Cleistanthus Collinus Research Articles

A Review on the Poisonous Plant Cleistanthus collinus

Cleistanthus collinus is a toxic plant belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family, and all parts of the plant are poisonous. It is used as suicidal, homicidal, cattle and fish poison and for inducing criminal abortion. The leaves and plant parts are consumed in various forms for homicidal and suicidal and it results in symptoms such as chest pain, dyspnea, central nervous system symptoms, and vision disturbances. There is no specific antidote for the C. collinus poisoning. The percentage of mortality with C. collinus poisoning varies from 20% to 50%, and the mortality depends on the amount and mode of consumption of the leaves. The major phytoconstituents of the plant include ellagic acid, diphyllin, collinusin, cleistanthin A, and cleistanthin B. The two major compounds cleistanthin A and cleistanthin B were evaluated for pharmacological activities such as antineoplastic activity, antiviral activity, diuretic activity, neuromuscular blocking property, alpha receptor blocking property, and antioxidant effect. The current review focuses on the toxicological and pharmacological properties of this plant and its phytoconstituents.

Observations on the Flora of Narasapur, Medak District, Andhra Pradesh

The Narasapur Forests lie between 77°35'-78°55' E longitudes and 17°34'- 18°20' N latitudes. Botanical explorations were undertaken in this area during the months of September, 1958 and April, 1959.The top soil is sandy to clayey loam with rocks consisting of pink and grey granites. The climate is moist and hot, the temperature varying from 14°C to 40°C. The annual rainfall is 91 cm., mainly precipitated by south-west monsoon.The vegetation of this region presents the scrub jungle at low elevations with dominant species Gymnosporia spinosa associated with Diospyros melanoxylon and Lagerstroemia parviflora. Patches of grasslands in the scrub jungle show herbs like Borreria hispida, Phyla nodiflora and Striga euphrasioides and grasses Chloris virgaita and Iseilema laxum. As the altitude rises the scrub jungle gradually changes into mixed deciduous forests. The transitional zone is characterised by large populations of Cissus adnata. Butea monosperma is the dominant species in these forests associated with Madhuca indica, Tectona grandis and Terminalia bellerica. The undergrowth is mainly formed by Bridelia montana, Cleistanthus collinus, Olax scandens, Habenaria platyphylla and Sclerocarpus africanus. The lakes and ponds present large populations of Aponogeton natans, Lagarosiphon alternifolius and Nymphaea stellata.Families Leguminosae, Gramineae and Cyperaceae are well represented in the flora of this region.

Acaricidal activity of methanolic extract of leaves of Cleistanthuscollinus(Roxb.) Benth. Ex Hook.f

Ticks are parasitic haematophagus arthropods playing a major role in disease transmission among human and animals. Effective tick control is mainly accomplished through widespread use of chemical acaricides, which have a negative impact on environment, humans, and animals due to their toxicity and indiscriminate use leads to resistance developement. So, there arise an essentiality for development of safer, eco-friendly methods for control of acarine parasites. The present study was conducted to identify phytochemicals in methanolic extract of leaves of Cleistanthus collinus. and its acaricidal activity against Haemophysalis bispinosa. Leaves of C. collinus were harvested at the College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Mannuthy campus in Thrissur, Kerala, India. They were shade-dried, ground into a powder, and extracted using methanol. A rotary vacuum evaporator was used to concentrate extract, and FTIR, GCMS, and qualitative phytochemical screening were carried out. Acaricidal activity was determined by adult immersion assay by accounting for various entomological parameters such as per cent adult mortality, index of egg laying and percent inhibition of fecundity using various concentrations of extract. Phytochemical analysis detected presence of steroids, alkaloids, glycosoides, flavonoids, terpenoids, in methanolic extract of C.collinus leaves. GC–MS analysis confided presence of Dianhydromannitol,Diethyl phthalate, Cyclooctasiloxane, Benzophenone, Dodecanoic acid, Tetradecanoicacid, Hexadecenoic acid, among many compounds. FTIR analysis ascertained presence of various functional groups like aldehydes, sulfoxides, phenol, vinyl ether and aliphatic ketones. There was cent per cent mortality of ticks in all doses tested. Index of egg laying was found to be zero and maximum inhibition of fecundity was observed in higher concentrations. IC50 found to be 30.84 mg/mL. From results, it was clear that methanolic extract of leaves of C.collinus induced very early adult tick mortality. It was apparent that methanolic extract of C.collinus leaves flaunted potent acaricidal activity against H. bispinosa and can be used to develop a potent ectoparasiticide.

