Climate Relationships Research Articles

Climate and aridity measures relationships with spectral vegetation indices across desert fringe shrublands in the South-Eastern Mediterranean Basin

Mediterranean regions are hot spots of climate change, where the expected decrease in water resources threatens the sustainability of shrublands at their arid margins. Studying spectral vegetation indices' relationships with rainfall and potential evapotranspiration (PET) changes across Mediterranean to arid transition zones is instrumental for developing methods for mapping and monitoring the effects of climate change on desert fringe shrublands. Here we examined relationships between 17 spectral vegetation indices (VIs) and four climate and aridity measures, i.e., rainfall, PET, aridity index (AI), and water deficit (WD), calculated at accumulation lags between 1 and 6months. For this purpose, VIs for 38 sites (100 × 100m each) representing less disturbed areas were extracted from Sentinel 2A images for 3years with high (2016), low (2017), and average (2018) annual rainfall. Most of the VIs had shown the highest correlation with the four climate and aridity measures at 2-month accumulation interval. While NDVI relationships with climate measures gained the widest use, our data suggest that indices combining NIR and SWIR bands better correlate with climate parameters. AI is one of the leading annual measures of dryness worldwide; when calculating it monthly, WD was found to represent better the balance between precipitation and PET across the climate transition zone and to be better correlated with VIs. Relationships between NIR and SWIR VIs and water deficit may thus facilitate improvements in monitoring and mapping desert fringe shrublands' responses to climate change if supported by similar results from other areas.

Evolutionary history and global angiosperm species richness–climate relationships

AbstractAimClimate has been regarded as an important explanation for large‐scale species richness patterns. However, the mechanisms underlying the significant variations in species richness–climate relationships across different clades remain to be tested. We explored how niche conservatism, diversification rates and time for speciation influenced species richness–climate relationships between clades.LocationThe globe.Time PeriodPresent day.Major Taxa StudiedAngiosperms.MethodsBased on a newly complied database of the global distributions of 288,735 angiosperm species, we used generalized linear models to assess the relationships between species richness of different angiosperm families and climatic factors. We also conducted phylogenetic comparative analysis to test whether niche conservatism, diversification rates and time for speciation affect the variations in species richness–climate relationships.ResultsWe found that temperature seasonality dominated the global angiosperm diversity patterns. Closely related families had more similar species richness–climate relationships than distantly related ones. The discrepancy between the current and ancestral niches of different clades had much stronger effects on variations in species richness–climate relationships than diversification rates and time for speciation. With the increase in the discrepancy between current and ancestral niches, the explanatory power (i.e., R2) of contemporary temperature and precipitation in explaining species richness patterns increased.Main ConclusionsOverall, our findings strongly support that niche conservatism dominates the variations in species richness–climate relationships across taxonomic groups. These findings allow better understanding on how large‐scale species diversity patterns are formed.

Climate response of Picea schrenkiana based on tree-ring width and maximum density

The effect of global warming on alpine forests is complex. It is crucial, therefore, to investigate the effects of climate change on the radial growth of trees at different altitudes. The tree growth–climate relationship remains poorly understood at large spatial scales in the Tianshan Mountains, China. Schrenk spruce (P. schrenkiana) is a unique tree species to this area. In this study, we collected tree-ring width and maximum density data from nine plots along an altitudinal gradient. Results showed that altitude affected both tree-ring width and maximum density. At high altitudes, tree-ring width was positively correlated with temperature in February of the current year. Tree-ring width was also positively correlated with precipitation in July of the previous year, and January and July of the current year, and negatively correlated with the monthly diurnal temperature range (DTR). At low altitudes, tree-ring width was negatively correlated with temperature in the early growing season and the growing season. Tree-ring width was positively correlated with precipitation in June and September of the previous year, and May of the current year. The tree-ring maximum density was positively correlated with temperature and the DTR of the growing season, and negatively correlated with precipitation in winter and growing season. Moving correlation analysis showed that the positive response of tree-ring width to precipitation in the growing season was enhanced over time at high altitudes. In the low-altitude trees, the negative response of tree-ring width to temperature in the growing season was reduced, while the positive response to precipitation in the growing season was enhanced. The positive response relationship between tree-ring maximum density and the temperature in July weakened over time. At low altitudes, the negative response of tree-ring maximum density to winter precipitation was strengthened, and a stable negative response to July precipitation was observed. As the climate becomes wetter and warmer in the Tianshan Mountains, our results suggest that the radial growth of trees may benefit at elevations above 2400 m a.s.l. There was no obvious elevation limit for the increase in tree-ring maximum density. These findings provide a basis for sustainable forest management under global climate change.

