Clear Limit Research Articles

Clinical and Surgical Approach to Traumatic Retinal Detachment in Pediatric Population

Clinical and Surgical Aproach to Traumatic Retinal Detachment in Pediatric Population The pediatric population has different anatomical and physiological features than those of the adult population. Likewise, owing to their low compliance during examinations, it may be difficult to fully evaluate the retina, and it may be necessary to resort to auxiliary examination methods. Trauma was the most important cause of retinal detachment in this age group. The findings obtained during the preoperative examination, the patient's history, and age guide the surgeon in determining the surgical method, timing of the surgery, and instruments to be used during the surgery. There are many variations of other pathologies associated with trauma in this patient group, including the fact that there is no clear limit in the selection of the type of surgery, the equipment used peroperatively is among the main difficulties in the approach to traumatic retinal detachment, and the postoperative follow-up period also has an important place due to the threat of amblyopia. In this review, the unique difficulties that will be experienced at every step from the initial examination of patients with traumatic retinal detachment patients to the differential diagnosis of retinal detachment, the choice of the type of surgery to be applied, and the postoperative follow-up process are discussed, with the aim of creating a holistic perspective.

Toward the measurement of neutrino masses: Performance of cosmic magnification with submillimeter galaxies

Context. The phenomenon of magnification bias can induce a non-negligible angular correlation between two samples of galaxies with nonoverlapping redshift distributions. This signal is particularly clear when background submillimeter galaxies are used, and has been shown to constitute an independent cosmological probe. Aims. This work extends prior studies on the submillimeter galaxy magnification bias to the massive neutrino scenario, with the aim being to assess its sensitivity as a cosmological observable to the sum of neutrino masses. Methods. The measurements of the angular cross-correlation function between moderate redshift GAMA galaxies and high-redshift submillimeter H-ATLAS galaxies are fit to the weak lensing prediction down to the arcmin scale. The signal is interpreted under the halo model, which is modified to accommodate massive neutrinos. We discuss the impact of the choice of cosmological parametrization on the sensitivity to neutrino masses. Results. The currently available data on the magnification bias affecting submillimeter galaxies are sensitive to neutrino masses when a cosmological parametrization in terms of the primordial amplitude of the power spectrum (As) is chosen over the local root mean square of smoothed linear density perturbations (σ8). A clear upper limit on the sum of neutrino masses can be derived if the value of As is either fixed or assigned a narrow Gaussian prior, a behavior that is robust against changes to the chosen value.

On the asymmetry of wh-doubling in varieties of German and Dutch

Abstract This paper combines experimental, theoretical and quantitative approaches to syntactic microvariation. The empirical goal is to clarify the situation with respect to wh-doubling (also: wh-copying) in varieties of German and Dutch. With a large-scale survey in the German and Dutch language areas we sought to establish which speakers allow wh-doubling, which speakers allow right-complexity, i.e., configurations in which the lower copy of the wh-dependency is more complex that the higher one, and which speakers allow left-complexity, i.e., the reverse, with a more complex higher copy. We also wanted to know whether there are associations between these properties, to identify groups of speakers and dialects. We found three types of grammars: (i) a grammar that allows both wh-doubling and right- and left-complexity, (ii) a grammar that allows wh-doubling and has a strong preference for right-complexity over left-complexity, and (iii) a grammar that does not allow any wh-doubling configuration. This shows that there is a clear limit to variation in this domain. Grammars with a preference for left-complexity do not exist. We then point out the consequences of these findings for the copy theory of movement, and for analyses that enrich this theory with the option of partial deletion.

