Clerical Office Research Articles

The Impact of Office Automation on the Secretarial and Clerical Office Worker

The Impact of Office Automation on the Secretarial and Clerical Office Worker

Assessment of musculo-skeletal discomfort in a large clerical office: A case study : Webb, R.D.G., Tack, D., andMcIlroy, W.E. In: Proceedings of the 1984 International Conference on Occupational Ergonomics, Toronto, Ontario, 7–9 May 1984, Edited by D.A. Attwood and C. McCann, Vol 1, pp 392–396

Assessment of musculo-skeletal discomfort in a large clerical office: A case study : Webb, R.D.G., Tack, D., andMcIlroy, W.E. In: Proceedings of the 1984 International Conference on Occupational Ergonomics, Toronto, Ontario, 7–9 May 1984, Edited by D.A. Attwood and C. McCann, Vol 1, pp 392–396

Where Women are Going

By the start of the 1980s, over 42 per cent of the total work‐force in the UK were women, with 52 per cent of all women between the ages of 16 and 60 working either part‐time or full‐time, the highest proportion of working women of any country in the EEC. Over 60 per cent of these women worked in three service industries: clerical and related; education, health and welfare, and catering, cleaning and other personal services, with clerical workers by far the biggest grouping. Women are not only concentrated in the low‐status industries, but at the bottom levels of these. For example, whereas women represent just under 75 per cent of all clerical and related workers, they account for only 19 per cent of office managers. Indeed, a recent report of the UK government's Manpower Services Commission (MSC) shows that in the UK only 20 per cent of all managers are women and if we exclude those women managers who work in clerical offices, wholesale/retail concerns and in hotels and catering, the figure drops to 10 per cent, with only eight per cent in general management posts.

Exposures to Respirable, Airborne Penicillium from a Contaminated Ventilation System: Clinical, Environmental and Epidemiological Aspects

Symptoms compatible with hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) in two of fourteen employees in a clerical office prompted an investigation of their work environment. Forced-air heater-cooler units which had not been properly maintained were implicated when they were found to be grossly contaminated with predominantlyPenicillium molds. Air-sampling for viable, respirable-size particulates in the affected office and an unaffected office in the same building demonstrated a 5O- to 80-fold excess in the number of colony-forming-units per cubic meter of air in the affected office. Persistent alveolitis was documented by repeated bronchoalveolar lavage, gallium scan, and other studies in one affected worker whose peripheral lymphocytes underwent blast transformation in response toPenicillium antigens obtained by air-sampling in the work environment. The other affected worker had asthma, presumably exacerbated by exposures to a variety of inhaled environmental irritants and antigens. Despite a documented reduction of airborne fungi to background exposure levels after clean-up of the forced-air units, the worker with persistent alveolitis has had occasional recurrences of symptoms consistent with HP. Further research is needed to establish health guidelines for control of occupational and non-occupational exposures to respirable fungal organisms which may contaminate cooling, heating and humidifying systems in these settings. A multidisciplinary method of approach to such research is described.

How do people organize their desks? (Extended Abstract)

In this paper, I describe a series of case studies of how professional and clerical office workers organize the information in their desks and offices. Then I discuss a number of implications of these results for designing natural and convenient office information systems. Two principal claims are made: (1) A very important function of desk organization is to remind the user of things to do, not just to help the user find desired information. Failing to support this function can seriously impair the usefulness of electronic office systems, and explicitly facilitating it can provide an important advantage for automated office systems over their non-automated predecessors. (2) The cognitive difficulty of categorizing information is an important factor in explaining how people organize their desks. Computer-based systems can help with this difficulty by: (a) doing as much automatic classification as possible (e.g., based on access dates), and by (b) including untitled “piles” of information arranged by physical location as well as explicitly titled and logically arranged “files”.

