Climate Change Trust Fund Research Articles

The role of institutional design in mobilizing climate finance: Empirical evidence from Bangladesh, Brazil, Ethiopia, and Indonesia

International climate finance is a crucial component of the response to climate change. This paper examines how national-level funding vehicles mobilize finance from international sources. Based on interviews with policymakers and various actors involved in the negotiation and design of four major early national climate funds, the Amazon Fund, the Bangladesh Climate Change Resilience Fund, Ethiopia’s Climate Resilient Green Economy Facility, and the Indonesia Climate Change Trust Fund, this paper identifies design features of national climate funds and highlights the trade-offs that developing countries face in their pursuit of climate finance. These design features have significant bearing on the overall effectiveness of the funds themselves. The findings from this study suggest that developing countries seek to maximize control over the funds even though it means that the design features do not minimize costs, as efficiency-oriented perspectives would suggest. The experience of these early national climate funds could be instructive to those governments and stakeholders considering establishing their own national climate funds or improving features. Three policy lessons are noteworthy: the importance of demonstrating commitment to climate policy through transparent data and results, instilling robust fiduciary standards and safeguards, and the virtuous cycle mobilizing climate finance and acquiring a track record on climate programming.

Towards Climate-Resilient WASH Services: A Critical Evaluation of Bangladesh’s Policy Landscape

Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) services are fundamental to public health and well-being, yet they face significant challenges due to climate change. In Bangladesh, these challenges are compounded by the country’s geographic vulnerability to climate-related hazards such as floods, cyclones, and sea-level rise. Bangladesh’s flat, low-lying topography, high population density, and reliance on agriculture exacerbate its susceptibility to climate-induced disasters, threatening vital sectors including water resources and infrastructure. Integrating climate resilience into WASH strategies is crucial for mitigating these impacts and ensuring sustainable development. This paper reviews national policies and strategies aimed at enhancing climate resilience in the WASH sector in Bangladesh, highlighting successful initiatives and identifying areas where further integration is necessary. The analysis reveals that Bangladesh has developed comprehensive policy frameworks, such as the Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) and the National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA), which emphasize community-based adaptation and prioritize vulnerable populations. Despite these efforts, significant gaps exist in policy implementation, particularly concerning the alignment of financial resources with strategic objectives. The Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund (BCCTF) has yet to fund specific WASH-related projects, highlighting a disconnect between policy intentions and practical outcomes. Institutional coordination challenges persist, with inadequate communication among government agencies responsible for WASH and climate change. However, several successful initiatives demonstrate effective integration of climate resilience into WASH services. These include UNICEF’s climate-resilient sanitation programme, which has improved access to sanitation in flood-prone areas, and community-driven approaches that leverage local knowledge and traditional practices to enhance resilience. The study employs a qualitative research approach, systematically reviewing national policy documents, strategic plans, and relevant literature. The analytical framework evaluates policy coherence, integration of climate resilience, implementation mechanisms, and stakeholder engagement. Evaluation criteria include comprehensiveness, specificity, adaptability, and effectiveness of policies in addressing climate change impacts on WASH services. Key challenges identified include policy and financing disconnects, inadequate recognition of vulnerable areas, lack of updated policies, governance and implementation gaps, over-reliance on technological solutions, and the need for localized research and data. Addressing these challenges requires a multifaceted approach that includes updating policies, enhancing governance structures, ensuring adequate financing, promoting community engagement, and conducting localized research.

