Cleome Spinosa Research Articles

Anti-inflammatory Property of Ethanolic Extract of Cleome spinosa Leaves in an in vivo Model of Delayed-type Hypersensitivity

Objectives Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions represent a clinically important class of immune responses that have wide-ranging implications in various health and disease conditions. The existing anti-inflammatory drugs to treat DTH have several shortcomings including severe side-effects. Thus, a new plant-derived anti-inflammatory drug with no or less toxicity would be effective in treating DTH. The Cleome genus has been routinely used to cure various ailments including inflammation. This study investigates the anti-inflammatory properties of the ethanolic leaf extract of Cleome spinosa (CSE) in a DTH model for the first time. Materials and Methods DTH response was induced by 2, 4-di nitro-fluorobenzene in the mouse foot pad. Histological sectioning of the paw was carried out to find changes in the architecture of the tissue. Serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was estimated through enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the bioactive compounds present in CSE were analysed through reversed phase-high-performance liquid chromatography. Results With CSE treatment, the oedema in the resensitized paw alleviated faster with no loss of digits compared to the controls. Histological study of the resensitized paw showed less dermal and sub-dermal thickening and less collagen deposition that regained normal tissue architecture during the healing process with CSE treatment. CSE treatment did not show any adverse haematological and histopathological changes in the visceral organs of mice. The level of serum TNF-α was found to be significantly lower with CSE treatment. CSE was found to be rich in phenol, flavonoids, tocopherol, carotene and phytosteroids. Conclusion The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory role of CSE against hapten-induced deleterious DTH inflammation suggests its therapeutic potential in treating inflammatory diseases and combating infections.

Engineering Sclareol Production on the Leaf Surface of Nicotiana tabacum.

Sclareol, a diterpene alcohol, is the most common starting material for the synthesis of ambrox, which serves as a sustainable substitute for ambergris, a valuable fragrance secreted by sperm whales. Sclareol has also been proposed to possess antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities. However, in nature, sclareol is only produced by a few plant species, including Cistus creticus, Cleome spinosa, Nicotiana glutinosa, and Salvia sclarea, which limits its commercial application. In this study, we cloned the two genes responsible for sclareol biosynthesis in S. sclarea, labda-13-en-8-ol diphosphate synthase (LPPS) and sclareol synthase (SS), and overexpressed them in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). The best transgenic tobacco lines accumulated 4.1 μg/cm2 of sclareol, which is comparable to the sclareol production of N. glutinosa, a natural sclareol producer. Thus, sclareol synthesis in tobacco represents a potential alternative means for the production of this high-value compound.

Evaluation of some garden flowers as specialty cut flowers in Eskisehir province-Türkiye.

Specialty cut flowers are in demand, especially in the domestic market as they can be grown with low production costs without the need for specially equipped greenhouses and offer diversity in terms of form, texture, and colour. These products, which are widely cultivated in the USA, are not well known in Türkiye. One of the main problems of the Turkish cut flower sector is its dependence on foreign inputs and the lack of product diversity. Therefore, specialty cut flower production can be an alternative crop for Türkiye, which has climatic advantages. The cut flower potential of plants such as Zinnia elegans, Tagates erecta, Helianthus annuus, Gomphrena globosa, Centaurea cyanus, and Cleome spinosa that are commonly grown in gardens has been evaluated. After harvesting these flowers grown in an open field in June-October 2020, the stem length (cm), stem thickness (mm), flower length (cm), flower diameter (cm), flower weight (g), and vase life (days) were measured. As a result of the evaluations, considering the phenological findings such as flowering and harvesting period, Zinnia elegans, Tagates erecta, Helianthus annuus, Gomphrena globosa, and Centaurea cyanus were found to be suitable for Eskişehir climatic conditions due to their long flowering periods. On the other hand, if the stem length value, which is one of the most important parameters for cut flowers, is taken as a reference, the minimum stem length value of 30 cm and above is met by Zinnia elegans, Tagates erecta, Helianthus annuus, and Cleome spinosa while the vase life value of 6 days and above is met by Zinnia elegans, Tagates erecta, Helianthus annuus, Gomphrena globosa, and Cleome spinosa. However, Cleome spinosa was not found to be suitable for the region due to its low yield value and short flowering period, while Zinnia elegans, Helianthus annuus, Tagates erecta, and Gomphrena globosa were found to be plants that could be evaluated for the region. In addition, it is believed that the cultivation of specialty cut flowers, with the selection of suitable species, will be an alternative production in regions without climatic advantages.

