Clinical Case Report Research Articles

Eosinophilic Pneumonia Triggered by Toxocara canis in a Patient with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia: A Clinical Case Report

Eosinophilic Pneumonia Triggered by Toxocara canis in a Patient with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia: A Clinical Case Report

Delayed extensive lumbar sub-dural effusion following discectomy - Clinical imaging and case report

Delayed extensive lumbar sub-dural effusion following discectomy - Clinical imaging and case report

Epileptic encephalopathy, autism and cognitive deficit caused by the SYNGAP1 gene mutation

The paper analyzes data from scientific publications and presents a clinical case study of a rare genetic epileptic encephalopathy caused by a mutation in the SYNGAP1 gene. The case study focuses on a 4-year-old girl who has been diagnosed with epileptic encephalopathy due to the mutation. The paper describes the anamnesis of the child’s illness, including family history, neurological, neuropsychological, and speech assessments, as well as the results of genetic testing, electroencephalography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The findings indicate that the main symptoms of the condition are typically epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, difficulty with phrasal speech, and mental retardation. Common types of seizures include atypical absence seizures, myoclonic seizures, atonic seizures, and eyelid myoclonia with absences. On the electroencephalogram, there is a slowdown in occipital activity and diffuse, prolonged «peak-polypic-slow-wave» complexes. Pathognomonic neuroimaging changes in the brain are typically absent. Valproic acid, levetiracetam, and ethosuximide have been shown to be the most effective treatments for controlling epileptic seizures. Due to the rarity of this syndrome, the authors have provided a detailed clinical case report from their practice.Conclusion. SYNGAP1-related epileptic encephalopathy has a specific clinical presentation, including characteristic EEG findings and a particular pattern of seizures. The diagnostic approach for children with this condition, autism spectrum disorder, and delayed language development should include video electroencephalography with sleep deprivation, as well as genetic testing if necessary, using next-generation sequencing, to ensure early detection and appropriate treatment planning.

Oral Candidiasis in a Diabetic Patient Wearing Bar-Retained Provisional Overdenture: Clinical Case Report

Background: Denture stomatitis is a clinical manifestation of oral candidiasis, often seen in individuals wearing removable dentures that lead to the formation of sub-prosthetic stomatitis. This is particularly common in maladjusted appliances that have been in use for many years. Studies have shown that patients with systemic diseases such as diabetes, or other medical complexities, have a higher likelihood of developing denture stomatitis. To address this problem, the use of implant-retained dentures with different types of attachments has been introduced, providing increased comfort and hygiene for edentulous patients. However, this solution is not without its own set of challenges, being that the prolonged contact with mucosal surfaces can lead to challenges in cleaning and managing plaque depending on the attachment. Case Presentation: In this clinical case report, we present a female patient who developed bar-retained prosthetic stomatitis induced by oral candidiasis a few months after receiving her provisional prosthesis. Conclusions: In conclusion, this case report emphasizes the need to consider both systemic and local factors when preventing and treating denture stomatitis. By understanding the risk factors involved, healthcare professionals can provide their patients with the best possible care, helping to reduce the prevalence of oral candidiasis in individuals who use implant-retained dentures.

The Triple Layer Graft Protocol to Repair Esthetically Compromised Implants: Rationale, Technique, Indications, and Contraindications.

These two clinical case reports show the use of the Triple Layer Graft procedure along with the Decoronation procedure to help restore normal contour and height of tissue The procedure was highly effective at restoring the esthetics that the patients needed on their implants. Short and long term results along with the step by step technique are shown. Two patients of 33 and 25 years of age both had significant reduction in the height over their implants in the #7 and #10 locations. The first patient had the implants placed 15 years ago and the second patient had them done 5 years before our treatment. Current techniques to remedy esthetic issues created by malpositioned implants consist of soft and/or hard tissue grafting but tend to be utilized independently of each other in discrete procedures as opposed to being combined in one surgical protocol. The Triple Layer Graft (TLG) surgical protocol is novel in that it incorporates all three layers of grafting to address both soft and hard tissue deficits in one procedure done at one time after doing a decoronation technique. The TLG surgical and prosthetic protocol has been previously published by these authors, but this article will discuss the rationale along with the technique and indications and contraindications, illustrated via case reports. The authors will also report on the long-term results of this technique. The Triple Layer Graft TLG) in combination with the Decoronation technique is an effective method in managing mild as well as severe esthetic defects over the facial of previously placed implants. The Triple Layer Graft will allow implants that were previously removed in order to place a new implant along with ridge augmentation may be able to be saved. This is a wonderful procedure for the patient since the implant does not have to be removed and replaced.