Learning and implementation of TransREctus sheath PrePeritoneal procedure for inguinal hernia repair

PurposeThe TransREctus sheath PrePeritoneal procedure (TREPP) was introduced as an alternative open and preperitoneal technique for inguinal hernia mesh repair, demonstrating safety and efficacy in retro- and prospective studies. However, little is known about the technique’s inherent learning curve. In this study, we aimed to determine TREPP learning curve effects after its implementation in high-volume surgical practice.MethodsAll primary, unilateral TREPP procedures performed in the first three years after implementation (between January 2016 and December 2018) were included out of a large preconstructed regional inguinal hernia database. Data were analyzed on outcome (i.e., surgical complications, hernia recurrences, postoperative pain). Learning curve effects were analyzed by assessing outcome in relation to surgeon experience.ResultsIn total, 422 primary, unilateral TREPP procedures were performed in 419 patients. In three patients a unilateral TREPP procedure was performed on both sides separated in time. A total of 99 surgical complications were registered in 83 procedures (19.6% of all procedures), most commonly inguinal postoperative pain (8%) and bleeding complications (7%). Hernia recurrences were observed in 17 patients (4%). No statistically significant differences on outcome were found between different surgeon experience (< 40 procedures, 40–80 procedures, > 80 procedures).ConclusionImplementation of TREPP seems not to be associated with a notable increase of adverse events. We were not able to detect a clear learning curve limit, potentially suggesting a relatively short learning curve among already experienced hernia surgeons compared to other guideline techniques.

The Mawardi Muhammad’s Hadith Thought in Hidayah Al-Bahits fi Mushthalah Al-Hadits

The hadith thought of Mawardi Muhammad in his book Hidayah al-Bahits fi Mushthalah al-Hadits is interesting to study. This is because the book written in arabic received a positive response from students of hadith studies and ulumul hadith in the Nusantara. Even though Mawardi Muhammad is a non-Arab scholar and has never studied in the Middle East which is actually the center of hadith and ulumul hadith studies. This study aims to find out the hadith thought of Mawardi Muhammad in his masterpiece, the book Hidayah al-Bahits fi Mushthalah al-Hadits. The research method used in this paper is a qualitative research method with the type of library research research. The results of this study show that among the thoughts of Mawardi Muhammad's hadith in the book Hidayah al-Bahits fi Mushthalah al-Hadits are his thoughts regarding the classification of hadith, the minimum limit on the number of narrators of hadith mutawatir, and the definition of hadith dha'if and the law of practicing it. Regarding the classification of hadith, Mawardi Muhammad put the types of hadith masyhur, 'aziz, shahih, hasan, and dha'if in one classification. Regarding the minimum limit on the number of hadith mutawatir narrators, Mawardi Muhammad argued that there was no clear limit in this regard while criticizing the opinion that mentioned certain numbers for the minimum limit on the number of mutawatir hadith narrators. Then in the case of hadith dha'if, Mawardi Muhammad is a scholar who has manhaj mutawasith, which is open to the practice of hadith dha'if with certain conditions.

Illustration of the voltage stability by using the slope of the tangent vector component

This Paper is dedicated to the analysis of the evolution of the tangent vector during the Continuous Power Flow (CPF) iterations. The flow of the tangent slope (measured in degrees) is shown through the coefficient of lambda tangent vector component and the maximum voltage tangent vector component. A 17 Node Network was used for the purposes of this Paper. The system was modelled in MATLAB software. The admittance matrix of the node voltage equations was formulated and the functions in MATLAB were developed for the systematic formation of the node admittance matrix. Equations for the calculated network were generated in MATLAB. 32 Iterations were performed. Iterations and corrections of iterations were done manually. Firstly, the results for the tangent vectors calculated through the CPF program were compared to the results for the tangents directly calculated with mathematical formula for the tangent, and both results match. The chart, which contains the classical PV curve and the flow of tangent vectors during the CPF iterations, was developed based on the results obtained. The increase in the slope of the tangent in the PV diagram imposes a clear numerical stability limit by specifying an angle limit value, which can be used to trigger an alarm. In addition to the classic Power-Voltage (PV) curve, this serves as an additional indicator for ensuring voltage stability of the examined system.

Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kualitas Hidup Pasien Gagal Ginjal Kronik Yang Mendapatkan Hemodialisis Di Rumah Sakit Pekanbaru Medical Center

Hemodialysis can extend life without a clear limit, this action will not change the natural course of kidney disease and also will not restore all kidney function. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the quality of life of patients with chronic renal failure who get hemodialysis at Pekanbaru Medical Center Hospital. The design of this study was cross-sectional design. This study was conducted in a hemodialysis room with 30 respondents. The sampling method used was purposive sampling. The measuring instrument used is a questionnaire that has been tested for validity. The analysis used is the Chi-square test. The results showed that the underlying disease factors affected the quality of life of patients receiving hemodialysis (p-value = 0,003), comorbid conditions (p-value = 0,002), medical management factors (p-value = 0,014), and distance to health facilities (p-value = 0,003). The results of this study are expected to be used as input for the hospital to pay more attention to patients' quality of life with chronic renal failure which can improve the quality of service that is caring and facilitate patient comfort in therapy.

Evaluation of Absorbed Energy in High-Velocity Particle Impact for Aero-Engine Materials

A single particle impact testing system was developed to estimate an absorbed energy in particle perforation process of aero-engine materials. Thin target plates of 0.1-1 mm thickness were impacted by a 3 mm diameter spherical particle. A wide range of impact velocities from 50-375 m/s was covered using a compressed gas gun. First, particle impact tests were conducted on aluminum and copper plates to evaluate the validity of the experimental system. The experimental results show that there is no significant difference in the effect of the particle impact velocity on the absorbed energy of aluminum and copper, and the ballistic limit can be reasonably estimated based on a simple energy balance equation. Second, impact tests were conducted on TiAl alloys and Ni-based alloys. There was no clear ballistic limit for the TiAl alloys, and the absorbed energy tended to increase as the particle impact velocity increased. The absorbed energy of the TiAl alloy was half that of the Ni-based alloy for specimens of the same thickness. Radial and petal-shaped cracks were observed in the Ni-based alloys after impact tests, while brittle cracks, fractures, and scattering of debris were observed at the periphery of the penetration hole in the TiAl alloys.

Progress on Geographical Distribution, Driving Factors and Ecological Functions of Nepalese Alder

As the oldest species of Betulaceae, Nepalese alder (Alnus nepalensis) shows a high capacity for nitrogen fixation, rapid growth rate, and strong adaptability to stress environments, and it plays an important role in maintaining the structure and function of forest and agroforestry ecosystems. We explored its geographic distribution and the corresponding environmental drivers through collecting specimen records and published literature for Nepalese alder over the world during the past 40 years. The research trends, the growth limiting factors, the physiological characteristics, and ecological functions were all summarized as well. In terms of geographical distribution and limiting factors, Nepalese alder is mainly distributed in southern mountainous areas of the Himalayas and southwest China. Since it presented a clear northern limit of distribution and an upper limit of elevation, temperature is assumed to be the main environmental limiting factor. According to historical development, the research history of Nepalese alder could be divided into three main periods: the initial development (before 2001), the fast development (2002–2015), and the high-quality development (2016–2022), with the two key points in 2002 and 2015 relating to the conversion of cropland to a forest project that the government conducted and the application from theory to practice, respectively. As can be seen from the ecological functions, Nepalese alder could form symbiotic nodules with Frankia, which plays an important role in improving soil physical and chemical properties and facilitating vegetation secondary succession. Overall, the present review provides a reference for further studies on ecological adaptability and sustainable utilization of Nepalese alder under climate change, and also for regional ecosystem service, forestry production practice, and vegetation restoration.