Germination Behaviour and Seedling Growth as Influence by Pretreatments of Seeds of Cleistanthus Collinus Benth under Storage

Germination Behaviour and Seedling Growth as Influence by Pretreatments of Seeds of Cleistanthus Collinus Benth under Storage

Cleistanthin A causes peripheral vasoconstriction and myocardial depression in isolated tissue preparations

Background Cleistanthus collinus is a poisonous shrub commonly used for deliberate self-harm in rural south India. Boiled decoction or a paste made from its leaves is used for suicide. Cleistanthoside A and Cleistanthin A are the major toxins identified from this plant. In this study, we disclose the mechanism of Cleistanthin A toxicity and concentrations of the two toxins in different extracts of Cleistanthus collinus. Methods The effect of Cleistanthin A was studied on isolated goat leg arteries using two different preparations namely transverse cylinder and longitudinal strip. The influence of Cleistanthin A on peripheral vascular resistance and myocardial contractility was evaluated by rat hind limb and isolated rat heart experiments, respectively. For the quantification of toxins, five different extracts of C. collinus leaves were prepared. The extracts were subjected to analytical HPLC to quantify Cleistanthoside A and Cleistanthin A. Results and Conclusion Cleistanthin A increased vascular tension in transverse cylinder preparation and increased peak, trough and mean aortic pressures in the rat hind limb preparations. In isolated rat heart experiments, there was an increase in diastolic and mean ventricular pressure with a significant decrease in ventricular pulse pressure. These observations suggest that the hypotension in C. collinus poisoning patients may be due to cardiotoxicity and not due to vasodilation as is currently believed. Quantification of different extracts showed that boiled extracts had higher quantities of Cleistanthoside A whereas crushed leaf extracts yielded significantly higher amounts of Cleistanthin A.

Chemo-prospecting Cleistanthus collinus, Lantana camara and Strychnos nux-vomica for rice pest management under laboratory conditions

Cleistanthus collinus Roxb., Lantana camara L. and Strychnos nux-vomica L. are abundantly available in tropical countries and are being used for pest management as an Indigenous Technical Knowledge. The present study decoded the biochemical constituents of these species and tested the efficacy of these plant products against major rice insect pests and diseases. Significantly higher phenol content and antioxidant activity (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-Azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assay) were found in C. collinus water extract, whereas S. nux-vomica extract had higher flavonoids. The major chemical constituents of C. collinus, L. camara and S. nux-vomica were 1,2,3-Benzenetriol, β- Phellandrene and Phytol, respectively. Water extract of C. collinus had significantly reduced the insect pests (brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål and gall midge, Orseolia oryzae Wood-Mason) and diseases (brown spot, Helminthosporium oryzae and bacterial leaf blight, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae). In contrast, S. nux-vomica water extract was most effective against the pathogens causing blast, Magnaporthe oryzae and sheath blight disease, Rhizoctonia solani in rice. The secondary metabolites, namely, 1,2,3-Benzenetriol, Neophytadiene, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Phytol etc. present in C. collinus extract reported to have biocidal activities against number of crop pests. As C. collinus has been listed as ‘vulnerable’ in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) red list, it can be promoted as a viable component in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) of rice for its conservation and economic utilization.