Use of Augmentative and Alternative Communication Technology to Retrain Attention and Enhance Functional Communication Following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Clinical Case Report

Purpose: This case report outlines the use of high-tech assistive technology in the form of an augmentative and alternative communication device to assess and treat a veteran with severe speech, language, and cognitive impairments status post severe blast injury. Method: The patient is a right-handed male Veteran of the United States Marine Corps who sustained catastrophic injury after stepping on a dismounted improvised explosive device. He presented to the outpatient clinic 4 years status post injury for continued speech, language, and cognitive interventions. Based on assessments and observations, the patient was diagnosed with spastic anarthria, probable apraxia of speech, aphasia, and attentional impairments. His functional communication was restricted to limited facial expression and eye movements interpreted by those who knew him well. This case reviews the detailed informal and novel assessment techniques and training methods used to implement high-tech assistive technologies as part of the rehabilitation plan designed to enhance functional communication. Results: Through systematic instruction and retraining visual and sustained attention, the patient was able to engage meaningfully with a high-tech device to increase functional personal choice when supported by a partner. Conclusion: This case demonstrates the role high-tech assistive technologies can play in the rehabilitation and functional communication efforts for persons with severe traumatic brain injury and cerebrovascular accidents.

Emergence of Streptococcus suis infection from Goa, India

Abstract Streptococcus suis is an emerging zoonotic bacterium that causes severe invasive disease in humans. In India, only two human case reports have been recorded till now. In the present report, we described the clinical case report along with an epidemiological investigation of the first S. suis case from Goa, India. The clinical presentation and detailed history regarding the potential exposure factors for the infection were recorded and to trace the source of the infection, the meat markets and the backyard piggeries in the vicinity of the patient’s residence were investigated. Case definitions were formulated and enhanced surveillance was initiated in the State to identify any additional cases. The case-patient was a co-morbid 63-year-old female, who was provisionally diagnosed with meningitis and septicaemia and S . suis infection was detected using automated microbial identification systems. The epidemiological investigation revealed that the patient was involved in handling raw pork one day prior to the symptom onset. Based on the active case finding, no additional case of S. suis was detected in the area. The present case was a sporadic case of S. suis in Goa, India and case-patient may have been exposed to the bacteria by handling raw pork while cooking. One Health impact statement Our investigation described the 3rd case of Streptococcous suis from India. This is significant because despite the abundance of the source of infection across the country i.e. high prevalence in the pig population, there are unusually low number of human cases, which can be attributed to very low clinical index of suspicion and lack of diagnostic tests in humans, as evidenced in the present case. A multi-disciplinary One Health approach has been applied for the present case investigation as the Human Health, Animal Health and Food Safety aspects were investigated in collaboration with the State Health & Animal Husbandry departments along with the academia. The findings of the present investigation will aid in enhancing the clinical index of suspicion among clinicians and awareness among high-risk groups like veterinarians for S. suis infection in humans and animals. The multi-disciplinary One Health approach aided us in tracing the source of the infection, which would help in generating evidence for designing preventive interventions.

Cannabinoids and General Anesthetics: Revisiting Molecular Mechanisms of Their Pharmacological Interactions.

