Climate Change Topics Research Articles

European knowledge and entrepreneurial ecosystems: Networks within climate change and adaptation research

AbstractResearch on a topic as intricate as climate change and adaptation can be seen as a complex ecosystem combining thousands of projects by a large set of actors. This article studies the EU Seventh Framework Program funded projects to understand how research has been funded and managed in Europe to develop a specific knowledge ecosystem around climate change and adaptation. The theoretical background offers an overview of the topics of climate change and knowledge ecosystems. The research projects database was used to construct and make sense of a complex ecosystem. A synthetic description of the technical work conducted and the results obtained are presented. The data is analyzed using social network analysis to provide evidence of structural characteristics of the networks, the relevance of different sub‐domains in climate change and adaptation research, and the emergence of entrepreneurial ecosystems through knowledge.

Integrating polar research into undergraduate curricula using computational guided inquiry

Polar research plays a vital role in developing our understanding of Earth’s climate system. It is intrinsically interdisciplinary, lending itself to integration into existing undergraduate courses. Here we explore introducing undergraduates to polar research through computational guided inquiry (CGI) modules taught in a variety of courses and disciplines. Students apply course disciplinary techniques to analysis of polar data or research, in the context of climate change, by working through educational modules that include spreadsheets (ExcelTM) or interactive computer programing (Python in a Jupyter Notebook), over a few class or lab periods. The goals of this exploratory curriculum project are to determine instructor perceptions of effectiveness of the educational modules for teaching preexisting disciplinary course objectives, as well as student perceptions of enjoyment and learning. Evaluation consisted of a student questionnaire and interviews with instructors by an external evaluator. Students and instructors overall reported positive experiences with the modules, highlighted the importance of polar data and climate literacy, and noted increases in student understanding of course learning goals and comfort with the computational tools. Professors further reported that students found the modules motivating, fun and engaging. Taken together, this suggests that the modules are an effective means of bringing polar research into undergraduate classrooms while satisfying instructor goals for course learning objectives. Lessons learned include the importance of providing material such as videos to help transition to the topics of polar research and climate change and of supporting widely varying computational fluency.

Global warming & climate change: integration of socio-scientific issues to enhance scientific literacy

Global warming and climate change are some of the greatest socio-scientific issues in recent decades. Many factors contribute to these issues, the footprint of human activities as well as natural phenomena. Human energy consumption in many sectors i.e food supply, livestock, industry, and transportation significantly increasing earth surface temperature average level and climate change. Various studies were carry out about global warming and climate change interdisciplinary. Integration of these socio-scientific issues into science learning as an effort to educate and enhance student environmental awareness and scientific literacy is necessary to do. Rational of this article is to studies global warming and climate change topics from integrative science context; biology (microbial activities, ruminants, and environmental impacts), chemistry (the various chemical reaction that causes greenhouse gases and global warming), and physics (temperature, heat, and global climate). This study is urgent because microbial activities that contribute into greenhouse gases releasing in ruminant enteric fermentation process haven’t included and connected yet in Indonesia’s science learning. Ruminant should be highlighted in these issues because Indonesia is an agricultural country which has enormous farmhouse area. In addition, students are expected to be able to solve problems and make the right decisions related to these issues. This article will discuss suggestion global warming and climate change topics in terms of microbial activities, ruminant and mitigation strategies to reduce GHG from livestock sector. This suggestion is expected to meet the Sustainable development goals.