Preface

The development of aquatic resource science and management has grown rapidly in the last decade, both in the context of biology, ecology, and the management of the resources in them. Trends and scientific status of aquatic resources need to be well understood as a benchmark for scientific development and responding to future challenges. Thus, scientific forums are urgently needed to mutually discuss achievements and important issues in the science and management of aquatic resources.The Department of Aquatic Resources Management (ARM), Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences (FFMS), IPB University took the initiative to provide the needed discussion space by holding the 2nd International Symposium on Aquatic Sciences and Resources Management – Highland to Ocean, which is then abbreviated as 2nd ISASRM H2O 2022, which takes the general theme, namely Biology, Ecology and Resources Management. As the activity of the second international symposium on the sciences and management of aquatic resources in Indonesia, the sub-themes raised from the international symposium included: aquatic biology and ecology; aquatic environment, ecosystem, and conservation; aquatic endangered, protected, invasive alien and exotic species, miscellaneous; integrated inland waters and coastal management; fisheries management; social-ecological system framework for aquatic resources management; aquatic bioprospecting; and aquatic natural products. Sub-themes can accommodate all the scientific focus of science and management of aquatic resources from upstream to downstream and contribute to scientists, researchers, practitioners, and stakeholders, both direct beneficiaries of aquatic resources, managers of aquatic resources, and processors of aquatic resource products. In addition, this activity is also expected to assist the government in responding to the challenges of managing water resources in the future and realizing sustainable integrated management dan sustainable development goals.Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic, the Indonesian government still restricts travel, and meetings in large numbers, so the 2nd ISARM was held virtually using the Zoom platform organized at the Department of ARM, FFMS, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia on August 23-24, 2022. Virtual conferences are able to increase wider reach. However, time differences are challenging, and discussion interactions are not optimal. Hopefully, we can meet directly at another international conference at IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia.The symposium was attended by 72 oral presenters and 14 poster presenters. Presenters come from at least seven countries: Indonesia, China, Philippines, Turkey, United Kingdom, Norway, and Australia. The total participants of this activity were 166 participants, both national and international. The 2nd ISARM also presented five speakers from various scientific fields, including the Management Program of Coral Reef in Indonesia by Dr. Sri Yanti, MPM from Fisheries and Marine Directory BAPPENAS, Republic of Indonesia; Coastal and Marine Resources Conservation and Management By Dr. Ruby Castrence-Gonzales from Mindanao State University Naawan, Philippines; Exploring Drug Repurposing for the Treatment of Aquatic Diseases by Prof. Dr. Mohd Shahir Shamsir Omar from UTHM Deputy Vice Chancellor, Malaysia; Coastal Watershed Ecological Processes, Modeling, and Management by Prof. Jinliang Huang from Xiamen University, China; and The Negative Impact of The Alien Freshwater Crayfish Invading Indonesia and Sustainable Fisheries Development of Native Crayfish in Indonesia by Dr. Tadashi Kawai from Immediately Past President of the International Association of Astacology Hokkaido Research Organization, Japan. The oral and poster presentations also discuss the issues and challenges for aquatic ecosystems, which are closely related to anthropogenic activities as driving factors. Everything is connected from the highlands to the ocean. Despite all the challenges, we, as scientists, still have a chance to do research towards the sustainable development of aquatic resources management. Moreover, make a better world.Many new ideas, insights, methodologies, and state-of-the-art science can be studied and adopted to improve our work in this important area further. There have been many interesting and useful presentations in plenary and interactive sessions. Many good experiences have been shared and lessons learned, including in the aspects of biology and ecology and managing resources from the highland to the ocean.We would like to take this opportunity to thank all partners, namely the Department of Aquatic Resources Management (ARM IPB University), Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences (FFMS IPB University), Center for Coastal and Marine Resources Studies (PKSPL IPB University), International Collaboration Office (ICO IPB University), Fisheries and Marine Directory BAPPENAS Republic of Indonesia, and Indonesia Climate Change Trust Fund (ICCTF) with the Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Program – Coral Triangle Initiative (COREMAP-CTI), for financial support and collaboration. Also, we would like to thank all the speakers, reviewers, and the committee for organizing this event and ensuring it runs smoothly.List of Editorial team, Organizing Committees are available in the pdf.