The Shallow end

In future, the Secretary of the Library Association will be known as the Secretary‐General, it was decided at the Council meeting on November 2. Professor Keith Harris said that if his secretary rang someone with the title of secretary, she would expect that person to take shorthand notes, and Godfrey Thompson said that a secretary was a clerical officer of fairly low standing. LAR 81 (11) November 1979.

Who would be a dean? A light-hearted look at the impossibility of the task.

Who would be a dean of medicine ? thought is prompted by reading a paper on The Medical Deanship by Robert J Glaser, who has suffered the pangs of office. word comes from St Benedict. In founding the monastery of Monte Cassino in the 6th century, he divided the brotherhood into groups of 10, over whom he set one-the dean. dictionary gives derivations from doyen and the Greek dekanos, meaning one set over 10. Fowler says that dean and doyen were originally the same word but that dean is now reserved for academic and clerical officers and doyen for senior members of any community, especially the diplomatic corps. Nowadays some members of the decanal group might often wish that they had only 10 others to deal with, for the other thing in Glaser's reminiscences was a true story. A businessman in a committee dealing with many major problems then afflicting the Stanford University Medical School passed him a note which read I have come to the conclusion that there is no way to do your job. Often it seems like that.

An Exploratory Note on Financial Constraints and Desired Family Size: Analysis of Data from a Pilot Study of Male Clerical Officers in Accra

An Exploratory Note on Financial Constraints and Desired Family Size: Analysis of Data from a Pilot Study of Male Clerical Officers in Accra

Lead in human hair: relation to age, sex and environmental factors.

Analyses were carried out on hair from 250 subjects, male and female, with ages ranging from 1 to 87 years. The sample represented a cross-section of the population of a community of about 60,000 people and represented a wide range of occupations. Analysis of the data was made in terms of age, sex and occupational differences. Hair samples from the sides and back of the head, generally representing a distal portion of the hair about 3 cm in length, were collected inaplastic bags for washing and analysis. Analyses were carried out with a varian AA-5 atomic absorption spectrophotometer, using standard solutions in 2M HCl. The results showed that there were no specific age- or sex-related hair-lead levels. Highly significant elevations were found only in a group of occupations which would be expected to involve above-normal exposure to metallic lead or to motor-vehicle exhaust particulates and urban dusts. Printers, mechanics, drivers, machinists, metalworkers, and other related technical occupations had significantly higher lead levels than students, laboratory staff, clerical and other office workers, businessmen, teachers, accountants and other professional occupations.

John Backhouse and the Origins of the Permanent Undersecretaryship for Foreign Affairs: 1828-1842

One of the more important features of the transformation of the departmental service of the eighteenth century into the civil service of the nineteenth century was the emergence of the permanent official. There had always been a degree of permanence in the bureaucracy, particularly in the clerical positions, but in the higher ranks and especially among the undersecretaries the distinction between political and clerical officers tended to be blurred and each man had responsibilities in both spheres. By 1830 these officials no longer occupied ambivalent situations. In most departments one was a political appointee whose position was dependent on the political fortunes of the minister. The other undersecretary, however, had shed his political responsibilities and as a consequence was more or less immune to the political forces of parliamentary politics.Yet the process whereby these events took place was to a certain extent individualized in different departments. In the case of the Foreign Office the impact of financial and political changes in the state was considerably less important than in departments such as the Treasury. Neither of the foreign undersecretaries had ever had much influence over the formation of policy, nor were they to gain responsibility in this area during the 1830s. Yet clearly by the time Lord Palmerston became foreign secretary one of these men, John Backhouse, occupied a permanent position while his colleague, Sir George Shee, held a more temporary status. The distinction between the two positions became more rigid during the period Backhouse remained in office not so much as a result of political forces in the state, though these forces contributed somewhat to the changes that occurred, but as a consequence of Backhouse's growing responsibility for supervising the establishment.

Exposure to antomobile exhaust. I. Prevalence of respiratory symptoms and disease.