DEVELOPING AN EQUILIBRIUM OF PROTECTION OF THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY AND NATIONAL SECURITY IN TERRORISM ERADICATION IN INDONESIA

Tension between privacy and security is nothing new, however due to the development of information and communication technology use as well as more intensive efforts of terrorism eradication have affected to the increasing level of the conflict. The need for national security is often similar to the situation of state of emergency, which enables the state to conduct several limitations to the implementation of right to privacy. Many states use the said justification and further position the element of national security to be in the superior position compared to the protection of civil liberties, including right to privacy. As a result, the act of limitation to the implementation of right to privacy in the context of terrorism eradication is deemed as ordinary and justified by law. In addition to that, to legitimize such policy, the state often sustains the state of emergency situation with no clear time limit. Departing from such situation, there needs to build an equilibrium between security and protection of the right to privacy by adapting to the continually changing reality. Today's technology development enables the state to track the movement of each person and create detailed and comprehensive profile of its citizen's life, so that the limitation of privacy also changes. However, even with the reason of terrorism eradication, the actions executed by the state must refer to several specific principles to ensure the protection of rights and fundamental freedoms.

PENERAPAN MODEL KOOPERATIF TIPE GROUP INVESTIGATION DENGAN MEDIA BENDA KONKRET DALAM PENINGKATAN PEMBELAJARAN BANGUN RUANG

The aims of this research are to describe the step in application of group investigation cooperative learning model using concrete media, to improve mathematics learning about geometry, and to find out problems and solutions. This research is a collaborative classroom action research (CAR) conducted in three cycles consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection on each cycle. Subject of this research were 24 students. Source of data were obtained from students, teachers, and document. The techniques of collecting data were test, observation, and interview. The validity of the data applied source triangulation techniques and data triangulation techniques. The technique of analyzing data used qualitative technique, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusion. The results of research showed that (1) the steps in application of Group Investigation cooperative learning model concrete media were: (a) delivery of the topic, (b) the establishment of the group, (c) identification of topics learning,(d) planning cooperation, (e) the implementation of the investigations, (f) the presentation of the investigation results, and (f) evaluation; (2) the application of Group Investigation cooperative learning model using concrete media can improve mathematics learning about geometry from 66,67% in the first cycle, 83,34% in the second cycle, and increased by 91,67% in the third cycle; and (3) the problems faced in this research namely implementation of investigations and discussions was not effective and the lack of confidence of students at the time of presentation. The solution is students are given guidance and a clear time limit at the time of investigation or discussion, and students are given motivation to be confidence and familiarized to make presentation.

A Survey on Microservices Use Cases for AI based Application on Hybrid Cloud

As the number of clients who use the application increases, various developers and providers are paying more attention to determining the internal structure of the service in order to provide a suitable service. In particular, when AI is built-in within a service, there is a clear limit to operating the service on a single server to embed complicated computation and automated model building and execution. In this paper, we investigated cases of using a hybrid cloud-based virtualization platform to effectively provide AI-based services to huge users. Most service providers have adopted a hybrid cloud based on Kubernetes, which demonstrates the use of automation of AI computation and elaborate orchestration of microservices.

The effect of dynamic normal force on the stick–slip vibration characteristics

In the experiment, we observed such a phenomenon: the alternating normal force changes the vibration state of a friction system. A single-degree-of-freedom mathematical model was used in this paper to discuss the effects of a constant and alternating normal force on the stick–slip vibration characteristics for different dynamic and static friction coefficients. Under the condition that the applied constant normal force continues to increase, the vibration amplitude of the system, the amplitude of the limit cycle, and the adhesion time of the system increase. When the difference between the dynamic and static friction coefficients (DSFCs) is small, the system has a complete and clear limit cycle. When the dynamic friction coefficient is reduced, the difference between DSFCs increases, and the limit cycle of the system is deformed. The friction system has more abundant dynamic vibration characteristics under an alternating normal force than a constant normal force. The vibration state of the system presents a single-cycle stick–slip vibration when the alternating normal force excites the multi-order harmonic response of the friction system, and the excitation frequency of the alternating normal force is the same as the main response frequency of the system with the highest energy or the low-order even-order main frequency. In contrast, the system exhibits various vibration modes when the excitation frequency of the alternating normal force is dissimilar to the main frequency of the system's highest energy response or is consistent with the odd-order main frequency. In addition, increasing the difference between DSFCs or using very high excitation frequencies and excitation amplitudes increases the likelihood of the system entering a chaotic vibration state.