Nudging in the Forests—the Role and Effectiveness of NEPIs in Government Forest Initiatives of Bavaria

This paper analyzes the use of new environmental policy instruments (NEPIs) and instrument mixes in government forest initiatives (GFIs), in Bavaria. It traces research questions on the repertoire of instruments applied and if an application of NEPIs leads to improving program effectiveness and legitimacy. In accordance with recent literature it assumes that GFIs, being developed and implemented for a long time in Bavaria, will make use of an instrument mix, including modern policy instruments; and that the use of such a mix of instruments would lead to improved effectiveness and legitimacy. The empirical paper aims to test these currently dominant theoretical thoughts and to contribute to further theoretical discussion with new empirical data, but it does not suggest a new theory. The primary data-basis for the analysis is qualitative interviews with 175 people from 16 GFIs, the selection of interviewees being based on social network analysis. The analysis uses an instrument typology as an analytical reference point and reveals that GFIs used a broad variety of instruments, both, traditional and new ones, to support and facilitate a range of activities in priority areas of forest landscapes, as expected. Some traditional instruments were modified for the use in GFIs only, other instruments were newly created for the purpose of GFIs, e.g., voluntary agreements between government forest administrations (AELFs) and private forest owners (PFOs). This supports assumptions from the theory that the most common forms of instrument integration would be layering and fusion. The paper also analyzes if the use of a mix of instruments by GFIs led to improving effectiveness and legitimacy, thereby contributing to a relevant question in the literature, because developing more complex policy instruments (NEPIs), is considered to help to avoid many problems of more traditional instruments in environmental governance. The analysis uses a set of theoretical elements, attributed to the use of NEPIs or modern instrument mixes, and compares these with actual empirical observations, to answer the question, if modern instrument approaches can lead to an improved program effectiveness and legitimacy. The paper concludes that the application of a modern mix of instruments did lead to an increase of short-term effectiveness, especially in road construction or improvement, but not to a noteworthy increase of long-term effectiveness, especially regarding forest conversion to increase forests’ climate resiliency, despite the application of nudging ‘in the forests’. Instead, nudging in the forests can result in increased conflicts and non-action, in some cases. Hence, the empirical evidence presented in this paper, does not (fully) support the assumption that a modern instrument mix would lead to improvements in effectiveness and legitimacy. It remains to be seen, if, in the longer-term, the improved road access would actually lead to more climate resilient forests; or what role natural hazards will play in this regard. Maybe, a more flexible design of the voluntary agreements and of eligibility criteria of funding schemes, could increase the share of forest owners, willing to participate and could enable processes of civic-knowledge integration and the development of more innovative, alterative-based, local solutions. Considering the strong, recent public engagement in climate change topics, this could be an opportunity to better integrate civil society to GFIs or to new forms of initiatives. A better integration of owners and society could also improve the legitimacy of GFIs, which is thwarted by the marginal participation of individual PFOs.

Advances and challenges in the water sciences in Brazil: a community synthesis of the XXIII Brazilian Water Resources Symposium

ABSTRACT In this paper we synthesize the special sessions of the XXIII Brazilian Water Resources Symposium 2019 in order to understand the major advances and challenges in the water sciences in Brazil. We analyzed more than 250 papers and presentations of 16 special sessions covering topics of Climate Variability and Change, Disasters, Modeling, Large Scale Hydrology, Remote Sensing, Education, and Water Resources Management. This exercise highlighted the unique diversity of natural and human water features in Brazil, that offers a great opportunity for understanding coupled hydrological and societal systems. Most contributions were related to methods and the quantification of water phenomena, therefore, there is a clear necessity for fostering more research on phenomena comprehension. There is a vast network of co-authorship among institutions but mostly from academia and with some degree of regional fragmentation. The ABRhidro community now has the challenge to enhance its collaboration network, the culture of synthesis analysis, and to build a common agenda for water resources research. It is also time for us to be aligned with the international water science community and to use our experiences to actively contribute to the tackling of global water issues.

Recognizing the Effect of Ecosystem Disruption on Human Health and Neurodevelopment.