The Relationship of Emotional Intelligence, Organizational Climate, and Interpersonal Communication to the Performance of Elementary School Teachers in Simpur District, Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency

This study aims to analyze the direct and indirect relationship of emotional intelligence, organizational climate, and interpersonal communication to the performance of primary school teachers in Simpur District, South Hulu Sungai Regency. The method used in this study is quantitative research method. The population of this study was 188 teachers. The sample of this study was 127 teachers with the Proportional Random Sampling technique. Data collection instruments are questionnaires consisting of emotional intelligence (39), organizational climate (36), and interpersonal communication (35) that have met the requirements of validity and reliability tests. Teacher performance data is taken from PKG. Data analysis to test hypotheses using path analysis. The results of this study are that there are a direct relationship emotional intelligence with teacher performance, organizational climate with teacher performance, interpersonal communication with teacher performance, emotional intelligence with interpersonal communication, organizational climate with interpersonal communication, and indirect relationships of emotional intelligence through interpersonal communication with teacher performance and organizational climate through interpersonal communication with teacher performance

The Relationship of Emotional Intelligence, Organizational Climate, and Interpersonal Communication to the Performance of Elementary School Teachers in Simpur District, Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency

The Relationship of Emotional Intelligence, Organizational Climate, and Interpersonal Communication to the Performance of Elementary School Teachers in Simpur District, Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency

A 5500-year record of coastal dune evolution along the shores of Lake Michigan in the North American Great Lakes: The relationship of lake-level fluctuations and climate

Dune fields line much of the ∼1750-km long shore of Lake Michigan that extends from northwestern Indiana, north along the west coast of Lower Michigan, and west across southern Upper Michigan. Numerous geomorphic studies at specific sites or defined coastal reaches have demonstrated that dune formation began during the Nipissing maximum (∼5500–4500 calendar year Before Present (cal yr BP) and continued episodically to the present. Dune formation in these geographically confined areas is linked mostly to high lake stages and periods of increased storminess. Some recent research has also invoked drought as a potential causal mechanism on a site-specific basis. Although more than 250 collective absolute carbon-14 (14C) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages have been acquired in these many studies, a comprehensive statistical assessment of this robust dataset has yet to be conducted to reconstruct a full chronological reconstruction of dune evolution.This study statistically analyzes the dataset of all known OSL (118) and 14C ages (175) acquired directly from sand dunes. Application of a kernel density estimation (KDE) algorithm function to both datasets revealed the temporal patterns in the ages. Analysis of OSL ages indicates three major periods of dune growth, beginning between ∼5.0 and 3.8 ka during the Nipissing high stand and subsequent regression. The second phase occurred between ∼3.0 and 2.0 ka during the Algoma high stand and regression. Finally, the most recent interval of dune growth transpired between ∼1.3 and 0.8 ka in the aftermath of a high lake stage at ∼1.7 ka and another, shorter peak in lake level at ∼1.0 ka. These findings indicate that major pulses of dune building mostly occur during lake regressions. They also correspond to the relatively warmer and drier conditions of the Holocene Climate Optimum, Roman Climate Optimum, and Medieval Warm Period, respectively, as well as periods of relative drought in the region. These associations indicate that drier conditions may have contributed to dune activation.Plotting of 14C data reveals no single variable, such as stability or burial, explains the timing of the four peaks in the kernel distribution of ages derived from organic remains. Intervals of higher 14C age frequencies occurred between ∼4500 and 3800 cal yr BP, ∼3500 and 2600 cal yr BP, ∼2300 and 1600 cal yr BP, and ∼700 and 200 cal yr BP. The peak at ∼4200 cal yr BP corresponds with a similar OSL pattern, indicating that 14C ages derived from weakly developed Entisols during this interval reflects their burial by eolian sand. Peaks in 14C densities within the latter intervals at ∼3200, ∼1800, and ∼400 cal Yr BP align with distinct drops in the OSL distribution. This pattern indicates that 14C ages from these intervals reflect episodes of stability and soil formation subsequent to episodes of dune building. Although this study demonstrates the general patterns of dune growth and stability, local variations in behavior likely occurred.