Preventive effect of Cleome spinosa against cucumber Fusarium wilt and improvement on cucumber growth and physiology.

Cucumber wilt is an important soil borne disease in cucumber production, which seriously affects the development of the cucumber industry. Cleome spinosa also has pharmacological effects such as antibacterial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and insect repellent. To study the control effect and mechanism of Cleome spinosa fumigation on cucumber wilt disease, different concentrations of Cleome spinosa fragments were applied on cucumber plants infected with Fusarium oxysporum. Cleome spinosa fumigation significantly reduced the incidence rate of cucumber Fusarium wilt. Under the fumigation treatment of 7.5gkg-1 Cleome spinosa fragments, the preventive effects were 74.7%. Cleome spinosa fragments fumigation can promote cucumber growth and synthesis of photosynthetic pigments, thereby improving individual plant yield and fruit quality. At 7.5gkg-1 Cleome spinosa fragments fumigation treatment, the plant height and individual plant yield of cucumber increased by 20.3% and 34.3%, respectively. Cleome spinosa fumigation can enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes in cucumber, maintain a balance of reactive oxygen species metabolism, and enhance the plant disease resistance. Moreover, Cleome spinosa can also regulate the activities of Mg2+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase, enhancing its resistance to Fusarium oxysporum. Moreover, number of bacteria and fungi significantly decreased under Cleome spinosa fumigation. Those results suggested that Cleome spinosa could effectively restrain cucumber Fusarium wilt. This study will provide a new idea for the further use of biological fumigation to prevent soil-borne diseases.

Physiological mechanism beneath the inhibition of Cleome spinosa against the morphology and reproduction of Fusarium oxysporum

Fusarium oxysporum is a soil-borne plant pathogen that can cause various plant diseases including cucumber wilt. An experiment was conducted to explore the physiological mechanism underlying the inhibitory activity of Cleome spinosa against the morphology and reproduction of F. oxysporum. Different concentrations of C. spinosa extracts.−0 (Z0), 5 (Z5), 15 (Z15), 30 (Z30), 45 (Z45), and 60 (Z60) mg·mL−1 were applied to F. oxysporum. Cleome spinosa extract significantly reduced the colony diameter (89.7 %) and dry mass (78.9 %) of F. oxysporum under the Z45 treatment. Moreover, spore formation was also significantly inhibited by C. spinosa extract. The spore number and germination rate decreased by 73.5 % and 83.0 %, respectively, under the Z45 treatment. The number of mycelia in the unit field of view was significantly reduced, and the mycelia were wizened with rough surfaces and more bends under the Z45 treatment. Hence, C. spinosa extracts severely damaged the morphology of F. oxysporum mycelia. Additionally, F. oxysporum could not adjust to the osmotic changes caused by C. spinosa extract, leading to membrane injury and electrolyte leakage. Finally, they impaired the antioxidant system in F. oxysporum, resulting in cell membrane injury.

Introduction assessment of flower and decorative plants of the Caribbean floral region in the conditions of the Karshi oasis

The article presents the results of assessing the introduction prospects of flower and ornamental plants in the conditions of the Karshi oasis. 12 introduced species and varieties from the Caribbean floristic region were taken as objects of study. Taking into account the climatic conditions of the Karshi oasis, some additions to the modified scale of N. S. Danilova are proposed. As a result of the assessment, 2 groups were distinguished: Group I - promising plants -which received 11 points each - Canna х hybrida, Cleome spinosa, Cosmos bipinnatus, C. sulphureus, Mirabilis jalapa; Group II - medium promising plants - 8-9 points - Ageratum houstonianum, Dahlia х hortensis, Gomphrena globosa, Tagetes erecta, T. patula, Zinnia marylandica, Z. linearis.