The topics of climate change and ecosystem disruption are at the forefront of global discussion. Accordingly, there is a sense of urgency among citizens, environmental experts, and political leaders for action and policy change. While the effect of a changing climate on the environment is well recognized, its impact on the human body has not been sufficiently described. In our review, we will attempt to outline some of these effects. We will discuss how the recent surge of immunologic disease may be related to the changing profile of microorganisms and antigens in our every-day environment. We will explore how the introduction of antibiotics may result in an altered gut microbiome, and subsequently abnormal neurodevelopment. Finally, we will discuss a possible link between chemical preservatives and neoplastic disease.

Understanding Climate Change Topics Critically Through Android-based Module for Student

Climate change is urgent world issue that should be face critically by student. This article tries to illustrate one effort to improve student critical thinking skill toward climate change topics through developing Android-based learning module. By employing design and development research (DDR) approach this research using Search, Solve, Create, and Share (SSCS) learning model on producing the module. In the end of the process the module is ready for use because the comparison between experimental class and control class indicates that there is an increasing of student critical thinking skills when they use the module. Therefore, Android and others technological product should be recognize as having huge potential to encourage student awareness and critical thinking toward climate change issues.
 Abstrak
 Perubahan iklim adalah masalah dunia yang mendesak yang harus dihadapi secara kritis oleh siswa. Artikel ini menggambarkan satu upaya meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa terhadap topik-topik perubahan iklim dalam mata pelajaran di sekolah melalui pengembangan modul pembelajaran berbasis Android. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan Design & Development Research (DDR) penelitian ini menggunakan model pembelajaran Search, Solve, Create, dan Share (SSCS) dalam pengembangan modulnya. Pada akhir proses, modul siap digunakan karena perbandingan antara kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol menunjukkan bahwa ada peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa ketika mereka menggunakan modul tersebut. Dengan demikian, Android dan produk teknologi lainnya harus diakui memiliki potensi besar untuk mendorong kesadaran dan daya kritis siswa terhadap masalah perubahan iklim.

An analysis climate change of the curriculum in Indonesia

This study aims to analyze climate change content integrates into the new geography curriculum in Indonesia. This research uses content analysis method of curriculum document consisting of basic competence and syllabus. Results represent that overall basic competence provides a huge opportunity for students to learn climate change. But the condition is not supported by the syllabus. The topics of climate change in the syllabus are a bit and also dominated by aspects of cognition of climate change. Those are serious problems to integrate the climate change in curriculum. The Teachers will get into difficulty to teaching maximum because the teacher’s understanding of the concept of climate change in Indonesia is very limit. Therefore, it needs to be supported by a syllabus that explicitly presents topics and learning activities. The findings of this research are essential to provide input to the government in future curriculum reviews.

POWER THROUGH LINGUISTIC MODALITIES IN INDONESIAN PRESIDENTIAL SPEECHES

Language plays a crucial role in political speech. The use of a particular language canreflect or be influenced by the speaker’s ideology, power, cultural/social background, region, or social status. This paper is concerned with the relationship between language and power, specifically as manifested in the language used by an Indonesian president in international forums. It aims to uncover the power relations that were projected through the linguistic features of the president’s speech texts, particularly the use of modal verbs. Data for this paper are the speeches on the topics of peace and climate change delivered by Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) in international forums during his first and second presidential terms. This paper’s analysis of linguistic modalities uses Fairclough’s three-dimensional model of critical discourse analysis (CDA) to answer its research questions. The results show that, in projecting his power, SBY used several linguistic modal verbs. From the context of the modality used it can be understood that the president conveyed his strategic desire to be himself as he tried to relate to the audience (as he assumed it to be) and construct an image of himself, of his audience, and of their relationship. The president produced discourse that embodied assumptions about the social relations between his leadership and the audience and asserted both his legitimate power as president and his expert power. Through the language used, SBY created, sustained, and replicated the fundamental inequalities and asymmetries in the forums he attended.

Generation gaps in US public opinion on renewable energy and climate change.