Structural equation modeling for associated factors with self-care behavior among young and middle-aged hypertensive patients: a cross-sectional study

Background Self-determination theory (SDT) states that the self-care behaviors of patients with chronic illnesses are affected by an autonomy-supportive healthcare climate, satisfaction of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Autonomy-supportive healthcare climate means to provide interpersonal conditions that support the person's volition, initiative, and integrity. Objective The aim of this study was to explore the structural relationships of an autonomy-supportive healthcare climate, as well as the perception of illness consequences, autonomy, competence, and relatedness with self-care behaviors among adult outpatients with hypertension. Design A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2020 across three hospitals outpatient clinics in South Korea. Methods A questionnaire package containing instruments measuring the perception of autonomy-supportive healthcare climate, autonomy, competence, relatedness, perception of illness consequence, self-care behaviors, sociodemographic data, and disease-related characteristics among the patients. The hypothetical model was derived from the SDT. Data were analyzed to test the hypothetical model and propose the final model. Results Complete survey data was provided by 228 participants. Overall, the findings supported the hypothesized model (Goodness-of-Fit Index = 0.90 and Comparative Fit Index = 0.99). An autonomy-supportive healthcare climate and autonomy, competence, and relatedness directly influenced the self-care behaviors of adult hypertensive patients. However, the perception of illness consequences did not have a significant direct effect on self-care behavior. Conclusion Improving the autonomy-supportive healthcare climate, as well as positive perception of illness consequences, autonomy, competence, and relatedness among patients positively affects self-care behavior. Thus, an authentic partnership between healthcare providers and hypertensive patients is required to enhance trust, cooperation, and adaptation, consequently improving self-care behaviors among patients. Impact Statement Autonomy-supportive healthcare climate was both directly and indirectly associated with self-care behavior that mediates autonomy, competence, and relatedness among young and middle-aged hypertensive patients.

The Relationship of Coach-Created Motivational Climate to Teamwork Behaviors in Female Collegiate Athletes

Although teamwork behaviors would be expected to emerge from coach-created task-involving climates, no study has focused on this connection. Thus, we surveyed female National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I athletes (N = 536) on their perceptions of motivational climates created by their head coaches (i.e., 33-item Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire) and their beliefs about their team’s teamwork behaviors (i.e., 19-item Multidimensional Assessment of Teamwork in Sport—Short Form). Cluster analyses revealed three groupings of coach-created climates: low task/high ego (n = 125), moderate task/moderate ego (n = 286), and high task/low ego (n = 125). Through a series of multivariate analyses of variance, with post hoc discriminant descriptive analysis, we found a significant main effect for the motivational climate clusters on teamwork behaviors. Athletes in the high-task/low-ego motivational climate cluster endorsed more teamwork behaviors (e.g., preparation, execution) than those in the moderate-task/moderate-ego and low-task/high-ego climate clusters. These findings suggest the importance of coach-created motivational climates in teamwork behaviors.

Millennial-Scale Solar Variability in Tree Rings of Northern Fennoscandia at the End of the Holocene

To investigate the possible Sun–climate connection during the Holocene, the Finnish super-long tree-ring chronology covering the period from 5634 B.C. to A.D. 2004 was analyzed. As an indicator of solar activity, we used a reconstruction of total solar irradiance (TSI) covering 9300 years, which is based on a composite using the cosmogenic radionuclide 10Be measured in polar ice cores, and also on neutron monitor data (Steinhilber et al. 2009). The Multiple Taper Method (MTM) wavelet decomposition and wavelet coherence analyses were applied to the time-series. The MTM spectral analysis identifies the main solar cycles at ca. 200 yr (de Vries or Suess), ca. 350 yr (unnamed) and ca. 900 years (Eddy). The strongest cross-wavelet correlation was discovered between the millennium-cycle components of TSI and tree-ring width variations. This Eddy cycle, which was recently discovered in solar activity, remains both strong and stable through almost the entire Holocene, and it reappears again at lower frequencies (ca. 1300 years) after ca. A.D. 200. Our results raise questions regarding the end of the Holocene and transition to the next glacial period and confirm the complex and nonlinear nature of the Sun–climate relationship during the Holocene Epoch.