Proteomic analysis reveals different responses to drought between the Cleome spinosa (C3) and Cleome gynandra (C4)

The global emergence of low water availability causes extensive damage to crops in many regions. Although the responses of plants to drought stress have been extensively investigated, molecular studies on plants with different carboxylation pathways are limited. Therefore, we aimed to identify quantitative differences in proteins functioning in differential drought tolerance of C3 (Cleome spinosa) and C4 (C. gynandra) species. Proteomic analysis functionally characterized 33 differentially accumulated proteins in C. spinosa and 15 proteins in C. gynandra leaves. The identified proteins were involved in multiple aspects of leaf metabolism such as photosynthesis, energy metabolism, protein metabolism, and stress defense. The up-regulated accumulation of RuBisCO proteins may have contributed to carboxylation in stressed C. spinosa, but RuBisCO activase proteins were severely down-regulated. Additionally, down-regulation of ferredoxin-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) reductase and oxygen-evolving enhancer proteins was only found in C. spinosa, which possibly related to the inhibition of electron flow. The up-regulation of enolase may contribute to the energy requirement in C. gynandra, while down-regulation of glycolytic enzymes, such as fructose-bisphosphate aldolase and triosephosphate isomerase, was found in C. spinosa suggesting the impaired energy metabolism under drought stress. The proteomic analysis suggests different adaptive strategies between C. spinosa and C. gynandra against drought stress.

Antimicrobial Activity and Component Analysis of Cleome spinosa against Fusarium oxysporum

Antimicrobial Activity and Component Analysis of Cleome spinosa against Fusarium oxysporum

A Well-known “Mussambê” is a New Species of Tarenaya (Cleomaceae) from South America

Abstract—Tarenaya longicarpa, commonly known as “mussambê,” is a new species from South America. Iltis previously recognized it as a subspecies of Cleome spinosa Jacq. but never published the name. Molecular phylogenetic studies have confirmed this taxon as a distinct lineage from T. spinosa. In addition, the results of a revision of Tarenaya, now underway, corroborate the separation of T. longicarpa from T. spinosa s. s.

INHIBITION ACTIVITY OF CLEOME SPECIES EXTRACT ON ONION GUEST ROOT

Objective: Biological control is useful in agricultural. Allelopathy plays an important factor in crop productivity. The effect of allelopathy is able to produce and release allelochemicals or phytochemicals to inhibit or stimulate seed germination, seeding growth, shoot and root growth of other crops. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory activity of Cleome viscose and Cleome spinosa extracts on onion guest roots length.Methods: The whole plants of C. viscose and C. spinosa were extracted with dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and distilled water, respectively. Each group of onion guests was sprayed at various concentrations as 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 parts per million for the treatment. The root growth was measured every day for 1 month.Results: At concentration of 1600 ppm, methanol crude extract of C. spinose showed the highest percent inhibitory activity value of 91.68. Ethyl acetate and methanol crude extracts of C. viscose showed strong inhibitory activity with percentage values of 90.17 and 90.90, respectively, at concentration of 1600 ppm. Moreover, the methanol extract of C. viscose and C. spinosa evaluated higher inhibitory activity than other solvent. However, distilled water crude extract of C. spinose showed weak inhibitory activity with the percentage value of 40.05 at concentration of 1600 ppm.Conclusions: In this study, the methanol crude extract of C. spinose showed potent inhibitory activity on root growth. Moreover, ethyl acetate and methanol crude extracts of C. viscose evaluated strong inhibitory activity. C. viscose and C. spinosa extracts possessed allelochemicals for postharvest biology and technology in plants.

Metabolic fingerprints reveal how an insect metabolome is affected by different larval host plant species

Oligophagous insects can consume a wide range of different host plant species, but how these host plants vary in their metabolite compositions and the extent to which this variation affects the biochemistry of the insect herbivores is largely unknown. An understanding of how defensive metabolites from plants are processed by insects may help us develop more effective pesticides. We studied the interactions between the oligophagous insect herbivore Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) and five species of its larval host plants (family Brassicaceae and Cleomaceae) by examining untargeted metabolic fingerprints of the plants and the larval herbivores feeding on them. Visualisation of the metabolic fingerprints of the different host plant species showed highly distinctive clusters in the PCA-X score plots. Larvae could also be distinguished based on the species of host plant they fed on but clusters overlapped to a greater extent. The fingerprints of larvae feeding on Cleome spinosa plants were most distinctive due to a large group of abundant metabolites also found in high abundance in C. spinosa, but not in the other host plants examined. We conclude that host plants influence the biochemistry of their larval herbivores, and that some metabolites are conserved from one trophic level to the next.

Cleome spinosa Jacq. (Cleomaceae): A new distributional record for state of Andhra Pradesh, India

Cleome spinosa Jacq. collected from Chittoor district is reported as a new addition to the Flora of Andhra Pradesh Detailed description, distributional map and photo plate are provided for easy identification.