DESIGNING OFFICES WORKSTATION USING SUSTAINABLE MATERIALS IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ERA

The world was shocked by the Covid-19 pandemic at the end of 2019. Indirectly, global warming played a role in the outbreak problem, especially Covid-19. Indonesia Climate Change Trust Fund also said that climate change (including global warming) did not cause the COVID-19 outbreak, but it could help spread it. One of the solutions that humans do to reduce the impact of global warming is to apply the concept of Sustainable Design. The concept of sustainable design, which is applied to reduce the negative impact on the environment and reduce the spread of the corona virus, can be overcome by using eco-friendly materials. Eco-friendly materials also have several basic criteria, namely efficiency in the use of energy, durability, easy maintenance, and non-toxic. Therefore, researchers want to analyze what materials can be used as materials for designing workstation furniture for the Tiket.com office. This is done with the aim of designing workstations using sustainable materials and minimizing the spread of the Covid-19 virus. This study uses a qualitative method with field data collection and literature study related to the design of workstation furniture. For the design of the workstation furniture using the Rosemary Kilmer method which consists of the analysis stage (commit, state, collect, and analyze) and the synthesis stage (ideate, choose, implement, and evaluate). These eco-friendly materials are applied to the design of workstation furniture for employees at the Tiket.com office. The application of these materials is also based on the needs and functions required. In conclusion, furniture that is designed based on the concept of sustainable design with the use of eco-friendly materials can prevent the spread of the epidemic, especially Covid-19.

Identifikasi Bioprospeksi Senyawa Aktif Terkandung Dalam Bahan Baku Sirup Herbal Kube Minuman Herbal Resort wonosari Taman Nasional Meru Betiri

Herbal drinks are one of the alternatives to traditional medicine that are in demand by people in Indonesia. The research program of the ICCTF (Indonesian Climate Change Trust Fund) and the University of Jember in 2017-2018 produced one of the outputs in the form of the formation of the Herbal Drinks KUBE in Wonoasri Village, Tempurejo District, Jember Regency. However, these herbal products do not yet have detailed composition of the active components so they cannot be registered with the Health Office. One of the products produced by KUBE is Herbal Syrup which is made from various kinds of spices originating from the protected forest area of ​​Meru Betiri National Park. The efficacy produced by herbal drinks is thought to come from the active compounds contained in spices as raw materials for beverages. To determine the potential content of these herbal drinks, it is important to carry out a bioprospection analysis of the raw materials of herbal drinks from Meru Betiri National Park in an effort to determine the active compounds contained. This research was preceded by conducting interviews with herbal medicine craftsmen KUBE Herbal drink in Wonoasri village to find out the composition or raw materials used in making Herbal Syrup. Furthermore, the collection of raw materials from TNMB for extraction by the maceration method and qualitative analysis was carried out on the active compounds contained. The results obtained that the plant raw materials for herbal syrups namely Ginger, Javanese Chili, Lemongrass and Turmeric positively contain Alkaloids, Flavonoids, Phenols, Tannins, Saponins, Essential Oils. All samples also showed that they did not contain steroid compounds, and Jabe Jawa did not contain tannins.

Selected parameters of soil health in Cumilla district at the Golden Jubilee of Bangladesh and strategies for their sustainable improvement towards rice production

Soil fertility and rice production were the most frequently mentioned issues identified not only in all the countries of Asia but also in the rest of the world. Hence, it is essential to pay attention for sustainable rice production, climate-smart agriculture and soil health. Accordingly, assessments of selected soil health indicators, such as, pH, organic matter and cation exchange capacity (CEC) in all 17 Upazilas of Cumilla district of Bangladesh were completed under the financial support of the Climate Change Trust Fund (CCTF). A few strategies were used for the improvement of soil health in response to smart rice production at the field site using locally available organic-fertilizers, viz. Vermicompost (V), Rice husk ash (RHA) and Burned poultry litters (BPL) at the rates of 0, 4 and 8 t ha-1 under the soil temperature elevation of 2 to 3°C (i.e. 25 to 28°C) and moisture levels of 60 and 90%. The above mentioned parameters of soil health at the Golden Jubilee of Bangladesh were found to be improved slightly compared to those of the 1970s and 2000s. These trends of improvement were found to be enhanced by the stated treatments. The yields of different rice varieties were increased from 4.4 - 5.5 to 8.4 – 9.1 t ha-1 by the treatments and the order of their effectiveness for grain yields and protein contents were V > BPL > RHA. Organic matter contents, pH and CEC of the studied soils were increased by these treatments and decreased CH4 emissions from the studied rice field. However, these approaches of sustainability cannot be provided by the poor farmers and therefore, the government should come forward to help these farmers in order to build a ‘Developed Bangladesh’ – the dream of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the Father of the Nation and the Honorable Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, the Mother of Humanity and the Champion of the Earth. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 30(3 CSI): 511-531, 2022 (June)

Effectiveness of emerging mechanisms for financing national climate actions; example of the Indonesia Climate Change Trust Fund