The topics of climate change and renewable energy are often linked in policy discussions and scientific analysis, but public opinion on these topics exhibits both overlap and divergence. Although renewable energy has potentially broader acceptance than anthropogenic climate change, it can also face differently-based opposition. Analyses of US and regional surveys, including time series of repeated surveys in New Hampshire (2010–2018) and northeast Oregon (2011–2018), explore the social bases and trends of public views on both issues. Political divisions are prominent, although somewhat greater regarding climate change due to substantive differences and more partisan opposition. Regarding climate change and to a lesser extent renewable energy, political divisions tends to widen with education. There also are robust age and temporal effects: younger adults more often prioritize renewable energy development, and agree with scientists on the reality of anthropogenic climate change (ACC). Across all age groups and both regional series, support for renewable energy and recognition of ACC have been gradually rising. Contrary to widespread speculation, these trends have not visibly responded to events such as the US hurricanes of 2012, 2017 or 2018. Together with age-cohort replacement and the potential for changes in age-group voting participation, however, the gradual trends suggest that public pressure for action on these issues could grow.

Integrating Climate Change Topics Into Nursing Curricula.

Health professionals have a key role in addressing the health impacts of climate change at several levels: direct patient care, client and community education, health professions education, and through advocacy and health policy development. Recognizing that nurses are the first line in health education, nursing faculty at the MGH Institute of Health Professions developed the first nurse-led Center for Climate Change, Climate Justice and Health (CCCCJH). A steering committee of nurse climate change scholars and interested faculty developed a mission, vision, core values, and a strategic plan for the CCCCJH and are working on integrating climate change topics into nursing curricula at all levels. Nurses are in the ideal position to lead the way to increase awareness among health professionals and students about the health impacts of climate change. Curricular integration of climate change topics at all levels will prepare our students to meet the needs and challenges of the future. [J Nurs Educ. 2019;58(6):364-368.].

Integrating Climate Change Issues in the Upper Basic Schools of the Gambia: A Test Case of the Upper Basic School Curriculum

The study reported here focuses on integrating climate change issues in School curriculum in The Gambia. The objectives are to determine the extent to which climate-related themes presently feature in the Upper Basic (lower secondary) schools of The Gambia; propose an integration plan for enhanced climate themes in the school curriculum; and identify suitable teaching methods for conveying climate change information to students. A curriculum audit of two subject areas in the Upper Basic School where Climate issues could be taught was done. Also, a determination of suitable teaching methods for climate change themes was done with a set of questionnaires administered to 104 teachers and educators. Literature review was used to determine suitable themes for integration in the school curriculum and to obtain appropriate teaching methods. The Likert scale was used to rate the suitability of the various methods. The findings revealed that there are gaps in the curriculum in relation to climate change. For example, they showed an insufficient explanation of the impacts of climate change on human health and an omission of climate change impacts on the ecosystem. Of the 14 teaching methods which constituted the items included in the questionnaire, 12 were considered appropriate for teaching climate change themes. There was no significant difference between the mean responses of educators and teachers on the appropriate methods for teaching climate change topics. The study recommends inclusion of themes such as renewable energy sources into the school curriculum. Keywords: Climate Change, Teaching Methods, Curriculum, Integration, Upper Basic School DOI : 10.7176/JEES/9-4-05 Publication date : April 30 th 2019

Pre-service teachers’ inclusion of climate change education

<span>Findings from the study of pre-service teachers’ (PSTs) attitudes to climate change education, knowledge of climate change and potential inclusion in their future teachings are reported in this paper. Using adopted and self-made questionnaire, a sample of 180 pre-service teachers participated in a survey study in the College of Education, University of Nueva Caceres, divided into freshmen and senior year to examine developments in their attitudes to environmental education and their knowledge of climate change. Results showed that their attitudes towards climate change education were low and their climate change science knowledge had not changed. Data on preservice teachers’ sources of information for climate change, their views on essential climate change topics for their future students and their perceptions of gaps in their own training in relation to climate change education were also examined in order to substantiate the survey data. Results show that there is a need to triangulate climate change education not only in the program outcomes but also to the student and faculty development programs. Further results are discussed in this paper.</span>