Plausibility and structural reanalysis in L1 and L2 sentence comprehension.

This study examines whether English native speakers and highly proficient non-native speakers make comparable use of plausibility information during online sentence processing. Two sentence types involving temporarily ambiguous structural configurations-subordinate-clause ambiguity sentences and sentences with adjacent/split verb-particle constructions (VPCs)-were tested in a self-paced reading task. In the subordinate-clause ambiguity sentences, the pattern of reading times indicated that both native and non-native speakers used plausibility to recover from initial structural misanalysis. Native speakers were also able to use this information during syntactic and semantic reanalysis in the sentences involving split VPCs. Non-native speakers, however, showed persistent processing difficulty for split VPC sentences, regardless of plausibility. These results are taken to indicate that both native speakers and non-native speakers use plausibility information to recover from misanalysis, even in sentences that require major syntactic revision. The only clear limit on non-native speakers' ability to use this information related to lexico-syntactic/semantic processing difficulty, in that they appeared to be unable to use this information to recover from misanalysis associated with the structural properties of English VPCs.

Bubble coalescence and break-up in confined oscillating two-phase flows under microgravity conditions

Passive two-phase heat transfer systems, such as pulsating heat pipes, are a promising thermal management solution for the rapidly growing space sector. The strong coupling between thermal and hydraulic phenomena complicated the development of reliable off-the-shelf components. This was due to the difficulties in establishing and maintaining the desired slug-plug flow pattern in a wider region sufficiently far from the annular flow, which can lead to evaporator dry-out. In this work, inertial effects on the flow pattern are investigated under adiabatic conditions to define what limits the operability range of a device. The fluid motion characteristics of pulsating heat pipes have been mechanically induced to observe conditions that lead to the break-up or coalescence of bubbles. The authors were granted access to the ESA drop tower microgravity platform to explore surface tension dominant flows and higher hydraulic diameters compared to the ground capillary diameters. A range of fluids (FC-72 and ethanol) and diameters (2.5 mm to 8 mm) has been explored, along with combinations of oscillating fluid flow, analysing high-speed images and estimating velocity and acceleration. Both the Reynolds number, in combination with the modified Bond number, have been investigated, plotting the operating points on a flow map, showing a very clear limit between break-up and coalescence when the velocity and acceleration signs are considered. This new conceptual flow map can be used to further improve existing modelling tools for pulsating heat pipes operating under reduced gravity. Furthermore, images demonstrating the break-up and coalescence may be aid to CFD scientists in verifying their results.

Primary School and Public Bathhouse of the Castle, Lisbon: a proposal of encounter and continuity

This paper affords a closer look at a building located in Lisbon’s historical city centre, the Primary School and Public Bathhouse near São Jorge’s Castle, designed by Bartolomeu Costa Cabral. The project was initiated in October 1959 and approved in 1963; having been a target of criticisms from official authorities, as we shall recount, it was finally inaugurated in 1972. Representing, at the time, an innovative pedagogical approach, it was intended to be perceived by children as an extension of their homes. It turns inwards to its patios to encourage students to be closer to nature and learn from it while promoting play and forming relations. Furthermore, six properly equipped and adaptable classrooms allow for multiple activities. For the maximum use of the plot area and to promote integration with its surroundings, the disposition of classrooms is fragmented and arranged along a north-south axis, freeing the surrounding streets and preserving sunlight conditions of neighbouring buildings. Rejecting any imitation, the external façades draw a clear limit between inside and outside. At a time when gatherings of more than three people were forbidden, and ‘heavy’ and ‘outdated’ official constructions were still being built, the architect sought to incorporate principles related to modern architecture, particularly those espoused by Alfred Roth, to create a school capable of responding to evolving teaching methods and resisting the passing of time, as well as promoting the ‘phenomenon of encounter’ that fosters a sense of community and belonging amongst children and residents. This paper focuses on Costa Cabral’s formative years to explore the context in which the architect developed his thinking and from which this project emerged. We then proceed to address the design process for this school based on an analysis of the documents in his archive. Finally, the importance of the influence on this project of works by Alfred Roth — whose studies centred particularly on English post-war schools — is revealed.