ABSTRACT Climate change is almost unanimously perceived to be one of the greatest environmental and developmental challenges of this century. Implementing climate change response requires not just huge and prudent utilization of financial resources, but also highly efficient financing institutions and systems especially in developing countries where underlying development issues such as poverty, health, etc. exist. This paper attempts to evaluate the operationalization of the Indonesian Climate Change Trust Fund (ICCTF) as a climate financing prototype in terms of fund mobilization, nature of projects, equity and inclusion, alignment and mainstreaming. This study was conducted through review of relevant and recent literature on climate change governance and financing, supported with information retrieved from relevant official documents as well as interviews of key persons. Our study found the ICCTF most effective in alignment with national development plans and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It has implemented climate change adaptation programmes with the principles of equity and inclusion of various stakeholders. The ICCTF has however struggled to efficiently mobilize funds owing largely to technical ambiguities especially in its legal and institutional frameworks, it therefore yet to be utilized to its maximum potentials.

Bangladesh: From a Climate Victim to the Climate Leader

Bangladesh has registered a great success in global climate diplomacy by abandoning its passivity and dependence syndrome as a climate victim. What criteria did Bangladesh fulfil to reckon with as a climate leader? Is such iteration self-proclaimed rhetoric, or can it be supported by theoretical and empirical findings? This article investigates these questions by adopting a leadership framework and scrutinizing Bangladesh's role in climate change adaptation, mitigation, negotiation, and knowledge creation. This article reveals that Bangladesh is now acting as an emerging climate leader in the global climate arena. Bangladesh provides unilateral leadership in climate issues through establishing 'good examples' in inspiring others to follow the pathway by drafting multiple domestic climate policies such as the National Adaptation Program of Action (NAPA), Climate Change Trust Fund, Mujib Climate Prosperity Plan, etc. In addition, Bangladesh assists other climate-vulnerable countries by sharing ideas, knowledge, practice and invention in climate change adaptation, mitigation, and resilience and acts as an intellectual leader. Finally, in climate change negotiations, Bangladesh performs as a problem-solving leader on behalf of the Least Developed Countries. Bangladesh's image as a robust actor with a timely response to climate issues turns it into a legitimate voice on global platforms. Therefore, this article concludes that calling Bangladesh a climate leader is not rhetoric as it shows robust performance in several leadership modes to solve this global collective action problem.

Indicators to Evaluate the Institutional Effectiveness of National Climate Financing Mechanisms

Over the past few decades, tackling climate change has persistently featured in international discussions, with the main issues centring on mobilising adequate global response and effectively coordinating and channelling this response at the sub-national levels. In order to effectively mobilize and harmonize resources to address climate change at country level, the idea of establishing national climate finance institutions (NCFIs) with the duty to mobilise, manage and allocate funds to implement climate change actions has gained prominence among developing countries. This study develops an indicator-based framework to evaluate the institutional effectiveness of the Indonesian Climate Change Trust Fund (ICCTF) as a case study. Building on previous frameworks and principles of climate finance, a total of 21 indicators were identified, these indicators were categorized into five effectiveness components, which are: were identified, and these indicators were categorized into five effectiveness components, which include: legal and regulatory framework, fund mobilization and sustainability, fund management and allocation, monitoring and evaluation, and transparency and accountability. We find that the major and fundamental weakness of the ICCTF is its inability to adequately mobilize funds, while its strength is in management and allocation of available resources. Inclusion of the legal and regulatory framework component, which has been largely absent in previous studies, further enabled us to identify critical legal gaps in the operationalization of the ICCTF. While the current legal foundation of the ICCTF ensures transparency and accountability, it significantly constrains the ICCTFs flexibility and innovative potentials.

What makes an environmental trust fund successful? A case study of the Maldives

Despite the wide array of Environmental Trust Funds (ETFs) created and utilized globally, limited information is available on the characteristics that make such funds successful, particularly as they relate to the experiences of Small Island Developing States (SIDS). This study evaluates the Climate Change Trust Fund (CCTF) of the Maldives as a case in point. Experiences from the energy component of the CCTF indicate that while technology transfer is needed, the project approach did not help to overcome the lack of human resource capacity to manage the transition to renewable energy in Thinadhoo. A comparison of the CCTF with Bhutan???s experience suggests that instead of implementing projects directly by the ETF, as done by CCTF, it would be more suitable for an organization to facilitate the implementation. In addition to having a fund, stakeholder participation, institutional development, and focusing on broader goals with co-benefits from projects would increase the prospect of success for ETFs.