Enhancement of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity in cucumber and chilli seedlings by aqueous extract of Cleistanthus collinus

Enhancement of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity in cucumber and chilli seedlings by aqueous extract of Cleistanthus collinus

Evaluating biochemical and biophysical characteristics of tropical deciduous forests of eastern India using remote sensing and in-situ parameter estimation

Owing to such a crucial role that forests perform in an ecosystem, studying the vegetation dynamics in terms of its productivity becomes inevitable. The study aimed to assess forest productivity and biochemical variability of Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary (DWS), Eastern India coupling remote sensing and in-situ measurements of 51 samples comprising 17 different species. Vegetative Photosynthesis Model (VPM) was incorporated for measuring the gross primary productivity (GPP) using Sentinel-2A data. The result showed that microclimatic conditions that determine the nutrient content of the plant, as some plant species(Shorea robusta) present at different locations showed different concentrations of chlorophyll(25.4 mgg-1), N(2.2%), P(0.5%), and K(2.0%). The relationship between biophysical and biochemical properties of the forest was analyzed by coupling laboratory-based leaf samples analysis and satellite-based retrieval methods. High values of GPP was present in the dense forested (core) region dominated by species like Shorea robusta, Bauhinia tomentosa, Butea monosperma, Syzygium cumini, Cleistanthus collinus, Diospyros melanoxylon, etc. as compared to buffer regions. The central region of DWS dominated by dense vegetation contributed higher GPP value of 21 gCm-2day-1 to 24 gCm-2day-1. The degraded peripheral area exhibited GPP value of 8 gCm-2day-1. Shorea robusta being the most dominant species in this region, exhibited total chlorophyll of 25.4 mgg-1 (lab estimates) with a standard error of 2.0 mgg-1. Correlation analysis between Sentinel-2 satellite-based biophysical parameters and laboratory-based biochemical parameters showed a close relationship between the variables. The correlation between GPP and FAPAR was found to be more profound (R2 = 0.625), whereas GPP and LAI showed a moderate correlation of R2 = 0.58. Nitrogen and Phosphorous content in leaf samples showed a negative relationship (R2 = 0.414) indicating their individual concentration do not actuate to the coefficient of correlation. With rational limitations, the study finds wide application for studying carbon cycle and biochemical assessment in the region with remote sensing driven techniques backed by in-situ parameter estimation.

STUDIES ON THE TOXICITY AND RELATIVE TOXICITY OF DIFFERENT PLANT EXTRACTS TO DIFFERENT LEAF FEEDING INSECTS OF TELANGANA FOREST INDIA

Relative toxicity of (07) seven plant extracts (Azima tetracantha, Chloroxylon sweietenia, Clerodendrum viscosum, Cleistanthus collinus, Lippia javanica, Ocimum americanum and Sphearanthus indicus) to (04) four test insects (Hyblea purea Tinolius eburneigutta, Eutectona machearalis, and Atteva fabricella) at different concentrations of was done and toxicity was observed in all the plant extracts based on the feeding behavior of the test insect and arranged in the descending order is 1.0%>0.8%>0.6%>0.4%>0.2%>0.1% concentrations and uncontrol. All insect cultures were maintained in a growth chamber in the laboratory at a temperature of 27 ± 2° C, 12: 12 L:D and with 70 ± 5 % RH during the experiments. Among all plant extracts O. americanum (LC50-0.3169 and LC50-0.3115 against H. purea and E. machaeralis) followed by C viscosum (LC50-0.4316 and LC50-0.5253 against T. eburguneita and A. fabricella) were found to be effective and more toxic against selected major insect pests that tested.

Rapid preparative isolation of cleistanthin A from the leaves of Cleistanthus collinus Using reverse-phase flash chromatography

Introduction:Cleistanthin A (CA) is an aryl naphthalene lignan, which has a potent anticancer activity by regulating the tumor microenvironment. The objective was to develop a new technique for the isolation of cleistanthin A from the acetone extract of Cleistanthus collinus utilizing reverse phase flash chromatography.Materials and Methods:Cleistanthus collinus leaves were shade dried, defatted using n-hexane and then macerated to obtain acetone extract which was further subjected to reverse phase flash chromatography for the isolation of cleistanthin A using the gradient mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid (v/v) in water and acetonitrile. Gradient elution of chromatographic run was performed for 80 min. The separated peaks that showed absorbance at λmax 254 nm were collected for the chemical characterization. Cell viability of the isolated cleistanthin A was studied on hepatocellular cancer cell line HePG2 and prostate cancer cell line PC3 using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.Results:The chemical characteristics of the isolated compound cleistanthin A was further characterized using spectral techniques such as 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and electron spray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). Cleistanthin A has decreased the cell viability of the HePG2 cell line to 52.25% at 32 μg/ml and PC3 cell line to 51.82% at 16 μg/ml in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion:Cleistanthin A was successfully isolated from the natural source using reverse phase flash chromatography and the MTT assay has shown that cleistanthin A has decreased the cell viability in both the HePG2 and PC3 cell lines in a dose-dependent manner.