Studies on DNA Isolation, Quantitative Estimation and RAPD analysis of Cleome spinosa Jacq. and Cleome gynandra Linn. of the family Cleomaceae

Studies on DNA Isolation, Quantitative Estimation and RAPD analysis of <i>Cleome spinosa</i> Jacq. and <i>Cleome gynandra</i> Linn. of the family Cleomaceae

Comparative analysis of combinatory effects of organic extracts from Cleome spinosa Jaqc and oxacilin against Staphylococcus aureus

Comparative analysis of combinatory effects of organic extracts from Cleome spinosa Jaqc and oxacilin against Staphylococcus aureus

Transformation and characterization of transgenic rice and Cleome spinosa plants carrying the maize phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase genomic DNA

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) is a key enzyme in the C4 photosynthetic pathway for the initial fixation of atmospheric CO2 into the four-carbon (C4) acid, oxaloacetate. Here, we report that a vector carrying the intact maize C4pepc gene was used to transform C3 monocot japonica rice cultivar Tainung 67 (TNG67) which is an important cultivar in Taiwan, and C3 dicot Cleome spinosa which is closely related to the C4 dicot Cleome gynandra, via an Agrobacterium-mediated method. In total, 29 transgenic rice and 4 transgenic C. spinosa plants were obtained. Genomic PCR and southern blot analyses revealed that the maize pepc and selective antibiotic resistant genes were present in almost all randomly-selected transgenic plants but not in wild-type plants. Reverse transcription-PCR showed that maize pepc mRNA was detected in transgenic plants. Western blot analysis confirmed the presence of 110 kDa maize PEPC protein in transgenic plants but not in wild-type plants. Furthermore, higher PEPC enzyme activities were detected in transgenic rice plants than in transgenic C. spinosa plants. Taken together, we clearly demonstrated monocot maize C4pepc gene is functional in both C3 monocot rice and C3 dicot C. spinosa plants. Two T5 homozygous rice lines, each harboring a single insertion of maize pepc gene, showed 7- to 9.4-fold and 40–54% PEPC enzyme activity as compared to the untransformed rice and maize, respectively. These stable transgenic rice lines will be valuable material for studying the effect of maize PEPC on rice photosynthesis under different conditions.

Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Organic Extracts from Cleome spinosa Jaqc.

Due to the use of Cleome spinosa Jacq. (Cleomaceae) in traditional medicine against inflammatory and infectious processes, this study evaluated the in vitro antimicrobial potential and phytochemical composition of extracts from its roots and leaves. From leaves (L) and roots (R) of C. spinosa different extracts were obtained (cyclohexane: ChL and ChR; chloroform: CL and CR; ethyl acetate: EAL and EAR, methanol: ML and MR). The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the broth microdilution method to obtain the minimum inhibitory (MIC) and microbicidal (MMC) concentrations against 17 species, including bacteria and yeasts. Additionally, antimicrobial and combinatory effects with oxacillin were assessed against eight clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. All C. spinosa extracts showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, as they have inhibited all tested bacteria and yeasts. This activity seems to be related to the phytochemicals (flavonoid, terpenoids and saponins) detected into the extracts of C. spinosa. ChL and CL extracts were the most actives, with MIC less than 1 mg/mL against S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Micrococcus luteus. It is important to note that these concentrations are much lower than their 50% hemolysis concentration (HC50) values. Strong correlations were found between the average MIC against S. aureus and their phenolic (r = −0.89) and flavonoid content (r = −0.87), reinforcing the possible role of these metabolite classes on the antimicrobial activity of C. spinosa derived extracts. Moreover, CL and CR showed the best inhibitory activity against S. aureus clinical isolates, they also showed synergistic action with oxacillin against all these strains (at least at one combined proportion). These results encourage the identification of active substances which could be used as lead(s) molecules in the development of new antimicrobial drugs.