AttentionFire_v1.0: interpretable machine learning fire model for burned-area predictions over tropics

Abstract. African and South American (ASA) wildfires account for more than 70 % of global burned areas and have strong connection to local climate for sub-seasonal to seasonal wildfire dynamics. However, representation of the wildfire–climate relationship remains challenging due to spatiotemporally heterogenous responses of wildfires to climate variability and human influences. Here, we developed an interpretable machine learning (ML) fire model (AttentionFire_v1.0) to resolve the complex controls of climate and human activities on burned areas and to better predict burned areas over ASA regions. Our ML fire model substantially improved predictability of burned areas for both spatial and temporal dynamics compared with five commonly used machine learning models. More importantly, the model revealed strong time-lagged control from climate wetness on the burned areas. The model also predicted that, under a high-emission future climate scenario, the recently observed declines in burned area will reverse in South America in the near future due to climate changes. Our study provides a reliable and interpretable fire model and highlights the importance of lagged wildfire–climate relationships in historical and future predictions.

Iklim Organisasi dan Komitmen Kerja Karyawan Puskesmas

The working atmosphere in the company is very important in determining employee performance and work commitment. This study aims to determine the relationship of organizational climate with work commitments for employees in Puskesmas Kutamakmur, Aceh Utara. The hypothesis being tested is a positive relationship between organizational climate and work commitments for employees who work in Puskesmas Kutamakmur. The sampling technique used in this study was sampling saturation with data collection methods through the organizational climate scale and Likert work commitment scale model for 120 employees. The reliability test produces an organizational climate of 0.880 and a work commitment of 0.911. Hypothesis test results show a positive relationship with organizational climate and work commitment based on the value of the correlation coefficient r = 0.455 (p = 0,000).

The Species Richness-Environment Relationship for Cherries (Prunus subgenus Cerasus) across the Northern Hemisphere

Understanding large-scale patterns of biodiversity and their drivers remains significant in biogeography. Cherries species (Prunus subgenus Cerasus, Rosaceae) are economically and ecologically important in ecosystems and human agricultural activities. However, the mechanisms underlying the patterns of the species richness–environment relationship in Cerasus remain poorly understood. We collected and filtered worldwide specimen data to map the species richness of Cerasus at the global scale. The map of Cerasus species richness was created using 21,043 reliable recorded specimens. The center of Cerasus diversity was determined using spatial cluster analysis. Stepwise regression analysis was carried out using five groups of 21 environmental variables and an integrated model was included to assess the impact of the overall environment. We calibrated each of the four integrated models and used them to predict the global Cerasus species richness and that of the other continents. Our results revealed that Cerasus species have two centers of diversity (the southwest of China and Honshu Island in Japan) with differing environmental variables influencing the distribution patterns of these two centers. In the southwest of China, hygrothermal conditions are the main driving factor while in Japan, habitat heterogeneity is the main driving factor. The relationship between the abundance of Cerasus and the various groups of factors generally supports both the productivity and the habitat heterogeneity hypotheses. However, these hypotheses do not fully explain the Cerasus species richness pattern, indicating that other factors such as historical environment, topography, and human activities likely played a role in pattern formation. The high level of habitat heterogeneity and better hygrothermal conditions may have played an important role in the establishment of its globally consistent richness–climate relationship. Our results can provide valuable information for the classification and conservation of Cerasus natural resources as well as contribute to furthering our understanding of biogeography at a global scale.

Disentangling thermal from alternative drivers of reflectance in jewel beetles: A macroecological study

AbstractAimTo predict future colour–climate relationships, it is important to distinguish thermal drivers of reflectance from other evolutionary drivers. We aimed to achieve this by comparing relationships between climate and coloration in ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) and near‐infrared (NIR) light, separately.LocationSamples were distributed primarily across Australia and North America, with some from Africa and Asia.Major taxa studiedColeoptera: Buprestidae.MethodsWe used jewel beetles as models to identify climatic drivers of reflectance, because jewel beetles have highly diverse coloration and a wide distribution and are often active in hot conditions. Specifically, we tested the association between climate, body size and reflectance using a phylogenetic comparative analysis for three wavebands (UV–Vis, NIR and total).ResultsReflectance of jewel beetles was more strongly predicted by body size than by climate. NIR reflectance and total reflectance were not associated with climate, but larger beetles had higher NIR reflectance. For UV–Vis reflectance, small beetles were darker in warmer and more humid environments, whereas there was no association with climate for large beetles.Main conclusionsOur study suggests that variation in reflectance of jewel beetles is not driven by thermal requirements and highlights the importance of considering NIR reflectance when evaluating explanations of the effects of colour on thermoregulation.