The prevalence of chronic, nonspecific respiratory disease was assessed using a modified version of the Medical Research Council’s (MRC) respiratory disease questionnaire in a population of 268 policemen exposed to a spectrum of levels of automobile exhaust as traffic officers, patrol car officers, and indoor clerical officers. There were 99 men (36.9%) who fulfilled the usual criteria used with the MRC questionnaire for the diagnosis of disease. Data are presented to show that the men represent comparable groups and that smoking, and to a lesser extent traffic exposure, are associated factors in the development of disease. A summary of the environmental data is presented to indicate the kinds of exposure these men experience. Annual medical assessment and seasonal environmental assessments are planned to permit prospective evaluation of the effects of chronic exposure to automobile exhaust.

The Prevalence of Respiratory Findings in a Population with Defined Chronic Exposure to Ambient Levels of Automobile Exhaust

The prevalence of chronic non-specific respiratory diseases was assessed using a modified version of the Medical Research Council's Respiratory Disease questionnaire in a population of 268 New England policemen exposed to a spectrum of levels of automobile exhaust as traffic officers, in car officers and inside clerical officers. Pulmonary function was assessed by spirometric tracing of FEV1, FVC; peak expiratory flow (PEFR) was measured by the Wright peak flow meter, and flow-volume curves were obtained on a Krogh spirometer modified and constructed for use in field studies.

The Roman Elite from Constantine to Charlemagne

The Roman elite in the early fourth century comprised a landholding aristocracy that was deeply conscious of its status and privileges, anxious to preserve its distinctive culture, closely connected to the imperial court and often in possession of high office in the empire. In the five centuries that elapsed between Constantine and Charlemagne, the qualities and characteristics that defined the Roman elite changed dramatically in some ways and changed very little in other ways. By 800 the elite still held high office, but now almost exclusively in the church. The elite still valued rank and status but they were defined less by traditional Roman marks of distinction than by clerical office. If adherence to Rome’s classical culture marked the elite at one time, then devotion to the city’s Christian past marked it in another time. Landholding remained a constant but the scale of landed wealth declined over time. The great engines of change were the division of the empire and the disappearance of the western imperial regime; a series of wars – Gothic and Lombard, especially; the emergence and failure of a Byzantine administration around Rome; the Frankish presence in Italy; and the clericalization of Roman high culture.

EXAMINATIONS AND TRAINING FOR CLERICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN NEW SOUTH WALES1

Australian Journal of Public AdministrationVolume 24, Issue 3 p. 230-247 EXAMINATIONS AND TRAINING FOR CLERICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN NEW SOUTH WALES1 H. F. Heath, H. F. HeathSearch for more papers by this author H. F. Heath, H. F. HeathSearch for more papers by this author First published: September 1965 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.1965.tb00671.x An address to the N.S.W. Regional Group of the Royal Institute of Public Administration on 6th May 1965. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume24, Issue3September 1965Pages 230-247 RelatedInformation

The Book Shelf

Abstract Clerical Office Training, by Allan E. Barron and James R. Taylor, Englewood Cllh, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 436 pp., $4.52. Principles and Problems In College Business Mathematics, Third Edition, by R. Robert Rosenberg, New York: Gregg Publlshing Division, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., (soft-cover text-workbook) 220 pp., 1961. $3.25. Programed Instruction for Schools and Industry, by J. L. Hughes, Chicago: Science Research Associates, Inc. 299 pp., 1962. $6. GRegg Shorthand-Diamond Jubilee Series, by John Robert Gregg, Louis A. Leslie and Charles E. Zoubek, New York: Gregg Publishing Division, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 384 pp., 1963. $3.84. Transcription Techniques—IBM Executary Dictation Equipment. Educational Services Department, Electric Typewriter Division, International Business Machines Corporation. 545 Madison Avenue, New York 22, N. Y., 90 pp. (16 Practice Belts and 4 Test Belts), 1960. $18.00 per set (Training Package supplied free of charge with purchase of transcription equipment). How to Use Business Machines, Second Edition, by Harold D. Fasnacht and Harry B. Bauernfeind, New York: Gregg Publishing Division, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., (paper bound), 124 pp., 1962. $2.28.

