Client Devices Research Articles

PAT: A precise reward scheme achieving anonymity and traceability for crowdcomputing in public clouds

While providing anonymity at terminal devices (e.g. Android and iOS devices) is beneficial for users (e.g. consuming services and resources without the risk of being traced), relevant stakeholders (e.g. providers and governments) may require conditional anonymity for billing purpose or to locate dishonest or compromised client devices. In a cloud computing deployment where large number of computation tasks are submitted to the public cloud, the public cloud server may encounter computation peak and hence, responses to the terminal devices may be delayed. Thus, in this paper, we design the first precise reward scheme achieving both anonymity and traceability for crowdcomputing in public clouds. We then prove the security of the proposed scheme in the random oracle model, and demonstrate the practicality of the scheme using simulations.

Joint Optimization of Task Scheduling and Image Placement in Fog Computing Supported Software-Defined Embedded System

Traditional standalone embedded system is limited in their functionality, flexibility, and scalability. Fog computing platform, characterized by pushing the cloud services to the network edge, is a promising solution to support and strengthen traditional embedded system. Resource management is always a critical issue to the system performance. In this paper, we consider a fog computing supported software-defined embedded system, where task images lay in the storage server while computations can be conducted on either embedded device or a computation server. It is significant to design an efficient task scheduling and resource management strategy with minimized task completion time for promoting the user experience. To this end, three issues are investigated in this paper: 1) how to balance the workload on a client device and computation servers, i.e., task scheduling, 2) how to place task images on storage servers, i.e., resource management, and 3) how to balance the I/O interrupt requests among the storage servers. They are jointly considered and formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem. To deal with its high computation complexity, a computation-efficient solution is proposed based on our formulation and validated by extensive simulation based studies.

Forensic Investigation of Cooperative Storage Cloud Service: Symform as a Case Study.

Researchers envisioned Storage as a Service (StaaS) as an effective solution to the distributed management of digital data. Cooperative storage cloud forensic is relatively new and is an under-explored area of research. Using Symform as a case study, we seek to determine the data remnants from the use of cooperative cloud storage services. In particular, we consider both mobile devices and personal computers running various popular operating systems, namely Windows 8.1, Mac OS X Mavericks 10.9.5, Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS, iOS 7.1.2, and Android KitKat 4.4.4. Potential artefacts recovered during the research include data relating to the installation and uninstallation of the cloud applications, log-in to and log-out from Symform account using the client application, file synchronization as well as their time stamp information. This research contributes to an in-depth understanding of the types of terrestrial artifacts that are likely to remain after the use of cooperative storage cloud on client devices.

Self-Tuning Service Provisioning for Decentralized Cloud Applications

Cloud computing has revolutionized service delivery by providing on-demand invocation and elasticity. To reap these benefits, computation has been displaced from client devices and into data centers. This partial centralization is undesirable for applications that have stringent locality requirements, e.g., low latency. This problem could be addressed with large numbers of smaller cloud resources closer to users. However, as cloud computing diffuses from within data centers and into the network, there will be a need for cloud resource allocation algorithms that operate on resource-constrained computational units that serve localized subsets of customers. In this paper, we present a mechanism for service provisioning in distributed clouds where applications compete for resources. The mechanism operates by enabling execution zones to assign resources based on Vickrey auctions and provides high-quality probabilistic models that applications can use to predict the outcomes of such auctions. This allows applications to use knowledge of the locality distribution of their clients to accurately select the number of bids to be sent to each execution zone and their value. The proposed mechanism is highly scalable, efficient, and validated by extensive simulations.

Autonomous Navigation of Mobile Robot Based on Flood Fill Algorithm

The autonomous navigation of robots is an important area of research. It can intelligently navigate itself from source to target within an environment without human interaction. Recently, algorithms and techniques have been made and developed to improve the performance of robots. It’s more effective and has high precision tasks than before. This work proposed to solve a maze using a Flood fill algorithm based on real time camera monitoring the movement on its environment. Live video streaming sends an obtained data to be processed by the server. The server sends back the information to the robot via wireless radio. The robot works as a client device moves from point to point depends on server information. Using camera in this work allows voiding great time that needs it to indicate the route by the robot.