Elusive Toxin in Cleistanthus collinus Causing Vasoconstriction and Myocardial Depression: Detailed NMR Analyses and Biological Studies of Cleistanthoside A.

Cleistanthus collinus leaf extracts are consumed for suicidal purposes in southern India. The boiled decoction is known to be more toxic than the fresh leaf juice. Although several compounds have been isolated and their toxicity tested, controversy remains as to which compounds are responsible for the high level of toxicity of C. collinus. We report herein that cleistanthoside A is the major toxin in the boiled aqueous extract of fresh leaves and causes death in rats in small doses. The toxicity of the boiled extract prepared in the manner described can be attributed entirely to cleistanthoside A. Cleistanthin A could also be isolated from the boiled extract, albeit in trace amounts. As hypotension not responding to vasoconstrictors is the cause of death in patients who have consumed the boiled extract, effects of cleistanthoside A on the determinants of blood pressure, namely, force of cardiac contraction and vascular resistance, were tested in isolated organ experiments. Cleistanthoside A has a direct vasoconstrictor effect; however, it inhibits ventricular contractility. Therefore, the notion that the shock in C. collinus poisoning is of vascular origin must be considered carefully, and the possibility of cardiogenic shock must be studied. We present the crystal structure of cleistanthin A and show the potency of fast NMR methods (NOAH4-BSCN-NUS) in the full spectral assignment of cleistanthoside A as a real-world sample of a natural product. We also compare the results of the NOAH4-BSCN-NUS NMR experiments with conventional NMR methods.

Effect of Cleistanthins A and B on the Isolated Aorta of Guinea Pig

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objectives: </strong>Cleistanthins A and B are the active compounds isolated from<em> Cleistanthus collinus</em> leaves. The hypotensive activity of both cleistanthins A and B and the leaf extract has been previously demonstrated, but the exact mechanism of action is not clear. So, this study was designed to test the vasorelaxant property of cleistanthins A and B and delineate its mechanism of action. <strong>Methods: </strong>Variable force transducers were used to record the force of contraction from the aortic rings of 24 male guinea pigs. The effect of cleistanthin A, cleistanthin B, prazosin and vehicle on the phenylephrine-induced contractions and potassium chloride-induced contractions was demonstrated and compared. <strong>Results: </strong>Cleistanthin B inhibited the phenylephrine-induced contractions in a dose-dependent manner and demonstrated potency (pIC₅₀ = 6.8 &plusmn; 1.06) comparable to prazosin (pIC₅₀ = 5.7 &plusmn; 0.7). Cleistanthin A potency could not be calculated. Both cleistanthin A (4 &mu;g) and cleistanthin B (40 &mu;g) caused a reduction of the maximal response of phenylephrine demonstrating irreversible blockade. They did not affect the potassium chloride-induced contractions. This illustrates that cleistanthins A and B are noncompetitive &alpha;₁ adrenergic blockers and the potency of cleistanthin B is comparable to prazosin.<strong> Conclusion: </strong>Both cleistanthins A and B have vasodilatory action on guinea pig aorta. The action is through non-competitive &alpha;₁ adrenergic receptor inhibition and calcium channel blockade does not contribute to the inhibition. <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong> Key words:</strong> &alpha;₁ adrenergic antagonist, Cleistanthin A, Cleistanthin B, <em>Cleistanthus collinus</em>, Guinea pig, Isolated aortic rings.