Cannabis has been used for recreation and medical purposes for more than a millennium across the world; however, its use's consequences remain poorly understood. Although a growing number of surgical patients are regular cannabis consumers, little is known regarding the pharmacological interactions between cannabis and general anesthetics; consequently, there is not a solid consensus among anesthesiologists on the perioperative management of these patients. The existing evidence about the molecular mechanisms underlying pharmacological interactions between cannabinoids and anesthetic agents, both in animal models and in humans, shows divergent results. While some animal studies have demonstrated that phytocannabinoids (tetrahydrocannabinol [THC], cannabidiol [CBD], and cannabinol [CBN]) potentiate the anesthetic effects of inhalation and intravenous anesthetics, while others have found effects comparable with what has been described in humans so far. Clinical studies and case reports have consistently shown increased requirements of GABAergic anesthetic drugs (isoflurane, sevoflurane, propofol, midazolam) to achieve adequate levels of clinical anesthesia. Several potential molecular mechanisms have been proposed to explain the effects of these interactions. However, it is interesting to mention that in humans, it has been observed that the ingestion of THC enhances the hypnotic effect of ketamine. Animal studies have reported that cannabinoids enhance the analgesic effect of opioids due to a synergistic interaction of the endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) with the endogenous opioid system (EOS) at the spinal cord level and in the central nervous system. However, human data reveals that cannabis users show higher scores of postoperative pain intensity as well as increased requirements of opioid medication for analgesia. This review aims to improve understanding of the molecular mechanisms and pharmacological interactions between cannabis and anesthetic drugs and the clinical outcomes that occur when these substances are used together.

Does the Transillumination Technique Using a Diagnostic White Tip Influence the Degree of Conversion of the Infiltrant Resin? A Case Report With InVitro Insights: A New Technique to Improve the Predictability During the Application of Resin Infiltration: Transillumination Using a Diagnostic White Tip.

This study aimed to evaluate, through a case report combined with invitro study, whether a new diagnostic white tip for the transillumination technique during resin infiltration influences the procedure and degree of conversion (DC). A clinical case report demonstrated resin infiltration using the transillumination technique with a new white diagnostic tip (Radii Xpert LED diagnostic tip, SDI, Bayswater, VIC, AU) along with a light-curing device to enhance aesthetic results. An invitro study assessed the DC of two diagnostic white tips (Radii Xpert LED diagnostic tip [SDI, Bayswater, VIC, AU] and Valo Grand White Light Lens [Ultradent Prod., South Jordan, UT, USA]) compared to that achieved using conventional tips of both light-curing devices. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). The clinical case achieved complete masking of the white spot lesion. Invitro, the diagnostic white tips exhibited significantly lower DC values compared to conventional tips (p = 0.001), regardless of the light-curing unit. The diagnostic white tip used in the transillumination technique improves resin infiltration visibility without compromising the degree of conversion. The transillumination technique with the diagnostic white tip enables monitoring of resin infiltration while maintaining effective polymerization.

Successful Adjunctive Treatment of Bilateral Diffuse Uveal Melanocytic Proliferation (BDUMP) with High-Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy (IVIG).

Purpose: The management of bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation is controversial, with most earlier reports advocating for plasmapheresis. Here, we report a case of bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation secondary to gastric adenocarcinoma that was successfully treated with adjunctive intravenous immunoglobulin, using a loading dose followed by a treat-and-extend strategy. Methods: Clinical case report with 3 years of follow-up including serial ophthalmologic examinations. Functional assessments included visual acuity and subjective visual complaints. Periodic anatomic assessments were performed including serial optical coherence tomography, ultra-widefield fundus imaging, multimodal angiography, and ophthalmic ultrasound. Results: A 75-year-old man presented with a 6-month history of blurry vision and difficulty with dark and light adaptation in both eyes. A diagnosis of bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation was established based on clinical findings and subsequent discovery of an underlying gastric malignancy; the diagnosis of a paraneoplastic syndrome was further substantiated by documentation of cancer-associated antiretinal antibodies and serum reactivity against human retina by immunohistochemistry. Treatment with high-dose (2 g/kg) intravenous immunoglobulin was initiated with biweekly, followed by monthly, then q2-3 monthly dosing intervals. Meanwhile, the patient received surgical resection and systemic chemotherapy resulting in complete radiographic remission of the primary cancer. Over the course of 3 years, the patient has demonstrated clinically significant improvements in visual acuity and subjective visual function. Rapid and sustained anatomic improvements were observed in serous retinopathy and choroidal thickness. Conclusion: Intravenous immunoglobulin may be a viable adjunctive treatment option for some patients with bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation.

Multidisciplinary interventions in ectodermal dysplasia: A clinical case report

ABSTRACT Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is a spectrum of inherited disorders that compromise the development and function of ectodermal structures, like hair, nails, and teeth. This case report describes a 17-year-old male with sparse hair and cognitive difficulties who was diagnosed with ED in childhood. A multidisciplinary evaluation with dermatology, neurology, and dentistry revealed characteristic clinical features, and the histopathological diagnosis was confirmed via punch biopsy. Also, ED poses challenges beyond dermatologic manifestations, affecting cognitive function, psychological well-being, and nutrition. Multidisciplinary management, early diagnosis, and awareness are crucial for optimizing patient outcomes and exploring potential therapies.

