Context Of Climate Research Articles

Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems: A science mapping approach

<abstract> <p>Solar energy is one of the most important renewable energy sources due to its wide availability and applicability. One way to use this resource is by building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV). Therefore, it is essential to develop a scientific map of BIPV systems and a comprehensive review of the scientific literature that identifies future research directions. For that reason, the bibliometric research methodology enables the quantification and evaluation of the performance, quality and influence of the generated maps and their elements. In this regard, an analysis of the scientific production related to BIPV, indexed from 2001 to 2022, was carried out using the Scopus database. This was done using a scientific mapping approach via the SciMAT tool to analyze the co-occurrence of terms through clustering techniques. The BIPV was integrated with the themes of buildings, investments, numerical models, office buildings, photovoltaic modules, roofs, solar cells and zero-energy buildings. As photovoltaic technology progresses, the production of flexible PV elements is increasing in lieu of silicon substrate-based PV elements, and this is of current scientific interest. The evaluations of BIPVs in various climatic contexts are encouraging in warm and sunny climates. BIPVs demonstrated high-energy generation, while in temperate climates, BIPV windows exhibited a reduction in heating and cooling loads, indicating notable efficiency. Despite significant benefits, BIPVs face challenges such as upfront costs, integration complexities and durability concerns. Therefore, silicon solar cells are considered a cross-cutting theme within the BIPV research field. It is highlighted that this study provides a comprehensive scientific mapping and critical review of the literature in the field of BIPV systems. This bibliometric analysis not only quantifies the performance and quality of the generated maps but also identifies key thematic areas that have evolved.</p> </abstract>

European market structure for integrated home renovation support service: Scope and comparison of the different kind of one stop shops

<abstract> <p>While the retrofitting of the building stock seems to be an effective solution to reach the targets for 2049 greenhouse gas emission, the current rate and quality of work is still too low. This article first proposes a state-of-the-art methodology and a brief description of the barriers to renovation. The literature review identifies 26 major issues. Then, the one stop shops (OSS), which are introduced as a solution to these barriers, are described under different aspects according to their business model, the type of project owner targeted and the kind of services they offer with their support. Drawing on previous literature, this article proposes a classification framework. Then a comprehensive benchmark of 63 OSSs in Europe was conducted, allowing for a comparative analysis of the distribution of OSSs models across various countries and territories; it highlights the existing need in all countries, but also the disparity of support being provided. This examination revealed that selecting an appropriate OSS model cannot be solely based on factors like scope, ownership, or the existence of other OSSs. In the final section, a correlation study is made between several criteria (energy consumption and type, urbanization rate, construction date, climatic context, renovation rate etc.) that have been identified as being potentially indicative of renovation activities. The objective of this work is to provide an overview of the current context and emphasize effective strategies to accelerate the pace of renovation. By identifying and addressing the unique needs and challenges in each specific context, the goal is to promote efficient and streamlined renovation processes.</p> </abstract>

Propuestas de manejo de Propiedad Intelectual para los retos del sector vitivinícola en sostenibilidad y para enfrentar el cambio climático