SoIoT

An emerging issue in urban computing environments is the seamless selection, composition, and delivery of user-centric services that run over what is known as the Internet of Things (IoT). This challenge is about enabling services actuated by IoT devices to be delivered spontaneously from the perspective of users. To accomplish this goal, we propose the Service-Oriented Internet of Things (SoIoT), a user-centric IoT-based service framework, which integrates services that utilize IoT resources in an urban computing environment. This framework provides a task-oriented computing approach that enables the composition of IoT-based services in a spontaneous manner to accomplish a user task. Tasks can also be recommended to users based on the available IoT resources in an environment and on the contextual knowledge that is represented and managed in social, spatial, and temporal aspects. These tasks are then bound to a set of service instances and performed in a distributed manner. This final composition ensures the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of the tasks and is assigned to multiple client devices for the efficient utilization of IoT resources. We prove the practicality of our approach by showing a real-case service scenario implemented in our IoT-based test-bed as well as experimental results.

Application of precise indoor position tracking to immersive virtual reality with translational movement support

In this study, we propose an application for immersive virtual reality experiences, which integrates three-dimensional (3D) head-mounted displays (HMDs) with a precise indoor position tracking algorithm based on ultrasound. Our method provides a natural virtual reality experience with interaction by precisely matching the physical movements in the real world with those in the virtual environment, unlike other methods that require external input devices to move around in the virtual environment. Users can move within the assigned indoor space while carrying a wireless client device with the HMD, without the risk of colliding with obstacles or structures. The system is designed to provide the accurate 3D X, Y, and Z coordinate values of translational movements in real-time as well as the pitch, roll, and yaw values of rotational movements supported by the HMD, resulting in the six degrees of freedom required by immersive virtual reality. In addition, the system utilizes ultrasonic transducers in a grid format, which makes it simple to expand the position tracking coverage area, and supports simultaneous tracking of multiple users. Through experiments and a user study we show that the system obtains the accurate position of the moving objects and delivers a highly immersive virtual reality experience.

Forensic analysis of cloud-native artifacts

Forensic analysis of cloud artifacts is still in its infancy; current approaches overwhelming follow the traditional method of collecting artifacts on a client device. In this work, we introduce the concept of analyzing cloud-native digital artifacts–data objects that maintain the persistent state of web/SaaS applications. Unlike traditional applications, in which the persistent state takes the form of files in the local file system, web apps download the necessary state on the fly and leave no trace in local storage.Using Google Docs as a case study, we demonstrate that such artifacts can have a completely different structure–their state is often maintained in the form of a complete (or partial) log of user editing actions. Thus, the traditional approach of obtaining a snapshot in time of the state of the artifacts is inherently forensically deficient in that it ignores potentially critical information on the evolution of a document over time. Further, cloud-native artifacts have no standardized external representation, which raises questions with respect to their long-term preservation and interpretation.

On 802.11 Access Point Locatability and Named Entity Recognition in Service Set Identifiers

The 802.11 active service discovery mechanism requires the transmission of various attributes in a plain text. These attributes can be collected using passive monitoring and can be used to enumerate the preferred network list (PNL) of client devices. In this paper, we focus on the information that can be obtained using the service set identifiers (SSIDs) that make up the PNL. First, we describe a simple model based on a wireless access point geolocation technique to gauge the potential device locatability using data available on WiGLE.net. Second, we look at additional information that can be extracted from the SSID strings. Our hypothesis is that the entities of potential interest, such as locations and personal names contained within SSIDs, can be recognized in an automated fashion. Using two freely available pretrained named entity recognizers, we were able to identify up to 49% of SSIDs as possibly carrying entities of interest based on multiple data sets. We also show that extracted attributes can be used as an inference basis for additional inference attacks, which presents further opportunities in forensic and intelligence contexts.

A New Technique for Optimizing Resource Allocation and Data Distribution in Mobile Cloud Computing

The emergence of mobile cloud computing (MCC) brings benefits to mobile users and cloud providers. However, due to the inherent limitations of the device such as battery life time, CPU and memory capacity, a mobile thin client device ( e.g. smart phones, tablets, iWatch, Google Glass, etc ) cannot meet the requirements of some demanding applications. To alleviate this limitation, the mobile device should cooperate with external resources to increase its performance. Recently, current research approaches have been unable to offer an efficient, seamless computing experience. In this paper, we present a comprehensive thin-thick client collaboration that involves conventional desktop or laptop computers, known as thick clients, by allowing the thin client to borrow resources from thick clients, particularly for optimizing data distribution and utilizing MCC resources to meet Service-Level Agreements, Quality-of-Service requirements and cloud service customers’ budget. Our work uses both numerical analysis and simulation to prove that our proposed architecture can improve resource allocation efficiency and achieve better performance than other existing approaches in some cases. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.eee.22.1.14113