Repellency and Bioactivity of Caatinga Biome Plant Powders againstCallosobruchus maculatus(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae)

Abstract The Caatinga biome represents the 4th-largest area covered by single vegetation in Brazil and contains dry forests rich in aromatic bushes, vines, herbs, and trees. The flora of this ecological region is widely known and employed in folk medicine and has other utilitarian and economic uses; however, its potential for controlling or repelling insects is poorly investigated. In this study, we evaluated the potential use of Caatinga plant species for controlling infestations of Callosobruchus maculatus F. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae), the most important insect pest of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. (Fabales: Fabaceae). Powders of the leaves and stems of 9 plant species, including Amburana cearensis A. C. Smith (“cumaru”) (Fabales: Fabaceae), Croton sonderianus Mull. Arg. (“marmeleiro”) (Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae), Cleome spinosa Jacq. (“mussambe”) (Capparales: Cleomaceae), Mimosa tenuiflora Benth. (“jurema-preta”) (Fabales: Fabaceae), Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth.) Brenan (“angi...

Morphological aspects of fruits, seeds, seedlings and in vivo and in vitro germination of species of the genus Cleome

The genus Cleome is widely distributed in drier areas of the tropics and subtropics. Cleome dendroides and C. rosea are Brazilian native species that occur mainly in Atlantic Forest and sandy coastal plains, respectively ecosystems negatively affected by human impacts. Cleome spinosa is frequently found in urban areas. Many Cleome species have been used in traditional medicine, as C. spinosa. In the present work, was investigated C. dendroides, C. rosea and C. spinosa germinative behavior under in vivo conditions, as well as was established suitable conditions to in vitro germination and seedling development. The in vivo germination was performed evaluating the influence of temperature, substrate and light. It was observed that only C. spinosa seeds presents physiological dormancy, which was overcome by using alternate temperatures. The substrate influenced significantly the germination of C. rosea and the seeds of C. dendroides showed the highest germination percentages in the different conditions evaluated. The post-seminal development stages under in vivo and in vitro conditions were defined. It was observed that the development was faster under in vitro than in vivo conditions. An effective methodology for in vitro germination, enabling the providing of material to experiment on plant tissue culture was established to C. dendroides and C. spinosa.

Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity of field-growth plants and tissue culture of Cleome spinosa (Jacq.) in mice

Methanol extracts (ME) of Cleome spinosa obtained from plants of natural growing areas (NP) and acclimatized plants (AP), as well as from the lipophilic mass containing beta-carotene (LMBC) produced from callus cultures were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive potentials. These properties were studied using carrageenan-induced paw edema and acetic acid-induced writhing animal models. The ME from leaves of NP and AP 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.) caused a significant inhibition of carrageenan-induced paw edema. Antinociceptive activity was observed in extracts from leaves of AP, leaves and stems of NP and LMBC, at 50 mg/kg (i.p.), corresponding to half concentration of the standard drug dipyrone (100 mg/kg). The extracts did not present toxicity as determined by Artemia salina bioassay. Our results demonstrated that C. spinosa has anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties, confirming its popular use, and also served to extend the use of plant biotechnology tools for investigations on the pharmacological potential and phytochemical exploitation of this species. Key words: Cleomaceae, analgesic effect, anti-inflammation, plant tissue culture, beta carotene.

The anamorphic state of Leveillula taurica recorded on Cleome spinosa in north-eastern Brazil

Introduction The genus Cleome L. belongs to Cleomaceae (Capparaceae s.l.) and has approximately 250 species; most are adapted to seasonal drought. Several species are used as medicinal or ornamental, while a few are regarded as weeds (Mabberley 2008). Cleome spinosa Jacq., popularly known as spiny spider-flower could be included in the last category. In semiarid regions of north-eastern Brazil, where drought is quite frequent, this plant is widespread, but occurs mainly near humid lowlands (Lorenzi 2000). In December of 2010 scattered plants of C. spinosa whit a white powdery mass covering its leaves where observed in the experimental field of the Embrapa Algodao (Brazilian Center of Cotton Research) in Paraiba State. A sample was collected and examined under a microscope revealing the presence of a fungus that was identified as belonging to the genus Oidiopsis Scalia, the anamorphic state of Leveillula G. Arnaud. After that, during field trips in 2011 and 2012 plants of C. spinosa showing the same white powdery mass were observed in several new locations through Paraiba State. New samples were collected and after a microscopic examination a fungus with similar morphology of that previously identified as Oidiopsis was observed. There are several erysiphaceous fungi recorded on the genus Cleome, but only two belonging to Leveillula, viz. L. taurica (Lev.) G. Arnaud (Farr & Rossman 2012) and L. cleomes Simonyan & V.P. Heluta (Simonyan & Heluta 1989). The aim of this study was describe the morphology and identify the species of the powdery mildew fungus occurring on C. spinosa in north-eastern Brazil.