IMPLEMENTATION OF BANGLADESH CLIMATE CHANGE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (BCCSAP, 2009): GAPS BETWEEN POLICY AND PRACTICES

This study pursued to analyze the performance of Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP, 2009) during its implementation period and find out the loopholes and bottleneck between policy and Practices. The study conducts impact study of some climate change related projects address the six theme of BCCSAP and financed by Climate Change Trust Fund, (CCTF) Bangladesh. The models of these projects are innovative and research oriented and belongs the different six themes of Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP, 2009). The main objectives of the study are to conduct an independent and critical evaluation of the result achieved to date from the selected projects, to identify the gaps in existing acts, policies, and practices and finally develop a number of go-forward scenarios and options; in that connection select the best strategies and develop a roadmap towards that. The study used both secondary (from existing literature) and Primary data (collected under this study). Secondary data have been collected from the selected six projects documents, project completion report, Audit report etc. Primary data have been collected from a mixed method approach, combining quantitative and qualitative methodologies e.g household and community surveys, institutional analysis, participatory rapid appraisal, Key Informant Interviews, Focused Group Discussion. Appropriate methodology was utilized for analyzing information of selected 6 projects. The result of the study showed that such types of innovative and research projects should be given priority for implementation under Climate Change Trust Fund as a pilot basis. For scale up these projects at a large scale development partners should come forward. At the implementation period and furthermore these projects play an important role to address the climate change issues in Bangladesh but lack of proper maintenance mechanism it could not sustain in the long run. In order to maintain sustainability, maintenance should be ensured both from the funding and implementing agency. Moreover, the study reveals a substantial gap in level of integration between different policies and cross referencing between national and sectoral policies and plans. For optimal level of performance, a balanced influence and integration between sectoral policies and climate change policy should be needed. Article visualizations:

CLIMATE FINANCING MECHANISM IN BANGLADESH: DOES THE CLIMATE CHANGE TRUST FUND PLAY ITS ROLE PROPERLY?

The Study sought to analysis the trends of fund flow of Climate Change Trust Fund, a national window of climate financing in Bangladesh. The main objectives of this study are to analysis the enactment of Climate Change Trust Fund with its fiduciary management and activities of nine years and identify the utilization gaps of this fund in terms to policy and practices. This is an explanatory and qualitative research. The result of the study showed that the Climate Change Trust Fund mainly utilized at the sector of water, infrastructure, agriculture, Forestry and Biodiversity conservation. Adaptation activities are getting priority under Climate Change Trust Fund while some notable Mitigation activities were also implemented. Nineteen Ministries along with its agencies were implemented the Climate Change Trust Funded Projects which were implemented all over the country. Among the six thematic areas of Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP, 2009), thematic area, T3: infrastructure and T1: Food Security, Social Protection and Health got highest priority to the decision makers for Funding. In terms of project number, maximum infrastructural activities under CCTF were implemented by Local Government Division where as large amount of money were allocated to the Ministry of water resources for their infrastructural activities at the coastal zones in the country. Bangladesh is the innocent victim of climate change due to its geographical location and economic condition. Due to various constrains including lack of resources the climatic impact is severe at the coastal zone of Bangladesh for last few decades. So, the infrastructure development is more essential at these coastal areas. Most of the activities of CCTF were the routine works of concern ministries while a few numbers of activities were innovative and predominantly addressed to the climate induced loss and damages in the country. It is because the criteria of climate induced activities in the action plan were not mentioned clearly and there is no mandate to check the feasibility study of the project before the approval process. With such limitations, there is no doubt that establishment such kind of fund and the implemented activities play an important role to develop the adaptive capacity of local community of Bangladesh to addresses the challenges of climate change. Article visualizations:

Tackling everyday risks through climate adaptive organic farming

Purpose With the shifting patterns of rain and dry periods as a result of global climate change, the people of Gunungkidul have to deal with extreme conditions, such as crop failure, ponds and artificial lakes drying up at an alarming rate due to high evaporation. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Participatory disaster and risks assessment and action planning were carried out to identify how communities perceive risks and identify priorities of actions. Farmers agreed to implement climate adaptive farming which combines organic farming, biological pest control and drought-resistant seedlings from local varieties. Findings The processes to adaptation required collective actions, paradigm shift and it also constitutes trial and error processes. Acceptance to innovation is mostly one of the major challenges. Working with “contact” farmers and “advance” farmers is the key to the community organizing strategy for innovation and adaptation. Research limitations/implications This case study is limited to the adaptation program funded by Indonesia Climate Change Trust Fund in four farmer groups in Purwosari Sub-District, GunungKidul district and Yogyakarta province, Indonesia. Practical implications Trainings and direct assistance to climate adaptive farming have benefitted the farmers that they are able to increase the farming production and reduce the risk of crop failure. Social implications The demonstration plot has strengthened farmer groups’ social modalities by working together to shift from traditional into adaptive farming. Originality/value This case study described how farmers have shifted from traditional practice into climate adaptive farming.

Appraising Climate Change Impact Mitigation Standards to Ground Realities: The Lessons From Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Funded Projects

Increase in disaster risk has been a recurrent phenomenon throughout the world. Unique physiographic feature, location and different socio economic factors have made Bangladesh extremely prone to climate change and consequent diversified natural hazards. It is a matter of regret that till now our country is not fully resilient in the struggle with reducing the disastrous effects of climate change. The Government of Bangladesh has undertaken Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP) in 2009, which incorporates six pillars concepts for mitigating the impacts of climate change. The Government has also established the Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund (BCCTF) based on revenue from the national budget to ensure the implementation of these six pillars. BCCTF funded projects are distributed among different government organizations like Local Government Engineering Department (LGED), Department of Relief and Rehabilitation, Bangladesh Water Development Board, SPARSO and many others. About 236 projects have been allotted by the fund of BCCTF till 2014. This particular study focuses on investigating the available BCCTF (Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund) projects for climate change effect mitigation on the basis of the six pillars of BCCSAP, 2009. Among 236 projects of BCCTF till 2014, 151 available projects have been analyzed depending on their objectives and addressing themes. As a key finding, this study revealed that the collected projects predominantly focused on the infrastructure development that is the third pillar of BCCSAP, 2009 while ignoring the others one.

From strategy to execution: the case of local climate fund in Bangladesh

Bangladesh has some achievements in addressing climate change impacts and developing sensible and functional policies related to climate, environment and development. Instead of waiting for donors' fund, Bangladesh has shown its positive attitude by establishing and operating the Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund (BCCTF), a dedicated fund accumulated from the national budget to address climate change. This research aims at analysing allocation pattern of the BCCTF for adaptation and mitigation actions. The volume, regional distribution, coordination and the level of involvement of different ministries are examined for the projects funded during the first four years of its operation. Finding shows lack of coordination among different thematic areas and ministries. Selection of thematic area suffers from lack of uniformity. After rechristened as climate change projects, few of the historically usual development activities have been funded by the BCCTF, while some funded projects do not address climate change at all. The policy maker should take initiatives to ensure efficient allocation of scarce resources for addressing climate change. It should be taken into consideration that the investment in climate change has to be smart and reasonable enough for a country like Bangladesh to ensure sustainable development.

From strategy to execution: the case of local climate fund in Bangladesh

Bangladesh has some achievements in addressing climate change impacts and developing sensible and functional policies related to climate, environment and development. Instead of waiting for donors' fund, Bangladesh has shown its positive attitude by establishing and operating the Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund (BCCTF), a dedicated fund accumulated from the national budget to address climate change. This research aims at analysing allocation pattern of the BCCTF for adaptation and mitigation actions. The volume, regional distribution, coordination and the level of involvement of different ministries are examined for the projects funded during the first four years of its operation. Finding shows lack of coordination among different thematic areas and ministries. Selection of thematic area suffers from lack of uniformity. After rechristened as climate change projects, few of the historically usual development activities have been funded by the BCCTF, while some funded projects do not address climate change at all. The policy maker should take initiatives to ensure efficient allocation of scarce resources for addressing climate change. It should be taken into consideration that the investment in climate change has to be smart and reasonable enough for a country like Bangladesh to ensure sustainable development.