The impact of ethical climate and the LMX relationship on nurses’ burnout in hospitals in Serbia

Burnout contributes to the emergence of numerous negative organisational phenomena. Nurses are exposed to high stress working conditions every day, making it important to study burnout among nurses in health care systems. The aim of the paper is to investigate the impact of ethical climate and the LMX relationship on burnout among nurses, as well as to examine the effects of the three moderators (gender, self-awareness and social skills among nurses) on the observed relationships. The sample consists of 326 nurses from 23 hospitals in Serbia. Standardised questionnaires were used, while correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were employed for statistical processing. The dimensions of the ethical climate and LMX relationship have statistically significant impacts and predictive effects on the burnout dimensions. Raising the level of the ethical climate and LMX relationship positively affects burnout: it reduces emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation, and increases personal accomplishment and involvement. An adverse ethical climate and unfavourable LMX relationships among men cause greater emotional exhaustion. For nurses with high self-awareness and high social skills, a favourable ethical climate and positive LMX relationships reduce emotional exhaustion, and increase personal accomplishment. For nurses with low self-awareness and low social skills, a favourable ethical climate and positive LMX relationships reduce depersonalisation. Recommendations are made for improving the ethical climate and LMX relationships in hospitals in Serbia.

The Significance of Climate Cooperation Between China and the United States

The global climate issue is becoming increasingly severe, and cooperation between China and the United States in climate management is urgent.This article first analyzes the three stages of the climate relationship of China and the United States, from the first stage when the two sides are not willing to cooperate actively to the second stage when the two sides begin to cooperate frequently in climate management, and then to the current stage when cooperation and competition coexist in the climate relationship. Then, it analyzes the differences in climate governance concepts and methods between China and the U.S. due to differences in political systems, which has led to obstacles in consociation between the two countries. Next, this article explains the importance and key significance climate cooperation from three perspectives: China, the United States, and the international community. Finally, some constructive suggestions on climate consociation between China and the United States are put forward, as well as prospects for further deepening climate relations of China and the United States in the future.

Decadal Variability in Spring Sea Ice Concentration Linked to Summer Temperature and NDVI on the Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta

Abstract Rapidly warming temperatures in the Arctic are driving increasing tundra vegetation productivity, evidenced in both the satellite derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) imagery and field studies. These trends, however, are not uniformly positive across the circumpolar Arctic. One notable region of negative linear NDVI trends that have persisted over the last 15 years is southwest Alaska’s Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta (YKD). Negative NDVI trends in the YKD region appear inconsistent with our understanding since tundra vegetation is temperature-limited and air temperatures have increased on the YKD. Analysis over a 40-yr record from 1982 to 2021 reveals distinct decadal variability in the NDVI time series, which continues to produce negative linear trends. Similar decadal variability is also evident in summer warmth and 100-km coastal zone spring sea ice concentrations. This suggests that decadal climate variations can dominate the trends of NDVI through their influence on the drivers of tundra vegetation, namely, coastal sea ice concentrations and summer warmth. The relationships among sea ice, summer warmth, and NDVI have changed over the 40-yr record. Seasonality analysis since 1982 shows declining sea ice concentration in spring is followed by trends of increasing temperatures, but weakly declining NDVI during the growing season. An additional key finding is that since early 2010s, the relationships between sea ice concentration and summer warmth, and sea ice concentration and NDVI have strengthened, while the relationship between NDVI and summer warmth has weakened, indicating that temperature may no longer be the primary limiting factor for Arctic tundra vegetation on the YKD. Significance Statement This paper addresses a curiosity of regional Arctic climate change, which is that despite increasing temperatures, spatially and temporally declining trends of vegetation productivity on the Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta appear in satellite data. This study bridges our understanding of Arctic climate relationships at varying scales and informs questions about how these relationships may change in the future.