This research studies the functioning of three categories of intellectual property that have the potential of helping out the vitivinicultural sector to face the sustainability and climate change challenges without losing their distinctiveness and reputation in the market. Specifically, we review the geographical indications, denominations of origin and certificate trademarks. These intellectual categories refer to the prestige of products, in regard to their origin. But their scope and functioning are different. We study the advantages and obstacles that the denominations of origin face in Mexico in other productive sectors. We contrast these elements with those of geographical indication and certification trademarks, to assess which of these categories involve a more appropriate operation to distinguish wine products that comply with the OIV sustainability principles. Our contribution portrays two proposals based on the national and international legal context of Mexico. For instance, the more recent Treaty between Mexico, United States and Canada, for the first time in the region, recognizes certification trademarks (article 20.18) and indications of origin (article 20.29). It should be noted that, even though the geographical indication is a category that already exists among the wine sector in other OIV member countries, GIs and certification trademarks were recently recognized within the national legislation in Mexico in 2018. Hence, these categories of intellectual property are not yet in use in the national wine sector that is on the rise in the country. Therefore, it is relevant to evaluate which of them may contribute facing the mentioned challenges; the proposals of this research are: Firstly, the possibility of establishing a certification trademark for those products that comply with the principles of sustainability is analyzed. For this purpose, it is important that the rules of operation of the certification trademark have flexible conditions that can be easily updated to the social and climatic context that may occur in each harvest. The second proposal reviews the possibility of establishing a cross-border geographical indication, to distinguish wine products from California in USA and Baja California, Mexico. If the conditions of the legal framework are feasible for such GI, the producers in this territory may collaborate to deal with their different needs, having a distinctive sign in common, with which the consumer can identify this production area. Each of the proposals generate different alternatives that intent to give the necessary flexibilities the vitivinicultur sector need to accommodate the climate change conditions of each harvest, but preserving the umbrella distinctiveness for small-scale producers in the market. This research will develop its hypothesis through the study of the intellectual property international framework that applies for Mexico, together with the literature that has been developed regarding the indications of origin in the vitivinicultural sector.

The Influence of the Thermal Conduction and Detail Development Process in Architecture

During the architectural design process, it is particularly important to emphasize the aspect of the heat flow in buildings. Therefore, by raising the question of the heat flow in buildings, we perform an in-depth examination of the following parameters: climate conditions, material characteristics, and thermal conduction. For the most part, the research will focus on examining the thermal conductivity, and materiality applied in buildings throughout the design process. In other words, this study will demonstrate several key points: (a) analyze the proposed methodology, and challenges within the architectural design process based on the climate context; (b) associate each of the stages with diverse parameters; (c) represent three separate structures situated in different climate zones and, (d) finally, the driving factors affecting the architectural design development process. The research is primarily driven by the idea of bringing together two aspects: the sustainable treatment of the buildings and environmental awareness in architecture. Finally, this study merges two approaches within the design development process: technical and environmental. Therefore, the main focus of this study is placed on the technical and technological aspects of the detail in architecture. Based on these two approaches, three architectural design proposals are demonstrated.

How can we confront climate denial? Critical literacy+, eco‐civic practices, and inquiry

AbstractWhile scientific consensus about human‐caused climate change has been clear for decades, denial of this science and denial about the need for timely, responsive action continue in the United States and around the world. The Climate Denial Inquiry Model can help educators grapple with the complex components of this denial with critical literacy+ and eco‐civic practices of deliberation, reflexivity, and counter‐narration to help investigate climate denial texts, stories, contexts, and philosophies. This charts a pathway toward ecojustice‐centered stories‐To‐live by.

Teaching Nature and Architecture: Student-Led Account of Biomimicry Innovations in the Tropics

The built environment has a huge carbon footprint, and decarbonizing it is essential in driving our sustainability efforts. We take the approach of biomimicry by working with Master of Architecture students from Taylor's University in Malaysia. The students partake in a 14-week Nature and Architecture design module at the university where they develop biomimicry solutions for the built environment with a focus on sustainability. The students undergo a three-step process of scoping the design problem in the tropical climate and urban context, researching the biological literature, abstracting design ideas, and finally, developing prototypes. The module presents an opportunity for students to study nature and immerse in experiential learning in the megadiverse geographies of Malaysia and wider tropical southeast Asia. This paper describes the student works developed in various module runs from 2017 to 2022 under the supervision of the authors. Selected student projects were analyzed thematically, curated, and classified by frequently occurring themes. Finally, their design implications and challenges faced are presented. We found the following five themes to be most commonly chosen by the students-thermoregulation, structure making, water management, daylighting and ventilation, and transport and mobility. Lastly, we also conducted postgraduation student surveys on their learnings from the module. Through our synthesis, we discuss how student works can bridge the gap of applying biomimicry into practice and the limitations thereof in mainstreaming the practice in the built environment of tropical southeast Asia.