Perception, Attitude and Practices Regarding Climate Change among College Students in Coastal South India

Introduction:From developing innovative practicesto reduce the effects of changing climate, and to the implementation of legislations the young people can contribute immensely. Materials and Method: In this cross-sectional survey 375 college students from Mangaluru city were assessed regarding their perception, and attitude towards climate change and their practices towards mitigating it. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Institutional Ethics Committee approval was obtained prior to commencement of the study. Results: The mean age of the student was 21.6 ± 2.6 years. Statistically significant differences were found between the two groups on impacts of changing climate such as Changes in population of certain species, rising sea levels, increase in diseases and increase in flooding. (p<0.05). Reducing the use of electricity, and water, walking or cycling to work were the most commonly followed practices Conclusion: The study highlights the pressing need for changes in curricula in schools and colleges. Traditional diversion of students into science and non-science fields should be overcome by including climate change topics in junior school as part of subjects dealing with science and environment.Introduction:From developing innovative practicesto reduce the effects of changing climate, and to the implementation of legislations the young people can contribute immensely. Materials and Method: In this cross-sectional survey 375 college students from Mangaluru city were assessed regarding their perception, and attitude towards climate change and their practices towards mitigating it. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Institutional Ethics Committee approval was obtained prior to commencement of the study. Results: The mean age of the student was 21.6 ± 2.6 years. Statistically significant differences were found between the two groups on impacts of changing climate such as Changes in population of certain species, rising sea levels, increase in diseases and increase in flooding. (p<0.05). Reducing the use of electricity, and water, walking or cycling to work were the most commonly followed practices Conclusion: The study highlights the pressing need for changes in curricula in schools and colleges. Traditional diversion of students into science and non-science fields should be overcome by including climate change topics in junior school as part of subjects dealing with science and environment.

Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Interests in Climate Change Topics through Web Search Information, Case Study: Egypt

The accelerated frequently use of the Internet for a variety of purposes generates massive datasets with large structure that are generated by individuals and organizations all over the world at very high rate, which is referred to “Big Data”. Google is one of the most popular web search engines that is widely used by millions of people to look for information. Thus, it represents one of the Big Data sources as they provide valuable information about public interest. This paper is intended to take the advantage of Big Data in assessing temporal pattern of interest in climate change topics in Egypt during the period 2012-2017, highlighting spatial variations of interest in climate change in Egypt and interpret such variations. For this purpose, data on search volume of various climate change topics was retrieved from Google Trend service. The retrieved data was analyzed and interpreted. It was found that the interest in climate change in Egypt has been experiencing different trends during the period 2012-2017, where interest in some issues such as Nile delta and adaptation increased noticeably during this period. Also, the level of interest in climate change varied spatially among different parts of Egypt, the spatial variations were found to be associated with both of human and institutional capacities. Keywords Big data; Climate change; Egypt; Spatial-temporal analysis DOI: https://doi.org/10.23953/cloud.ijarsg.390

Public Perception of Climate Change in Alaska: A Case Study of Opinion-Mining using Twitter

The Arctic, and with it the State of Alaska, USA, is an area highly impacted by climate change. Changing environmental conditions have started to impact local communities, causing a need for changes ranging from new infrastructure to the relocation of entire towns. These changes connected to rising temperatures have been shown to affect people’s overall health, and their mental health in particular. Previous studies using opinion-mining and Twitter data have focused on large areas, not distinguishing between regions within countries. In the course of the research presented in this paper, we analysed Twitter data for the period 2013–2017, from which we extracted opinions concerning climate change topics by applying sentiment analysis (polarity and feelings) and climate change dictionaries, on a 10 x 10 km grid for the State of Alaska, USA. The number of climate change-relevant tweets was found to be much lower than reported in previous studies, where the USA was only considered in its entirety. After applying a topic-modelling approach, we found little difference between the spatial distributions of hotspots for the different climate change topics. A comparison with population data showed considerable biases towards English-speaking communities, tweets in indigenous languages being excluded when pre-defined dictionaries in English were used.