Traumatic Brain Injury in Pregnancy

Abstract Objective The present paper aims to provide a review on the main complications involving traumatic brain injury (TBI) during pregnancy and on the vegetative state after TBI. Methods A systematic review was performed in concordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria checklist. Results Seven studies were included, of which four were case reports, one was a follow-up, one was a comparative study, and one was a literature review. Discussion Presence of neurological deficits such as hemiparesis, neonatal seizures, cerebral palsy, hemorrhage or hydrocephalus was observed in children of mothers who suffered trauma during pregnancy. The prolongation of a pregnancy in these victims, even in brain death, is within the reach of current medicine. Ethical issues must be considered when deciding to prolong a pregnancy of a woman in brain death. Conclusion For the evaluation of pregnant women with TBI, there is a protocol that can be followed in the emergency care service. The cases reported in the literature suggest that there is no clear limit to restrict support to a pregnant patient in a vegetative state. Further studies should be done to elucidate this matter.

The rationale for the recommendations of the European Paediatric Fasting Guideline: Improving paediatric anaesthesia and perioperative medicine.

The rationale for the recommendations of the European Paediatric Fasting Guideline: Improving paediatric anaesthesia and perioperative medicine.

Asymmetric Character of the Ferroelectric Phase Transition and Charged Domain Walls in a Hybrid Improper Ferroelectric

AbstractIn improper ferroelectrics, the spontaneous ordering is typically driven by a structural distortion or a magnetic spin alignment. The induced electric polarization is only a secondary effect. This dependence is a rich source for unusual phenomena and ferroelectric domain configurations for proper, polarization‐driven ferroelectrics. This study focuses on the polar domain structure and the hysteretic behavior at the ferroelectric phase transition in Ca3Mn1.9Ti0.1O7 as a representative of the recently discovered hybrid improper ferroelectric class of multiferroics. Combining optical second harmonic generation and Raman spectroscopy gives access to the spontaneous structural distortion and the resulting improper electric polarization. This study shows that hybrid improper ferroelectrics contrast proper and improper ferroelectrics in several ways. Most intriguingly, adjacent ferroelectric domains favor head‐to‐head and tail‐to‐tail domain walls over charge‐neutral configurations. Furthermore, the phase transition occurs in an asymmetric fashion. The regime of phase coexistence of the nonpolar and polar phases shows a clear and abrupt upper temperature limit. In contrast, the coexistence toward low temperatures is best described as a fade‐out process, where 100‐nm‐sized islands of the nonpolar phase expand deep into the polar phase.

Analisis Dampak dan Resiko Hukum Terhadap Praktik Pinjaman Online di Masa Pandemi

Technology provides many benefits for life. Its development is needed by the people of the world, it does not need the people of Indonesia. Since the beginning of 2020, the Covid-19 virus has spread to almost all countries in the world, so it requires various quick treatments by utilizing technology as an effort to deal with the pandemic situation. The Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in many Indonesian people being laid off, being laid off without a clear time limit and other economic problems. One of the uses of technology carried out by the Indonesian people during this pandemic is by using Information Technology-Based Borrowing-Lending Services. Online loans are money lending facilities by financial service providers that operate online. These credit providers are known as fintech, online loans whose funds can be immediately disbursed and without collateral are an alternative solution for people who need funds without having to apply face-to-face. The approach method used in this paper is empirical normative based on the Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 77/PJOK.01/2016 Year 2016 concerning Information Technology-Based Lending Services ("PJOK 77/2016"). In addition to being a temporary solution, online credit has impacts and risks that are often unknown and not realized by the public. The purpose of the study was to analyze the impact of the existence of online credit during the covid 19 pandemic and to analyze the legal risks of online credit that are rife in the community.