Effect of Cleistanthus collinus on the reproductive system of male Wistar rats

ObjectivePlants are widely used in the traditional system of medicine and many of them can adversely affect the reproductive system. Cleistanthus collinus is a plant containing many active phytochemicals, which have the potential to be developed as a drug. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of an aqueous extract of C. collinus on the male reproductive system.MethodsMale Wistar rats were treated with different doses of C. collinus (200 and 400 mg/kg, orally), or with saline for 28 days and its effect on the reproductive system was assessed. Cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg, weekly, i.p), a well-known reproductive toxicant, was used as a positive control.ResultsThere was a significant reduction in sperm count and motility with C. collinus treatment, along with the destruction of primary spermatocytes, spermatids and reduced thickness of the basal layer. The LH, FSH and testosterone levels were reduced significantly. A reduction in the area of seminiferous tubules indicates the destruction of germ cells and Sertoli cells. C. collinus treatment increased the oxidative stress, evidenced by elevated malondialdehyde levels along with a reduction in catalase and GSH activities. The expression of BAX, BCL-2 and p53 was observed in spermatocytes, indicating an increase in apoptosis.ConclusionsC. collinus can produce male reproductive toxicity, which may be mediated through alterations in hormonal levels, which in turn interferes with spermatogenesis. It may increase the expression of apoptotic factors and deplete protective antioxidant enzymes in the testis.

Dye degradation, antimicrobial and larvicidal activity of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized from Cleistanthus collinus.

The present study aimed in green synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the leaves of Cleistanthus collinus. The NPs showed various absorption peaks between 3402 cm−1 and 1063 cm−1. FTIR spectrum revealed the presence of OH group, alkene, aromatic hydrocarbon, aliphatic fluro compound and aliphatic chloro compounds. Scanning electron microscopic analysis revealed the particle size ranged from 30 to 50 nm. The biosynthesized NPs have potent activity against Shigella dysentriae, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and the zone of inhibition was 21 ± 1, 20 ± 2, 16 ± 2 mm, respectively. Toxicity of the synthesized NPs was tested on green gram (Vigna radiata) seed at various concentrations (20–100%) and germination was induced by NPs treated seeds. Shoot length and root length was higher in NPs treated plant than control plant (p < 0.01). Elevated level of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and about 13% CAT and 7% SOD activity registered than control. Superoxide dismutase activity of root and shoot varied based on the dosage of AgNPs (p < 0.01). Also, the NPs (1%) showed significant larvicidal activity on Aedes aegypti and 100% mortality was achieved after 24 h treatment. The green synthesized NPs reduced methylene blue and 4-nitrophenol significantly (p < 0.01). The colouration of methylene blue and 4-nitrophenol were considerably reduced after 60 min showed the potential of dye degrading ability.

Aqueous Extract of &lt;i&gt;Cleistanthus collinus&lt;/i&gt; Induces Activity of Peroxidase and Catalase in the Seedlings of Cucumber and Chilli

Aqueous Extract of &lt;i&gt;Cleistanthus collinus&lt;/i&gt; Induces Activity of Peroxidase and Catalase in the Seedlings of Cucumber and Chilli

Deciphering the associated risk on soil microbes upon use of biopesticides in rice ecosystem.

Plant species, viz Cleistanthus collinus, Lantana camara, and Strychnos nux-vomica are being traditionally used for pest management in rice. However, limited investigation has been carried out to understand the toxic effect of these materials on soil microbes. Hot water extracts of these plants were evaluated for their effects on soil microbial population and enzyme activities along with neem oil and chlorpyrifos as check. Soil microbial population, viz bacteria, fungi, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), and asymbiotic nitrogen fixers were unchanged after application of plant extracts. Maximum population of bacteria including PSB and asymbiotic nitrogen fixers were observed in control, whereas, S. nux-vomica, and C. collinus-treated soil had higher number of actinomycetes and fungal population, respectively. Soil microbial biomass did not vary differently among the plant extracts. Application of plant extracts did not alter dehydrogenase, β-glycosidase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and urease content in soil. Secondary metabolites present in these plant extracts may be responsible for variable effects on soil microbes. Chlorpyrifos had a fleeting negative effect on soil microbes and enzymes in comparison to plant extracts. All the three plants did not have any negative effect on soil microbes and enzymes and can be safely recommended in rice pest management.

