in a population of integrated care users

Abstract Introduction Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome caused by structural and functional cardiac abnormalities resulting in impairment of cardiac function, entailing significant morbi-mortality. HF is an age-dependent entity associated with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Purpose Estimate the prevalence of HF and its subtypes, and characterize HF in a population of integrated care users. Methods Non-interventional cross-sectional study performed in healthcare centre that provides primary and secondary care. All adult patients at 31/12/2019 were included. Echocardiographic parameters [left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) and evidence of structural heart disease] and elevated level of natriuretic peptides were used to define two HF phenotypes: i) HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF, LVEF ≤40% and either NT-proBNP ≥400pg/mL (≥600pg/mL if atrial fibrillation (AF)/flutter) or BNP ≥100pg/mL (≥125pg/mL if AF/flutter)and ii) HF with non-reduced ejection fraction (HFnrEF), that encompasses both HFpEF (LVEF ≥50% and either NT-proBNP ≥200pg/mL (≥600pg/mL if AF/flutter) or BNP ≥100pg/mL (≥125pg/mL if AF/flutter) in the presence of at least one structural cardiac abnormality) and HF mid-range ejection fraction (HFmEF, LVEF within ]40, 50% [and either NT-proBNP ≥200pg/mL (≥600pg/mL if AF/flutter) or BNP ≥100pg/mL (≥125pg/mL if AF/flutter) in the presence of at least one structural cardiac abnormality). The significance threshold was set at P≤0.001. Results We analysed 126636 patients with mean age of 52.2 (SD=18.3) years, 57% (N=72290) were female. The prevalence of HF was 2.1% (N=2700). HF patients mean age was 74.0 (SD=12.1) years and 51.6% (N=1394) were female. Regarding HF subtypes, HFpEF accounted for 65.4% (N=1765), 16.1% (N=434) had HFmEF and 16.3% (N=439) had HFrEF. Patients with HFrEF were younger (P&amp;lt;0.001) and had a history of myocardial infarction more frequently (P&amp;lt;0.001) comparing to HFnrEF, with no other significant differences between HF groups. HFrEF patients were more frequently prescribed CV medications than HFnrEF patients, namely antiplatelet agents, ACE inhibitors (55.6% vs 32.7%, P&amp;lt;0.001), beta blockers (79.3 vs 55.8%, P&amp;lt;0.001) and aldosterone receptor antagonists (48.7 vs 8.3%, P&amp;lt;0.001). T2D was present in 44.7% (N=1207) of HF patients. CKD was more frequently present in T2D vs non-T2D HF patients at every stage (P&amp;lt;0.001) as well as stroke, peripheral artery disease and microvascular disease (P&amp;lt;0.001) (Table 1). Conclusions In this cohort, considering a contemporary definition, HF prevalence was 2.1%; HFrEF accounted for 16.3% of cases, with similar clinical-epidemiological profile previously reported in the literature. Our study revealed a high prevalence of patients with HFpEF (65.4%), raising awareness for the increasing prevalence of this entity in cardiology practice. These results may guide local and national health policies and strategies for HF diagnosis and management. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Private grant(s) and/or Sponsorship. Main funding source(s): AstraZeneca, Produtos Farmacêuticos Lda Table 1. HF Patient Characteristics by subtype

1319Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Viral Hepatitis C in Oran

Abstract Introduction The clinical epidemiological profile of patients with viral hepatitis C appears to differ from population. It is well established that in the West, the two main modes of hepatitis C virus contamination are blood transfusion and addiction. However, in our region, risk factors for transmission remain poorly identified and poorly quantified Thus, the objective of this study is to chart the epidemiological profile and to show the share of the different risk factors reported among the modes of transmission of HCV in this category of Oranese patients. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with patients with chronic viral hepatitis C, admitted to the gastroenterology services of the Oran University Hospital and prospectively collected from 2009 until 2015 for therapeutic management. The data were collected using a standardized questionnaire and processed on SPSS 20.0. Results There are 289 cases of viral hepatitis C; female predominance (sex ratio of 0.56). Their average age is 48.9±12.9 years. The G1 genotype is slightly with a frequency of 48.4% followed by the G2 with 37.7%. Among the probable modes of contamination reported, dental care ranked first with 54.7% followed by surgical procedures in 26.3%. Traditional practices such as hijama and scarification were found in 51.9% of cases. Conclusion Apart from the known contamination factors in the literature, we must not overlook the very important part of traditional practices that are closely linked to the traditions and beliefs of our region. Awareness campaigns should be adopted on hygiene practices to ensure good care safety. Keywords HCV, Contamination Patterns, Genotype, Risk

Psychological and clinical-epidemiological profile of poisoning in Nepal: an institutional experience.

Background Poisoning has become a major public health problem, withthe intent in most cases beingself-harm and commit suicide. This study highlights the psychological and clinical-epidemiological profile of patients visiting Scheer Memorial Adventist Hospital after poisoning. Methods This retrospective record-based study was done among poisoning patients of a hospital in Nepal from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2020. Data were analyzed using STATA version-15. Results Out of 134 total poisoning cases, 71 had consumed organophosphate compounds.The majority ofthe cases were female (59.2% in organophosphate groups, 69.8% in non-organophosphate groups). The circumstances of poisoning were mostly suicidal (95.8% in organophosphate groups, 90.5% in non-organophosphate groups) and the reasons for thisbeing mostly family disputes. Organophosphate groups had 8.41 times higher odds of having complicationswhencompared tonon-organophosphorus compounds. Conclusions The majority ofthe poisoning cases were suicidal in nature and family disputes being the major reason for the intake of a poisonous substance. This demandsthat moreattentionbe givento psychological and family counseling to resolve any disputes, as well aspsychological management of poisoning cases after medical management. Also, a strong regulatory mechanism should be imposed to control the easy access to poisonous substances.

Demographic and clinical profile of children with severe acute malnutrition: an experience from nutritional rehabilitation centre in South Kashmir

Background: Malnutrition is significant contributor of childhood morbidity and mortality in developing countries. More than 1/3rd of world’s severely malnourished children live in India. The aim was to evaluate the clinical-epidemiological profile and co-morbidities of SAM (severe acute malnutrition) children and to recognize socio-demographic risk factors of SAM children.Methods: It was a prospective hospital based case study. The prospective hospital based study was conducted from September 2018 to February 2020 and included children less than 5 years admitted to an paediatrics ward and satisfying the WHO definition of SAM. Data were entered in Microsoft excel sheet and SPSS software version 16 for windows was used for analysis.Results: 112 patients were taken for study. Mean age of admitted children were 16±3 months. Male:female ratio was 1:1.22. SAM is more common in nuclear families (N=67, 59.83%), illiterate mothers (N=72, 62.48%), children with high birth order more than 3 (N=42, 37%) and low socioeconomically status Kuppaswamy IV (N=72, 64.28%).The most common associated infections were acute gastroenteritis (82.14) and respiratory tract infections (54.20%). Hypoglycaemia (14.28) was the most common metabolic complication. The most commonly used supplementary food used was over diluted cow milk (43.67%).Conclusions: The problem of SAM is multifactorial (rural background, low socioeconomic status, maternal illiteracy, incomplete immunization). The findings of this study confirm the association of severe acute malnutrition with appropriate infant and young child feeding practices. NRCS provide life-saving care for children.