Developing a guide to climate & health justice education: Process and content.

Climate justice and health education can address the disproportionate health impacts of climate change on minoritized communities by providing frameworks to build awareness and instigate action on climate-related health inequities. The Envisioning Environmental Equity Educator's Guide to Climate and Health Justice provides a framework for educators, activists and health professionals to lead lessons on health and climate justice that center the experiences of those Most Affected People and Areas (MAPA) by climate change. Collaborators in Brazil, the Philippines, and Uganda engaged in stakeholder meetings to assess priorities and needs about climate and health with policymakers, doctors, activists, and students. These meetings informed the product: An educator's guide to climate and health justice that explores their dynamics from an anti-racist, anti-colonial approach. The guide serves as a recommended lesson framework fit with concepts, examples, and activities for educators teaching in primary and secondary learning settings. It is an innovative climate and health justice educational resource that draws on principles of anti-colonialism, critical thinking and consciousness, and engaged pedagogy. It offers a strategy for climate justice communication that targets diverse audiences across climate, health and social contexts by promoting educational approaches that center MAPA experiences, fit for diverse audiences.

Energy performance of green façades

Green façades consist of the application of vegetation on buildings' vertical enve-lope. The integration of vegetation into the building fabric improves not only the aesthetic appearance, but also the energy performance of the building itself. The introduction of green façades mainly aims at a passive thermal control of build-ings' for enhancing sustainability of the built environment. An experimental green façade was tested at the University of Bari, in a Mediterranean climate context. The experimental green façade was south-exposed and realized with evergreen plants, following the characteristics of the indirect typology. A portion of the south wall was left bare to be used as a control for comparison. The contribution of the green façade in terms of passive climate control was particularly relevant during summer. Vegetation affects the boundary climatic conditions and the surface temperature. A reduction in sensible air and surface temperature of up to 2.2°C and 6.7°C, respectively, was recorded. The wall behind vegetation received 95.6% less solar radiative energy than the bare wall. These results were a direct conse-quence of the two main cooling mechanisms that characterize the green façade, the evapotranspiration and the shading effect. These effects affected the heat transfer reducing the energy input through the covered wall. The reduction of the incoming heat through the covered wall was read as energy saving, since it inevita-bly affects the building energy demand for cooling. It was found that the green fa-çade allowed a mean daily energy saving of 1.1 MJ m-2 and that 90.9% of this was obtained at daytime. These findings contribute to increasing the knowledge of en-ergy functioning and of the real advantages provided by green façades.

Investigating the Relationship between Climate and Hospital Admissions for Respiratory Diseases before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil

This study aimed to analyze meteorological variables versus hospital admissions for respiratory diseases for the age groups of children under five and the elderly (over 65 years of age) in different climate regions of Brazil, for the years 2018 and 2020, i.e., before and after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of the study was, on one hand, to evaluate the influence of weather variables on respiratory disease in humans, and on the other hand, take into account two years with differing dynamics due to a worldwide pandemic that significantly changed people’s lifestyles. The human biometeorological index (Universal Thermal Climate Index, UTCI) was used as representative of the integral association of meteorological variables. UTCI data were obtained from the ERA5-HEAT reanalysis database, which provides hourly grid data with a spatial resolution of 0.25° × 0.25°. The Brazilian cities Manaus, Brasilia and Porto Alegre, which represent different climatic contexts in the country, were used in the analysis. The method compared temperature and climate reanalysis data to hospital admission data for respiratory diseases, obtained from the Brazilian Unified Health System database (DATASUS), according to the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Edition (ICD-10). Correlation analysis was performed between variables (hospital admissions versus climate-related data) in order to identify associations between them, also accounting for different time-lag effects. We analyzed seasonal influences on the obtained correlations, correlation strength and direct or inverse relationships. Results showed that the pandemic interfered in the association between morbidity due to respiratory illnesses and climate-related variables.