Cleistanthus collinus poisoning affects mitochondrial respiration and induces oxidative stress in the rat kidney

Cleistanthus collinus is a poisonous shrub used for deliberate self-harm in rural areas of South India and intake of boiled decoction of leaves is a common method of self-harm. Distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is an important clinical symptom observed in C. collinus poisoning, and renal V-ATPases may be potential targets of damage. However, a lack of understanding of molecular mediators involved hampers medical management, which is mainly supportive. We hypothesized that C. collinus poisoning induces renal oxidative stress; probably by inducing mitochondrial uncoupling, which compromises V-ATPase activity to ultimately produce dRTA. This was tested by exposing renal BBMV, kidney cells in culture, and Wistar rats to C. collinus poisoning. Exposure to C. collinus aqueous extract resulted in significant elevations in the lipid peroxidation marker, conjugated dienes, in cell culture and in vivo. A significant decrease in mitochondrial respiratory control ratio was observed in kidneys from C. collinus-treated animals suggesting that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is uncoupled. This was accompanied by significant increase in ADP levels and a decrease in proton pump activity. Thus, these results demonstrate that C. collinus poisoning induces oxidative stress which influences proton pump activity, probably due to feedback inhibition by elevated ADP levels because of mitochondrial dysfunction in the rat kidney.

Diphyllin: An effective anticandidal agent isolated from Cleistanthus collinus leaf extract

In this study, diphyllin [9-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxynaphtho[2,3-c]furan-1(3H)-one] was isolated from Cleistanthus collinus leaf extract. The isolated compound and leaf extract were evaluated for their in vitro anticandidal activity against Candida strains such as Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. glabrata. Diphyllin was found to possess higher anticandidal activity against various Candida species with the Minimal Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of 85–145 μg and inhibition zone of 9.5 ± 0.5–13.5 ± 0.5 mm at 200 μg concentration against the yeast pathogens studied. Thus, diphyllin was twice more active than miconazole against C. glabrata.

Assessment of tree diversity in tropical deciduous forests of Northcentral Eastern Ghats, India

The rapid inventory study provides information on the tree species diversity and stand structure in tropical deciduous forests of Northcentral Eastern Ghats, India. Tree diversity and its relation to habitat was explored using tree data-set of 12 belt transects (5 × 1000 m) totaling 6 ha in the study area. A total of 135 plant taxa (≥15 cm gbh) belonging to 105 genera of 45 families with 2959 individuals were recorded. Anogeissus latifolia, Xylia xylocarpa, Cleistanthus collinus and Lannea coromandelica were the predominant plant taxa where the members of Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae, Anacardiaceae and Mimosaceae contributed maximum stand density and species richness. The stand density ranged from 395 to 573 individuals ha−1 while basal area varied from 13.05 to 28.42 m2 ha−1. Shannon-Weiner index (H′) ranged from 3.59 to 4.05 while Simpson index from 0.97 to 0.98, evenness index from 0.66 to 0.78 and species richness Margalef index ranged from 7.29 to 12.99. The study provides a baseline data for the management of protected areas in developing countries like India and it shows the potential of in situ method in the conservation natural areas.

Toxicological effect of underutilized plant, Cleistanthus collinus leaf extracts against two major stored grain pests, the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae and red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum

Toxicity and repellency activity of Cleistanthus collinus (Roxb.) (CC) leaf extracts were evaluated against rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) under laboratory condition. Five concentration(s) (1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% and 4%) with two controls (acetone and water) treatments along with deltamethrin were used for direct and contact residual toxicity. The insect that survived after CC exposure were transferred to an untreated feeding substrate and the population buildup of subsequent two generation were recorded after 30 (F1) and 60 days (F2). In the contact residual toxicity, highest CC concentration (4%) produced 75% mortality in S. oryzae and 62.5% mortality in T. castaneum during 7 days of exposure, whereas in direct toxicity the mortality were 81% and 58% respectively, for S. oryzae and T. castaneum. The long term effect of CC was apparent in both the insect species, where F2 populations were significantly decreased in the CC treatments. CC treatment at 4% produced similar adult mortality in comparison to deltamethrin at 1%. In addition, repellent activity of CC extracts was observed against both S. oryzae and T. castaneum. This is the first step towards assessing the scientific basis for the understanding the effectiveness of CC extracts against stored grain pests and it could be a viable eco-friendly option for stored grain insect pest management.