The Book Shelf

Abstract Abstract Clerical Office Practice Set, by Esther Sandry, New York: Pitman Publishing Corporation, 1961. $.88. Office Management and Control, 4th. Edition, by George R. Terry, Homewood, Illinois: Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 744 pp., 1962. $7.95. Medical Typing Practice, by Kathleen lerger Root and Edward E. Eyers, New York: Gregg Publishing Division, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., (spiral-bound, hard paper cover) 74 pp., 1962. $2.50. Modern Corporation Finance, 5th Edition, by William H. Husband and James C. Dockeray, Homewood, Illinois: Richard D. Irwin, Inc., 765 pp., 1962. 58.25. Business Communication and Type-Writing, by Wayne Murlin Baty, Belmont, California: Wadrworth Publishing Company, Inc., 224 pp., 1962. (spiral-bound, hard paper cover), $3.96. Timed Writings for Typing and Transcribing, by Katherine Humphrey, Allie Dale Lambert, Howard L. Newhouse, New York: Gregg Publishing Division, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 96 pp., (spiral-bound, hard cover), 1962. $2.20. Typing Speed Builders, by Mary E. Connelly and Leonard J. Porter, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice. Hall, Inc., 60 pp., (spiral-bound, soft cover), 1962. Typewriting Techniques and Short Cuts, Third Edition, by Lenore Fenton MacClain and J. Frank Dame, Cincinnati: South-Western Publishing Company, 106 pp., (spiral-bound), 1962. $1.76.

The epidemiology of the common cold. III. The effect of ventilation, air disinfection and room size.

Mechanical ventilation at 7 air changes/hr., air disinfection using vaporized hexyl resorcinol or α-hydroxy-α-methyl butyric acid, or irradiation of the air of the room above 8 ft. with ultraviolet radiation when applied to various clerical offices did not result in any observed alteration in the numbers of colds experienced by those working in them.There were no differences in the numbers of colds experienced by those working in rooms of different sizes. The working population in these rooms varied from, about 20 to more than 80.We should like to express our thanks to the Ministry of Pensions and National Insurance and to the Shell Petroleum Company, to those members of their staffs and to the nurses and others who helped us in this investigation. We should also like to thank the Shell Petroleum Company for the supply of α-hydroxy-α-methyl butyric acid, and the British Thomson Houston Company of Rugby for the loan of the ultraviolet lamp fittings.

Relationship of Short Employment Tests and General Clerical Tests

SummaryThis study sought to determine whether the Short Employment Tests (SET) were as discriminating as the General Clerical Test (GCT) in selecting and classifying two groups of office workers with different educational backgrounds.Group I was composed of male and female clerical and other office applicants who were mainly high school graduates. This group was given the GCT and the vocabulary, numerical, and clerical sub‐tests of the SET. Group II included male and female secretarial and stenographic applicants most of whom had business school or college training beyond high school. These applicants took the verbal section of the GCT and the verbal sub‐test of the SET.For the clerical applicants, the correlation (.87) between the GCT and the SET total scores indicated that the SET could satisfactorily replace the GCT in the selection procedure and reduce test administration time. For the secretarial and stenographic applicants, the correlation between the GCT‐B (Verbal) and SET Verbal was .77. The GCT‐B differentiated more finely throughout the entire score range among these better educated applicants than the SET Verbal, which was too easy a test for this group. However, the SET Verbal appeared to be useful as a rough screen for eliminating the poorest applicants. No validity data are reported.

The UNITED STATES INFORMATION SERVICE

The U.S. Information Service is an agency of the Foreign Service of the U.S. Government maintaining information centres in many parts of the world. An information centre usually contains a reading room, a library, sometimes a cinema, a film loan service for 16 mm. sound films, and clerical offices.

Patriotism and Clerical Office: Germany 1761-1773

Patriotism and Clerical Office: Germany 1761-1773