Evaluation of the Urban Heat Island of 12 cities of France in a high-resolution regional climate model simulation

The evolution with climate change of local urban climate could exacerbate the environmental and health issues for populations. The CNRM-AROME Convection-Permitting Regional Climate Model (CP-RCM) was coupled to the Town Energy Balance (TEB) urban canopy model at 2.5-km of horizontal resolution to explicitly account for the physical urban-climate processes in interaction with the regional climate conditions. A hindcast simulation over 2000-2018 was analyzed to investigate the potential of this new high-resolution configuration for urban-oriented studies. The simulated urban climate of twelve French cities located in contrasted geographic and climatic contexts was evaluated against observations on a climatological basis. The study of the local atmospheric conditions for each city shows that CNRM-AROME systematically overestimates the incoming solar radiation and precipitation (except in summer), explaining partially the warm(cold) biases in minimum(maximum) daily temperatures. Nevertheless, CNRM-AROME reproduces the UHIN seasonal variability and intensity over most cities, and the regional disparities related to the climatic zones to which the cities belong. The urban climate of coastal cities remains challenging to simulate due to complex local forcings and excessive warm and dry conditions simulated in summer. Overall, the coupling of CNRM-AROME with TEB stands as a relevant tool for studying city-scale weather conditions.

SolarGAN: Synthetic annual solar irradiance time series on urban building facades via Deep Generative Networks

Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) is a promising technology to decarbonize urban energy systems via harnessing solar energy available on building envelopes. While methods to assess solar irradiation, especially on rooftops, are well established, the assessment on building facades usually involves a higher effort due to more complex urban features and obstructions. The drawback of existing physics-based simulation programs are that they require significant manual modeling effort and computing time for generating time resolved deterministic results. Yet, solar irradiation is highly intermittent and representing its inherent uncertainty may be required for designing robust BIPV energy systems. Targeting on these drawbacks, this paper proposes a data-driven model based on Deep Generative Networks (DGN) to efficiently generate stochastic ensembles of annual hourly solar irradiance time series on building facades with uncompromised spatiotemporal resolution at the urban scale. The only input required are easily obtainable fisheye images as categorical shading masks captured from 3D models. In principle, even actual photographs of urban contexts can be utilized, given they are semantically segmented. The potential of our approach is that it may be applied as a surrogate for time-consuming simulations, when facing lacking information (e.g., no 3D model exists), and to use the generated stochastic time-series ensembles in robust energy systems planning. Our validations exemplify a good fidelity of the generated time series when compared to the physics-based simulator. Due to the nature of the used DGNs, it remains an open challenge to precisely reconstruct the ground truth one-to-one for each hour of the year. However, we consider the benefits of the approach to outweigh the shortcomings. To demonstrate the model’s relevance for urban energy planning, we showcase its potential for generative design by parametrically altering characteristic features of the urban environment and producing corresponding time series on building facades under different climatic contexts in real-time.

Towards a Wind Urbanism in Tropical Environments

One of the conditions for the proper functioning of passive comfort in humid tropical environments is access to natural ventilation in buildings. This notion of access to natural ventilation has taken on its full meaning during the current health crisis.
 Based on this observation established by a rich literature, we asked ourselves how to ensure the sustainability of the good functioning of natural ventilation in a humid tropical environment of a building in a built complex? This questioning led us to show the importance of the context through various dimensions: the chain of natural ventilation, the programmatic context, the climatic and geographical context, the regulatory context.
 Taking these parameters into account has allowed us, in the context of a case study, the eco-district Cœur de ville de La Possession, on the island of La Réunion, to develop a new conceptual approach associating urban planning and aeraulic engineering from the beginning of the design process for maximum efficiency.
 To this end, we initiated a new approach based on: co-design, the use of physical wind tunnel simulation at different scales, the integration of environmental, architectural and landscape recommendations at the scale of the district and of the buildings making up this district, in an enforceable urban planning regulation. This has enabled us, within the framework of this eco-district, to develop the concept of the right to natural ventilation, of the windy city and of the guarantee over time of the preservation of this potential.
 The transcription of this approach in other eco-neighbourhoods in a tropical environment seems to us to be a major challenge to be considered and which could even be extended to other climatic zones, in the context of current global warming.