Using Scholarly Big Data in Assessing Contribution of National Expertise to Climate Change Knowledge; Case Study: Egypt

Scholarly documents are generated on daily basis in varied formats. Google Scholar is one of the most popular open access web search engines that involves metadata of massive volume of varied scholarly literature that is generated autonomously and in high velocity. This means that Google Scholar data should be considered from Big Data perspective. Despite a growing literature on climate change in Egypt, there has never been a comprehensive survey of the literature produced by Egyptian researchers in the field. The paper in hand is intended to study and assess existing literature on climate change undertaken by Egyptian researchers available at Google Scholar. For this purpose, systematic mapping approach was utilized in this work. It was found that there were 189 research papers undertaken by Egyptian researchers on various climate change topics over a ten years period 2007-2017. Yet, about 33% of the produced literature was found to have been published in less reputable publications. Research papers undertaken by Egyptian researchers were found to be on the increase during this period. It was also found that the majority of the published research focused on specific topics such as agriculture and sea level rise, while disregarding a number of vital topics in the case of Egypt such as tourism, health and energy.

Global warming and sustainability: Understanding the beliefs of marketing faculty

Addressing climate change and sustainability topics in university research and teaching is paramount; however, the majority of marketing studies and courses do not examine these concepts. We investigate global warming beliefs and the sustainability values, attitudes, and beliefs of marketing faculty to understand how these may impact upon the state of sustainability research and teaching within the marketing academy. Using an online survey method, marketing faculty were surveyed from around the world. We found that belief in global warming was high and that this was affected by political ideology and research area. We also found broad perceptions of sustainability (i.e., beyond the environmental domain) in marketing faculty, possibly more so than previous higher education studies have revealed. However, a greater belief in market ideology to solve sustainability issues also exists. We found significant effects or associations between gender, political ideology, religion, expertise, region of current residence, and region of conferred highest degree on sustainability beliefs (definition, conception, and attitudes). Considering that we find a high belief in global warming and a broad and holistic understanding and positive attitude towards sustainability, questions remain about why only limited research and teaching has been done on the intersection between marketing and sustainability.

Alignment between informal educator perceptions and audience expectations of climate change education

ABSTRACTTo understand the complexities of climate change on educator-visitor relationships, we compared educators' perceptions with audiences' expectations for informal science education institutions. Our findings suggest two disconnects: (a) a professional recognition that climate change education is related to institutional mission but a lack of intentional integration of this issue into programming and (b) a misalignment between what educators believe visitors “need to know” and what visitors say they “need to know.” These findings indicate institutions' need to discuss how climate change topics integrate with ongoing education efforts and how to best approach messaging and support staff to meet audience expectations.

Climate change and tourism: a scientometric analysis using CiteSpace

ABSTRACTThe interaction between climate change and tourism has been one of the most critical and dynamic research areas in the field of sustainable tourism in recent years. In this paper, a scientometric analysis of 976 academic publications between 1990 and 2015 related to climate change and tourism is presented to characterize the intellectual landscape by identifying and visualizing the evolution of the collaboration network, the co-citation network, and emerging trends. The results show that the number of publications in this field has increased rapidly and it has become an increasingly interdisciplinary research subject. The most productive authors and institutions in this subject area are in Australia, USA, Canada, New Zealand, and European countries. In this paper, we identify the most pressing topics of climate change and tourism research, as represented in the existing literature, which include the consequences of climate change for tourism, necessary adaptations, the vulnerability of the tourism industry, tourist behaviour and demand in response to climate change, and emission reductions in the tourism sector. The paper presents an in-depth analysis of climate change and tourism research to better understand global trends and directions in this field that have emerged over the past 25 years.