Physical and Chemical Properties of Cultivated Peat Soils in Four Trial Sites of ICCTF in Kalimantan and Sumatra, Indonesia

The large distribution of peat soils in Indonesia have important role in carbon stock and greenhouse gas emission which contribute to global warming issue. The objective of this study was to characterize physical and chemical properties of cultivated peat soils in four trial sites of Indonesia Climate Change Trust Fund (ICCTF) in Central Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, Riau and Jambi Provinces to provide a baseline data by a greenhouse gas emission study. Detailed soil observations were conducted using grid system with spacing of 25 × 50 m. A total of 16 representative peat soil profiles consisting of 74 soil samples of horizons were selected for laboratory analyses. The results showed that peat maturity varied from hemic to sapric in the surface layers and hemic in the subsurface layers, except in Site-2 that was fibric. The peat thickness ranged respectively from 5.4 to 7.0 m in Site-1 and Site-3, and from 0.5 to 2.5 m in site-2 and site-4, and all overlying fine-textured mineral soil (substratum). Depth of water table varied from 10 to 30 cm in Site-2 and Site-4, and from 30 to 70 cm in Site-1 and Site-3. Fiber content ranged from 13 to 57% and increased with depth indicating the peat was less decomposed. The bulk density was very low (0.07-0.24 g cm-3) and negatively correlated to fiber content (r = 0.74 for Kalimantan and r = 0.66 for Sumatra). The ash content was low (0.1-8.5%) and negatively correlated to organic carbon content (r = 0.89 for Kalimantan and r = 0.65 for Sumatra). Soil CEC was high and positively correlated to organic carbon content (r = 0.86 for Kalimantan and r = 0.93 for Sumatra). These soils showed very acid reaction (pH 3.3-4.7), low content of exchangeable bases and total P2O5 and K2O (HCl 25%). Based on these properties, the peat soils were grouped as oligotrophic ombrogenous peat. The estimated carbon stock for all the trial sites with total extent of 22.58 ha was 57,282 Mg C. The variation of thickness, maturity, and water table depth will imply to the magnitude of carbon reserves and greenhouse gas emissions. [How to Cite: Hikmatullah and Sukarman. 2014. Physical and Chemical Properties of Cultivated Peat Soils in Four Trial Sites of ICCTF in Kalimantan and Sumatra, Indonesia. J Trop Soils 19: 131-141. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2014.19.3.131]

Ameliorant Application on Variation of Carbon Stock and Ash Content on Peatland South Kalimantan

Carbon stock on peatlands are large and will be easily emitted if the land is opened or drained, therefore the measurements of carbon stocks and ash content are important to know the amount of emissions and agricultural sustainability in peatlands. This study aimed to determine carbon stock and ash content on peatlands in the Indonesia Climate Change Trust Fund (ICCTF) located in South Kalimantan on the geographic position S. 03°25’52" and E. 114°47’6.5". The experiment consisted of six treatments of ameliorant materials namely; mineral soil, peat fertilizer A, peat fertilizer T, manure, ash, and control. The results showed that the variation of peat soil properties was very high at this location. Peat thickness ranged from 36-338 cm, and this led to high variations in carbon stocks ranged between 161.8 – 1142.2 Mg ha-1. Besides ash contents of the soil were also highly varied ranged from 3.4 – 28.5%. This natural variation greatly affected the ICCTF study design. Mineral soil treatment had a mean carbon stock (961.3 ± 61.5 Mg ha-1) which was higher and different from other treatments. High ash content was obtained in the ash treatment (18.6 ± 2.5%) and manure (15.7 ± 3.6%). It is recommended that the analysis of plant responses and greenhouse gas emissions using a single regression analysis and multiple regression with ash content as one of the independent variables are needed.Keywords: Ash content, carbon stock, peatland, peat thickness[How to Cite: Nurzakiah S, F Agus, and H Syahbuddin. 2013. Ameliorant Application on Variation of Carbon Stock and Ash Content on Peatland South Kalimantan J Trop Soils, 18 (1) : 11-16. doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.1.11][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.1.11]