Psychological Workplace Climate, Emotional Intelligence and Employee Well-Being in Nepali Information Technology Industry

Objectives – This paper investigates the impact of psychological workplace climate (PWC) on employee well-being (EWB). It also examines the moderating effect of emotional intelligence (EI) on the relationship of psychological workplace climate and overall employee well-being. Design/Methodology/Approach – Quantitative approach is used as a design involving a self-administrated questionnaire for data collection from 125 information technology professionals working in 7 different software development companies of Kathmandu Valley. Different analytical tools like correlation analysis, hierarchical regression, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests are executed to test the proposed hypotheses. Findings – The results highlight the positive impact of psychological workplace climate on overall employee well-being and the moderating effect of emotional intelligence is evident in the relationships between independent and dependent variables. Practical Implications – These findings highlight that managers must consider psychological workplace climate while formulating organizational policies and strategies. It also serves as a guideline for IT managers to improve their emotional intelligence for the well-being of their employees. Originality/Value – The study depicts the high value of moderating variable - emotional intelligence and independent variable- psychological workplace climate on employee well-being, which is crucial knowledge to managers and chief executive officer (CEO) for building successful businesses.

Growth Response of Pinus wallichiana to Changing Climate in Temperate Regions of Central Nepal

Climate influences both the structure and function of the forest ecosystem. A dendrochronological study was carried out in temperate forest at Patney Bhanjyang Community Forest of Kavrepalanchok district in Central Nepal to verify and record the impact of climate on radial growth by using the tree cores of Pinus wallichiana. A total of 60 tree cores were collected by using increment borer and annual ring widths were analyzed by using the standard dendrochronological technique. We produced a 74-year-old tree ring width chronology of P. wallichiana from the region and examined the critical climatic factor for radial growth and the temporal trend of Basal Area Increment (BAI). Our results showed that the tree radial growth was not influenced by maximum temperature. However, it was positively correlated with the minimum temperature of the previous year September (0.30) indicating that cool previous September is favorable for radial growth. Similarly, the radial growth of Pine showed a positive correlation with the total rainfall of January (0.33) and March (0.33), showing that enough moisture in the very early growing season contributes positively to radial growth. We found a decline in BAI after 2000 AD until 2005, although BAI was relatively stable despite the decreasing trend of rainfall. We did not find the impact of climatic factor for the decline in BAI. However long-term study of different climatic, ecological and anthropogenic influences are necessary to know more about the growth–climate relationship of P. wallichiana in temperate forests of Nepal.

Meteorological Determinants of Covid-19 Disease: A Literature Review

The purpose of this investigation is to review the currently known studies on the meteorological preconditions of COVID-19, and analyze and synthesize the results from the existing research, with a view to further substantiating a methodological approach to assessing the daily meteorological factors of viral particles detention in the open air. In pursuit of this goal, the present study attempts to derive and differentiate some findings of the recent research from all over the world about weather and climate factors of SARS-COV-2 dispersion in the atmosphere. The results are systematized according to the main climatic elements – air temperature, air humidity, solar radiation and wind speed. Some climatically sensitive social-demographic factors (such as gender, age structure, general morbidity and predisposition to chronic diseases, household conditions, personal habits, educational level and so on) that determine the resistance to COVID-19, are also commented in this study. Last but not least, the issue of scaling up and remote approaches to the study of the climate and COVID-19 relationship was also addressed.

Achievement motivation and grit’s perseverance of effort among collegiate athletes

ABSTRACT Grit has almost exclusively been examined in relation to performance success. Achievement motivation theory (AMT) provides a framework to start examining psychosocial factors that may be associated with promoting grit. Thus, we examined the direct and indirect relationships from athletes’ perceived motivational climate, implicit beliefs, and goal orientations to their grit levels. Collegiate student-athletes (N = 523; 47% men) completed self-report measures assessing these constructs. Through multilevel modelling, grit’s perseverance of effort varied minimally at the team level and was only predicted by individuals’ task orientation and incremental beliefs. Structural equation modelling supported our hypothesised, most parsimonious model with the direct and indirect relationships of a task-involving climate through athletes’ incremental beliefs and task orientation explained 65% of their perseverance of effort scores. Perceptions of an ego-involving climate were related to athletes’ entity beliefs and ego orientation; these three constructs were not significantly related to our grit outcome. Our findings suggest AMT may be useful to understand how athletes develop the ability to persevere over time. Practically, our results suggest the greater athletes’ grit levels, as represented by perseverance of effort, the more likely they are to have task orientation and incremental beliefs, which can be promoted by a task-involving climate.