An improved database synchronization mechanism for mobile data using software-defined networking control

Next-generation wireless technology supports notably high data rates and smart hand-held devices together with data processing, which creates a great challenge for moving these contents from server to client. The classical issue of mobile data synchronization for high-speed data networks can be addressed through Software Defined Networking (SDN) Control. The proposed IDBSync (Improved Database Synchronization) mechanism expedites data synchronization between the server-side and mobile database in a SDN setup. The tables of the synchronization server are maintained in the control plane, including replicas of the data tables at the server and client devices collected from the data planes for application of the synchronization policy. The IDBSync uses BaSyM (Batch Level Synchronization Methodology) to group similar cases for synchronization to considerably reduce network usage and energy consumption in a heterogeneous environment. Comparative performance analysis of the proposed mechanism is performed with reference to commercial approaches.

VIWA: COMPUTER INTERFACE DEVICE FOR PARALYZED PEOPLE USING BREATH PRESSURE

The VIWA system has been developed to provide computer access for paralyzed people. The system detects the users’ breath pressure with an electrical board and translates it to the location coordinates in computer display screen. The user navigates mouse cursor by specifying the coordination of x and y. A graphical keyboard has been designed to provide text-entry ability with text-to-speech embedded feature. The system is platform-independent and can be run in every client side devices. A group of 10 people without disabilities tested the VIWA and quickly learned how to use it to spell out messages or interact with computer. Ten people with disabilities also tried the system. The measured mistakes and time are showing that the user is capable to control the mouse cursor with the accuracy of 99.8%. The average time of experiment shows that users can reach their speed of writing to 7.9 words/min after two attempts.

System Design of Mobile Augmented Book

Mobile technologies play an increasingly important role in education. Devices such as smart phones and tablets are becoming powerful tools in the hands for e-Learning, m-Learning and ubiquitous learning. In this paper, the authors propose analysis and design software architecture of a mobile augmented book for in-class and out-class learning. The aim is to improve the quality and usefulness of mobile learning by utilizing a physical book and a mobile device. Requirements, roles, and system architecture are discussed in terms of adaptive learning. The system architecture is based on a three-tier model; presentation tier, application logic tier and data tier. The application logic tier is comprised of four main components including 1) Profile/Registration, 2) Content/ Administration, 3) Communication 4) Quiz and 5) Report. The data tier consists of 1) Cloud Service, 2) Media Server and 3) Database. The presentation tier is designed to support all mobile devices--smart phones and tablets and all popular platforms including Android, iOS, Windows phone, Tizen, Ubuntu, Firefox and BlackBerry. JSON and Streaming media are used for the communications between the presentation tier (client devices) and the application logic tier. The data tier consists of 1) repository using cloud service and media server for storing and retrieving digital contents and 2) database for credentials, content descriptions and meta-data.

A new Model for a Remote Connection with Hardware Devices using Javascript

Nowadays online resources play an important role in teaching and learning thanks to new advances in technology. This importance is enhanced in scientific areas and even more for distance education universities, where the classic hands-on laboratories are not always possible. For that reason, these face-to-face laboratory practices have been replaced or even complemented with online virtual and remote laboratories (VRL). Normally, these applications are developed with high level programming tools, and these, to greater or lesser extent, use Java. Unfortunately, the newly discovered Java security issues and the impossibility to run Java in smart devices are restrictions to the dissemination of this kind of applications. This work is the first step towards get a new structure to Easy Java/Javascript Simulations (EjsS) that allows a remote connection with hardware devices using javascript. In this regard, the first objective is to solve the problems with Java applications when using EjsS. The proposed solution provides the user a structure to reuse their VRLs using a Java model that runs in a server and a Javascript graphical user interface in the client device.

Qualitative Assessment of the Feasibility, Usability, and Acceptability of a Mobile Client Data App for Community-Based Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Care in Rural Ghana.

Mobile phone applications may enhance the delivery of critical health services and the accuracy of health service data. Yet, the opinions and experiences of frontline health workers on using mobile apps to track pregnant and recently delivered women are underreported. This evaluation qualitatively assessed the feasibility, usability, and acceptability of a mobile Client Data App for maternal, neonatal, and child client data management by community health nurses (CHNs) in rural Ghana. The mobile app enabled CHNs to enter, summarize, and query client data. It also sent visit reminders for clients and provided a mechanism to report level of care to district officers. Fourteen interviews and two focus groups with CHNs, midwives, and district health officers were conducted, coded, and thematically analyzed. Results indicated that the app was easily integrated into care, improved CHN productivity, and was acceptable due to its capacity to facilitate client follow-up, data reporting, and decision-making. However, the feasibility and usability of the app were hindered by high client volumes, staff shortages, and software and device challenges. Successful integration of mobile client data apps for frontline health workers in rural and resource-poor settings requires real-time monitoring, program investments, and targeted changes in human resources.