Quantitative climatic reconstruction and prehistoric human subsistence strategy evolution since the mid-Holocene in Nenjiang river Basin, Northeastern China

Quantitative paleoclimate reconstructions can provide crucial climate context to test the hypothesis of climatic impact on prehistoric human activities. However, the climate change in Nenjiang River Basin is poorly understood due to the lack of reliable paleoclimate records. In this study, we report paired quantitative temperature (MAAT0) and soil pH records based on the branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (brGDGTs) since the mid-Holocene in an alluvial sedimentary sequence near the Honghe Neolithic site in the middle reaches of Nenjiang River Basin. The result of MAAT0 shows an obvious cooling interval at 6.5–4.0 kyr BP, which is consistent with paleotemperature reconstruction results in EASM margin. The strengthened westerlies may play a crucial role in shaping the cooling mid-Holocene in EASM margin. The soil pH variations yield a peak at 6.0–3.5 kyr BP, which is roughly consistent with other precipitation reconstruction from northeastern China. From the middle Neolithic to Bronze period, the prehistoric humans gradually settled in Nenjiang River Basin. Cool-wet climate during 6.0–4.0 kyr BP provide enough water & wildlife resources and broader space for human survival and thus prompted the settlement and cultivation development. With the deterioration of the climate since 4.0 kyr BP, the ancient inhabitants have to move southward along the Nenjiang River to lower reaches to find more suitable places for settlement.

Solving a ‘puzzle’. The global 4.2 ka Bond Event at El Mirador cave (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain) and the importance of small mammal taphonomy to the interpretation of past environments and their climatic controls

The regional climatic context in which Chalcolithic (MIR5) and Bronze Age (MIR4) levels from El Mirador cave (Sierra de Atapuerca, Burgos, Spain) are framed is affected by the 4.2 ka cal. BP event, a global event defined as a cooling and aridification phase. Previous works based on palaeoenvironmental inferences indicate conflicting results regarding the possible impact of the event on vegetation and small mammals from MIR5. Pollen record illustrates a possible aridification episode that could match with the 4.2 ka cal. BP event, while the signal of this event is not clearly recorded in the small mammal assemblage, which indicates more humid environmental conditions than pollen record. Taphonomic analyses confirmed that the small mammal assemblages from MIR4 and MIR5 are the result of predation, supporting the involvement of European eagle owls ( Bubo bubo) in its formation. This avian raptor shows a marked preference for hunting animals living in the more open and wetter parts of their hunting range. Likewise, spontaneous specialisation on abundant prey species could also be observed under certain environmental conditions. This characteristic behaviour of eagle owls may have provided the contradictory results observed between the small mammal assemblage and palynological evidence. Nonetheless, taphonomic analyses also provided information about climatic conditions and fluctuations along time. The low incidence of manganese coatings and carbonate crusts deposits in small mammal bone remains from MIR5 support the presence of arid conditions during the formation of this level, which agreed with the aridification phase probably related to the 4.2 ka Bond Event inferred by palynological data from MIR5. These results provided a more robust conclusion about the paleoenvironmental contexts during the formation of Chalcolithic and Bronze Age levels at El Mirador cave.