Editorial for November/December Issue of AACE Clinical Case Reports

Editorial for November/December Issue of AACE Clinical Case Reports

Foix-Alajouanine syndrome: a comprehensive overview of rare but relevant diagnosis.

Foix-Alajouanine syndrome (FAS) is an uncommon neurological disorder marked by the gradual development of spinal cord congestion. First documented by Foix and Alajouanine in 1926. Although it is infrequent, delayed or misdiagnosis is nonetheless prevalent, resulting in inadequate therapy and unfavorable results. Using the PubMed database, MEDLINE, and EMBASE, we collected data on FAS patients and conducted a pooled analysis. The term 'FAS' was used to search for related articles. Our search was restricted to previous clinical case reports or series that were published in English. Non-English articles were excluded. We included the articles in the period from 1974 to 2024. Articles were eligible if the radiographic and clinical findings were indicative of FAS. A thorough research analysis was performed, examining case reports that specifically addressed this issue. This study examines the clinical symptoms, difficulties in diagnosis, methods of treatment, and outcomes related to FAS. FAS predominantly impacts the elderly population. A total of 26 patients were diagnosed with FAS. The median age of affected individuals was 53 (SD ±15.96). The ratio of males to females is roughly 5:1. The clinical manifestations encompass gradual muscle weakness and sensory impairments. The diagnosis is dependent on radiological evaluations, specifically MRI and digital subtraction angiography. Possible treatments include endovascular therapy, surgical closure of arteriovenous fistula, or a combination of the two. Significant improvements in neurological impairments can be achieved by early intervention. The diagnosis of FAS continues to be difficult due to its infrequency and varied clinical manifestations. Prompt and precise diagnosis is essential for proper intervention, typically utilizing endovascular or surgical methods. Additional research is required to determine prognostic markers and enhance long-term care techniques for this rare neurological condition.

Optimization and Implication of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Craniofacial Bone Regeneration and Repair

Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have emerged as a promising resource for craniofacial bone regeneration due to their high abundance and easy accessibility, significant osteogenic potential, versatile applications, and potential for personalized medicine, which underscore their importance in this field. This article reviews the current progress of preclinical studies that describe the careful selection of specific ADSC subpopulations, key signaling pathways involved, and usage of various strategies to enhance the osteogenic potential of ADSCs. Additionally, clinical case reports regarding the application of ADSCs in the repair of calvarial defects, cranio-maxillofacial defects, and alveolar bone defects are also discussed.

MENTOPLASTIA DE AVANÇO PARA CORREÇÃO DE RETRUSÃO MANDIBULAR – RELATO DE CASO.

The article addresses advancement mentoplasty as an effective solution for the correction of mandibular retrusion, a condition characterized by abnormal posterior positioning of the mandible, which has significant aesthetic and functional consequences. In this sense, the objective of this study was to construct a clinical case report, which describes the entire process of planning and performing the surgery in a 24-year-old patient who presented aesthetic complaints due to mandibular retrusion. The methodology used was case report and literature review, using articles published in the last 10 years to corroborate or refute the clinical findings. The surgical intervention involved an intraoral incision, chin osteotomy and fixation with a “Chin” plate with 6mm Advancement – System 2.0 (TRAUMEC).® The postoperative results indicated a significant improvement in facial harmony, in addition to an increase in the patient’s self-esteem. The study discusses the relevance of a detailed preoperative evaluation, emphasizing the importance of personalized surgical planning to ensure the effectiveness of the results. The reviewed literature corroborates the findings of the study, highlighting that advancement mentoplasty not only corrects mandibular retrusion but also improves patients’ quality of life by restoring facial aesthetics. The research contributes to the discussion on orthognathic surgery, reinforcing advancement mentoplasty as a safe and effective technique for the correction of mandibular anomalies, by combining functional and aesthetic aspects in its surgical approach. In addition, the use of three-dimensional technology in planning reinforces the precision and personalization of the treatment, ensuring long-lasting and aesthetically satisfactory results.