M-Tree based on the Fly Automatic Webpage Adaptation for Small Display Device

Due to the large growth of the electronics industries, the aggregate number of mobile users are increased side by side the content available in the internet also grown hugely. In this paper we are coming up with a strategy which converts the existing websites into mobile site automatically. in the current newly coming websites are developed using the css frameworks like bootstrap, html boil plates etc., but the previously developed websites are to be totally reconstructing to fit in the small displays. We propose a tree structure based automatic web page adaptation for small display devices. These is mining the webpage content and generate a D-tree taking into account of the content present in the webpage and using the M-Tree and construct the new SM-tree which has to be optimized data which is need for the small display devices alone. Using the latest css framework called Google material framework that m-tree is automatically convert the html pages. The multimedia contents like images and videos have compressed based on the client device configuration. This result in reducing the webpage loading time in mobile device and also cut the cost in revamping the old websites.

Extracting Potential Forensic Evidences from Cloud Client Device using own Cloud as a Case Study

The highly distribution of cloud storage as a mean to store data rises the need to find a suitable forensic methods to extract forensic evidences during investigating criminal or illegal activities on cloud accounts. Most accurate evidences can be extracted from cloud serves; however forensic investigators cannot grant access to cloud servers due to privacy policies followed by cloud providers. Actually, amount of evidences can be extracted from client devices that may be of forensic investigator’s interests. This research utilizes open source cloud software to study cloud client structure to extract potential evidences from cloud client devices that will serve cloud forensic investigation field.

An Efficient Strategy to Provide Secure Authentication on using TPM

The major objective of the paper is to implement cost effective TPM based software, which reduces the TPM chip as it is implemented in hardware. Also to improve security among computers and to authenticate the users by using secured software based TPM. To improve the authentication of various client devices that are connected to private network. The research has to be exposed to all possible threats involved in TPM based on weaknesses of password based authentication, such as easy to guess, subject to dictionary attack, easy to snoop or lose and easy to share with others. The methodology involved in this paper must protect the compromised client and enable network administrator from causing disrupt to the available network. The systems with TPM must store sensitive data in a secure location instead on separate piece of chip. The major statistical survey of this paper deals with the primary machine, which will be allocated to each individual user by accepting their necessary details like device information. The collected information will be kept as a private connected network in a local server. If new user wants to access the locally connected machine, then his information will be collected separately and username and password will be sent to him through mobile. The temporary users’ information will be kept in the secondary machine for future use. In this way, the system will get improve secure feature and avoid unauthenticated user to access the machine. The proposed system performs well to safeguard the information and it is experimentally verified in various organizations. In banking information system, each employee’s information is verified and stored in the background server. This will protect the information more secure between the clients and the server. As an improvement, the research work will be carried out for business intelligence in Internet of Things using Mobile Application.

MWMon: A Software Defined Network-based Malware Monitor

An antivirus is a widely used solution for detecting malicious softwares in client devices. The performance of antivirus solutions in the mobile client environment is critical due to its resource constrains. Many solutions light-weighting client's overhead in the mobile client environment have been developed. However, most solutions require platform modifications or software installations and it decreases their realizations in practice. In this paper, we propose a solution detecting malwares on networks using the Software Defined Network (SDN). Our main goal is designing a solution detecting malwares of mobile client without involving the client into the work. We contribute to provide a solution that does not require client-side installations or modifications and so is easily applicable in practice.

The Design of a Client-Cloud Computing Collaborative Model

As a new computing pattern, client-cloud computing can provide limitless computing and storage capacity according to the need for different types of client devices and avoid the increasingly skeptical cloud security question. For this purpose, a client-cloud computing collaborative architecture was built. On this basis, a collaborative service model based on the cloud and centered on clients was designed, and some crucial steps of collaborative application initiated by client were analyzed. A collaborative system development, maintenance method and process centered on clients were pointed out. The client-cloud computing collaborative model proposed in this paper provided a distributional, effective, independent, unfailing and secure architecture for the collaboration, highlighted the user’s core position in collaborative activities, permitted individual users to start and manage collaborative application fast and easy from local.