Fluctuations of the Universidad Glacier in the Andes of central Chile (34° S) during the latest Holocene derived from a 10Be moraine chronology

The reconstruction of glacier fluctuations during the latest Holocene (<1000 years) is necessary for understanding the climate context preceding the warmer conditions of the 20th and 21st centuries. The glacier records in the Andes of central Chile are suitably located to track former latitudinal changes of the Southern Westerly Winds (SSW), which are mostly unknown at this middle latitude region. Here, we present a reconstruction of the glacial fluctuations using Terrestrial Cosmogenic Nuclides (10Be) dating of boulders resting on moraines and other glacial landforms that make up the moraine complex in the forefield of the Universidad Glacier (34° S). This massive and chaotic-looking moraine was built during the latest Holocene ice advances and subsequent decay of the Universidad Glacier to its present position. Geomorphological mapping and 10Be surface exposure ages (n = 20) show that the Universidad Glacier advanced at least twice to nearly the same maximum extent, first by the 13th to 16th centuries and then by the early to the mid-19th century. Since then, eight moraine ridges denote a rather active and gradual ice demise. We interpret the glacier advances as a response to an equatorward shift of the SWW linked to a long-term negative phase of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), which embraced net humid and cold atmospheric conditions in central Chile between the 13th century and the mid-19th century. Our glacier chronology is comparable to others from Patagonia and New Zealand, altogether exposing the culmination of the latest Holocene glacial maximum by the mid-19th century, before overall ice decay in a global warming world, with accelerated ice loss since the mid-20th century.

Tropical Indian Ocean basin hydroclimate at the Mid- to Late-Holocene transition and the double drying hypothesis

The spatial pattern of Holocene climate anomalies is crucial to determining the mechanisms of change, distinguishing between unforced and forced climate variability, and understanding potential impacts on past and future human societies. The 4.2 ka event is often regarded as one of the largest and best documented abrupt climate disturbances of the Holocene. Yet outside the data-rich Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes, the global pattern of climate anomalies is uncertain. In this study we investigate the spatial and temporal variability of the tropical Indian Ocean hydroclimate at the Mid- to Late-Holocene transition. We conducted Monte-Carlo principal component analysis, considering full age uncertainty, on ten high-resolution, precisely dated paleohydroclimate records from around the tropical Indian Ocean basin, all growing continuously or almost continuously between 5 and 3 kyr BP. The results indicate the dominant mode of variability in the region was a drying between 3.97 kyr BP (±0.08 kyr standard error) and 3.76 kyr BP (±0.07 kyr standard error) with dry conditions lasting for an additional 300 years in some records, and a permanent change in others. This drying in PC1, which we interpret as a proxy of summer monsoon variability, fits with a previously recognised tropic wide change in hydroclimate around 4.0 kyr BP. An abrupt event from 4.2 to 3.9 kyr BP is seen locally in individual records but lacks regional coherence.A lack of apparent 4.2 ka event in tropical Indian Ocean hydroclimate has ramifications for climate variability in the Indus valley, and for the Harappan civilization. Through a comparison of existing Indian subcontinent paleoclimate records, upstream climatic variability in the Indian Summer Monsoon and winter Westerly Disturbances source regions, and modern climatology, we present the “Double Drying hypothesis”. A winter rainfall drying between 4.2 and 3.9 kyr BP was followed by a summer rainfall drying between 3.97 kyr BP and at least 3.4 kyr BP. The Double Drying hypothesis provides more detailed climatic context for the Harappan civilization, resolves the cropping paradox, and fits the spatial-temporal pattern of urban abandonment. The consequences for the new Mid- to Late-Holocene Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point in a stalagmite from Meghalaya are explored.