Prevalence of <i>Wuchereria bancrofti</i> and <i>Plasmodium Spp.</i> infection in <i>Anopheles</i> mosquitoes and human blood sampled from Matayos in Busia County, Western Kenya

INTRODUCTION Lymphatic filariasis and malaria are mosquito-borne diseases and are co-endemic in coastal Kenya. We evaluated the occurrence of co-infections with Wuchereria bancrofti and Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agents of Lymphatic filariasis and malaria, respectively, in humans and known Anopheles vectors from Matayos constituency, Busia County, western Kenya. MATERIALS AND METHODS The samples were collected purposively based on clinical case reports. Members of the An. gambiae and An. funestus species complexes present and the presence of W. bancrofti and P. falciparum were detected using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Positive PCR amplicons were purified and Sanger sequenced. RESULTS In this study, 292 Anopheles mosquitoes were analyzed, and 288 of these (98.63%) were successfully identified by PCR. The majority of mosquitoes identified belonged to the An. funestus complex (85.76%) while An. gambiae complex mosquitoes comprised 14.24%. Two W. bancrofti infections were detected in the mosquitoes, one each in An. leesoni and An. funestus s.s. with an infection rate of 0.46% and 4.17% respectively. No P. falciparum was detected in the mosquito or human blood samples and only 2 blood samples (2.17%) were positive for W. bancrofti. Phylogenetic analysis based on the sequenced 18S rRNA gene showed that all W. bancrofti sequences from this study shared a close relationship with W. bancrofti sequences distributed in other regions. No case of co-infection of P. falciparum and W. bancrofti was found in the mosquito or blood samples analyzed. CONCLUSION This study confirms the presence of W. bancrofti infection in the human population and mosquito vectors in Matayos. The study also indicated that the majority of Anopheles mosquitoes from the study area belong to An. funestus complex. This study recommends additional screening before Mass Drug Administration, and that mosquito control programs be strengthened in the study area.

Phosphocreatine in the treatment of chronic heart failure: Case report

Currently, there is a steady increase in the prevalence of chronic heart failure (CHF), as well as a high mortality rate associated with this condition, despite the implementation of rational pharmacotherapy. The use of quadrotherapy in clinical practice for the treatment of CHF contributes to the blocking of neurohumoral regulation by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathoadrenal systems, which leads to decrease in preand afterload and, respectively, to delayed and partial reverse remodeling of the heart chambers. However, these drugs don’t affect the energy metabolism of cardiomyocytes, which is still impaired in patients at the preclinical stage of CHF. In this regard, an important task of practical healthcare is the search for new schemes of a pathogenetic therapy of CHF. One of the promising directions is an adjuvant therapy, which is represented by phosphocreatine, a drug with a cardioprotective effect, proven in a large number of studies, which ensures the maintenance of myocardial energy metabolism. The use of phosphocreatin prevents further deterioration of the contractile function of the heart in patients with CHF, reduces the degree of damage to the cell membrane, improves microcirculation, and also has antiarrhythmic activity, which is especially significant in patients with a history of myocardial infarction. The drug not only improves the quality of life of patients by reducing the severity of symptoms, but also has been proven to increase myocardial contractility and reduce mortality. The purpose of the clinical case report is the description of adjuvant therapy results in a patient with CHF after using all pharmacotherapy reserves. The clinical case demonstrates the effectiveness of CHF treatment with phosphocreatine, confirmed by data from clinical, laboratory and instrumental examinations.

Phosphocreatine in the treatment of chronic heart failure: Case report

Currently, there is a steady increase in the prevalence of chronic heart failure (CHF), as well as a high mortality rate associated with this condition, despite the implementation of rational pharmacotherapy. The use of quadrotherapy in clinical practice for the treatment of CHF contributes to the blocking of neurohumoral regulation by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and sympathoadrenal systems, which leads to decrease in preand afterload and, respectively, to delayed and partial reverse remodeling of the heart chambers. However, these drugs don’t affect the energy metabolism of cardiomyocytes, which is still impaired in patients at the preclinical stage of CHF. In this regard, an important task of practical healthcare is the search for new schemes of a pathogenetic therapy of CHF. One of the promising directions is an adjuvant therapy, which is represented by phosphocreatine, a drug with a cardioprotective effect, proven in a large number of studies, which ensures the maintenance of myocardial energy metabolism. The use of phosphocreatin prevents further deterioration of the contractile function of the heart in patients with CHF, reduces the degree of damage to the cell membrane, improves microcirculation, and also has antiarrhythmic activity, which is especially significant in patients with a history of myocardial infarction. The drug not only improves the quality of life of patients by reducing the severity of symptoms, but also has been proven to increase myocardial contractility and reduce mortality. The purpose of the clinical case report is the description of adjuvant therapy results in a patient with CHF after using all pharmacotherapy reserves. The clinical case demonstrates the effectiveness of CHF treatment with phosphocreatine, confirmed by data from clinical, laboratory and instrumental examinations.

Unraveling immune checkpoint inhibitors effects on atherosclerosis: mechanisms and preventive approaches

Abstract Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represent a novel and rapidly evolving field in cancer treatment. Despite increasing reports of accelerated atherosclerosis and ICI-related atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) events in clinical studies and case reports, there is a notable lack of data concerning the underlying mechanisms, appropriate monitoring, and potential interventions. Objectives To explore the role of ICIs in triggering and/or accelerating the atherosclerotic process, with a specific focus on the involvement of CD8+ T-cells. Additionally, we aimed to evaluate and compare the potential beneficial effects of statins and Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors on atherosclerosis under ICIs treatment. Methods Thirty 8-week-old C57BL mice were divided into six groups as follows: (1) Control, normal diet; (2) Control, atherogenic diet; (3) Atherogenic diet + anti PD-1; (4) Atherogenic diet + statins + anti-PD1; (5) Atherogenic diet + PCSK9-i + anti PD-1; (6) Atherogenic diet + PCSK9 inhibitors. At 16 weeks, the carotid arteries and heart were removed for histological examination, and serum was withdrawn for blood work and further analysis. Results Anti-PD1 treatment resulted in extensive lymphocytic infiltration of the carotid intima, primarily constituted of CD8+ T cells. This infiltration was significantly attenuated when statins or PCSK-9 inhibitors were used in conjunction with anti-PD1 treatment. Serum analysis for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by ELISA revealed no difference in CD4+ abundance between the groups. However, plasma CD8+ T cells were significantly increased with anti-PD1 treatment, and furthermore, when PCSK9 inhibitors were used in combination; but not when statins were used. Conclusion The induction of CD8+ T cell infiltration in the arterial carotid walls by anti-PD-1 was prevented with the use of either statins or PCSK9 inhibitors. In the plasma, while statins reduced the hyper-expression of CD8+ T cells observed under PD-1 treatment, PCSK9 inhibitors enhanced this expression. This may provide a first indication of the potential benefit of PCSK9 inhibitor treatment for both preventing arterial inflammation and enhancing the desired anti-tumor immune response under ICIs treatment. Figure legend: 1A. A cross-section of the carotid artery after 16 weeks of treatment, stained with H&E. Magnification is X100. 1B. A cross-section of the carotid artery after 16 weeks of treatment, stained with anti-CD8 Ab. Magnification is X100. 1C. quantitative CD8+ T cells staining in the carotid arteries. 1D. quantitative results of ELISA for plasma CD8+ T cells.

Evaluating the Role of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Enhancing Skin Graft Outcomes: Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Comparative Efficacy

Skin grafting is a critical procedure for treating skin defects from burns, trauma, and surgical interventions, yet complications such as ischemia, necrosis, and infection can limit graft success. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) has emerged as a promising adjunctive treatment that enhances skin graft viability through mechanisms including enhanced oxygenation, angiogenesis, reduced inflammation, and anti-infective effects. This review synthesizes findings from clinical studies, comparative analyses, and case reports to clarify HBOT’s efficacy in improving skin graft outcomes. Methods include a comprehensive analysis of HBOT’s impact on graft take rates, healing times, and complication rates. Results indicate that HBOT significantly improves graft survival by mitigating ischemia and infection, while comparative studies show a reduction in major amputations and improved healing in complex cases, such as diabetic foot ulcers and traumatic injuries. These findings suggest that HBOT can serve as a valuable adjunct to standard grafting procedures, offering a multifaceted approach to improve graft viability, especially in high-risk cases. This review highlights HBOT’s potential for integration into wound management protocols, providing a foundation for further exploration into its efficacy and applications in reconstructive surgery.