Elevation Gradients Limit the Antiphase Trend in Vegetation and Its Climate Response in Arid Central Asia

Vegetation in arid central Asia (ACA) has been experiencing significant changes due to substantial warming and humidification since the 1980s. These changes are inhomogeneous due to the ecological vulnerability and topographic complexity of ACA. However, the heterogeneity of vegetation changes has received limited attention in the literature, which has focused more on the region’s overall general features. Thus, this paper analyzes the regional heterogeneity of vegetation changes during the growing season in ACA and further explores their underlying drivers. The results reveal an antiphase trend of vegetation, with an increase in eastern ACA and a decrease in western ACA. This antiphase pattern is primarily constrained by the divergent hydrothermal and climatic contexts of different elevation gradients. At elevations higher than 300 m (in the eastern ACA), increased growing season precipitation dominates vegetation greening. Conversely, vegetation at elevations lower than 300 m (in western ACA) is influenced by growing season soil water, which is driven by winter precipitation (pre-growing season precipitation). Additionally, the temperature could indirectly impact vegetation trends by altering precipitation, soil water, glaciers, snow cover, and runoff. Our findings have implications for restoring the ecosystem and sustainable development in ACA.

An evaluation of violence prevention education in healthcare

BackgroundAn issue of international concern, violence towards healthcare workers from patients and visitors negatively affects the safety and health of workers and the quality of care they deliver. The principal intervention to address violence has been violence prevention (VP) educational programs for healthcare workers. Evaluating the overall effectiveness of VP education has been difficult due to pervasive underreporting of incidents, the complexity of healthcare settings, and the varying reasons for violence. MethodsA theory-driven, realist evaluation was conducted to examine the conditions under which VP education is effectively learned and applied in emergency department (ED) settings. Nine research sites included three rural, three community and three urban, tertiary care hospital EDs. Data from individual and focus group interviews with 136 participants was used to test a program theory (PT) of why and how VP education works, for whom, under what circumstances. ResultsThe initial program theory of VP education was based on a realist literature review and input from content experts. Qualitative data from the evaluation refined the initial program theory, yielding 15 explanations for how and why educational and workplace contexts influence ED workers' learning and application of VP knowledge and skills—ultimately reducing the risk of violence. While the explanations result from individual worker’s perspectives of VP education, they are situated in a broader context of organizational safety climate including organizational leaders’ response to employees’ experiences with violence and feelings of physical and psychosocial safety. ConclusionsThis research provides practical evidence for healthcare stakeholders to inform education, policy and practice decisions to increase the VP education effectiveness.

A Non-Invasive Method of Estimating Populations of Tomicus Piniperda on Scots Pine (Pinus Sylvestris L.).

The fully non-invasive method presented here can be used to evaluate Tomicus piniperda L. population sizes in areas subject to strict protection. Data were collected in 2021-2022 in forests containing P. sylvestris, with different stand structures, in the Suchedniowsko-Oblęgorski Landscape Park, Poland. Entomological analyses were carried out on natural traps made from live uncolonised trees. Stepwise regression was used to describe the size of T. piniperda populations. From a set of features representing stem colonisation parameters, stem traits and habitat, the following had a significant effect (p &lt; 0.05) on the total number of galleries of T. piniperda on stems: (1) the number of T. piniperda maternal tunnels in the sixth stem section covering 2.5% of the total length, (2) the length of the stem section with bark thickness greater than 7 mm, and (3) stand structure (homogeneous Scots pine stands). The model can explain 93% (Radj2=0.9333) of the variability in the total number of T. piniperda galleries on trap trees. The mean relative error of estimation is 20.1%. The proposed method is particularly valuable in a climate context. The data obtained enable the prediction of the direct effects of climate change on the population dynamics of T. piniperda in natural forests.

The future of creativity research: Where are we, and where should we go

Over the course of the last thirty years, we have made substantial progress in our understanding of creative problem-solving and creative performance. As is always the case, however, progress in our research raises as many new questions as answers. In the present effort, we examine key findings that have emerged in key areas of creativity research including abilities, creative problem-solving processes, creative thinking skills, personality, social interactions, work climate, and environmental context. In each area we examine new questions arising from prior research. Directions for future research on creative performance are also discussed.