Clean Water Program Research Articles

Analisis Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Rendahnya Capaian Pengelolaan Air Bersih dan Higiene Sanitasi di Puskesmas Selaparang Kota Mataram

The existence of infrastructure at the Public Health Center must be supported by governance including planning management, implementation, operational procedures, human resources, budgeting and infrastructure that have been determined so that the management of service units for the Public at the Public Health Center is in accordance with the standards set by the Ministry of Health. influencing the water and sanitation hygiene facility improvement tool (WASH FIT) assessment in public Health Centers throughout the city of Mataram in 2022 with the lowest results in the Selaparang public Health Center ( 63.05%). So it is necessary to analyze factors related to the low achievement of clean water management and sanitation hygiene at the Selaparang Public Health Center, Mataram City. This research is a qualitative descriptive method, namely providing a direct and comprehensive description at Public Health Center in Mataram City. Based on the research results, it shows that the condition of clean water management and sanitation hygiene from planning management, implementation, standard operating procedures, human resource guidelines, budget and infrastructure still has many deficiencies. Selaparang Public Health Center has not implemented planning management for clean water and sanitation hygiene in a truly open manner based on needs and has not involved sanitation and clean water officers, which has an impact on the implementation of WASH which is still lacking in operations, complete SOPs are not available, which impacts on poor compliance , sanitation and clean water program holders who are not involved in planning also result in inadequate budgets for the provision of adequate infrastructure, insufficient sanitation and clean water personnel do not meet needs due to transfers and permanent illness so that the workload becomes more and heavier. From these results, the implementation of sanitation and clean water at the Selaparang Public Health Center does not meet the standards in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2023 concerning Implementing Regulations of Government Regulation Number 66 of 2014 concerning environmental health and Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 43 of 2019 concerning Public Health Centers, with the results of this research, the Regional Head needs to make a policy, the head of the Mataram City Health Service and the Head of the Public Health Center need to review planning, SOPs, meeting needs and increasing the capacity of officers, increasing the budget through more objective planning through guidance to environmental health program managers and officers sanitation.

Evaluation of infiltration testing methods for design of stormwater drywell systems

The current infiltration testing and drywell design methods do not always provide accurate estimates of the capacity of production-scale dry wells. In numerous cases, the predicted capacities appear to be considerably lower than the actual drywell capacity, resulting in more drywells than required and significantly higher construction and long-term maintenance costs. In other cases, the uncertainty in the measurements results in the predicted capacities being higher than the actual drywell capacity, resulting in fewer drywells being required. In this study, we discuss the reasons for these inaccurate predictions of drywell performance using current methods, as well as the results of recent studies to develop improved methods for predicting the capacity of stormwater infiltration drywells. These studies, funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Los Angeles County Safe Clean Water Program (SCW), include numerical simulations and field studies in California. These test methods rely on steady-state infiltration tests in small-diameter boreholes and produce an estimate of the saturated hydraulic conductivity, which can be used to reliably predict the performance of large-diameter drywells. The methods were validated by testing small- and large-diameter test wells in close proximity using three different drilling methods. The results of this study describe the design and conduct of a borehole infiltration test that accurately represents drywell performance. Furthermore, based on a combination of numerical simulations and field studies, reduction factors were developed to account for test uncertainty, test duration, analytical error, field variability, potential for groundwater mounding, and clogging.

INTEGRATION OF ENGINEERING AND POLITICS IN WATER MANAGEMENT: A HOLISTIC APPROACH TO ENHANCING PUBLIC

This article explores the evolving concept of water governance across various nations, serving as a reference for effective and sustainable water management. Aligned with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) No. 6, which focuses on Clean Water and Sanitation, Indonesia faces unique challenges due to its dual climate patterns of rainy and dry seasons. These climatic variations necessitate sound water resource management to address water shortages during droughts, prevent drought-related disasters and mitigate flood risks during the rainy season. Utilizing a literature review methodology, this research aims to comprehend the development of knowledge in the water governance concept, incorporating both technical and political dimensions in policy formulation. The findings underscore the significance of collaboration, cooperation, and participation among the government, community, and private sector in implementing effective water governance. Embracing the governance paradigm, the key takeaway is the need for collective efforts to establish robust water resource management, thereby ensuring the success of the clean water and sanitation program nationwide by 2030. However, it is crucial to acknowledge that not all variants of water governance models can be universally applied, considering the diverse institutional contexts and political cultures across different regions in Indonesia. Despite these challenges, this research underscores the importance of a holistic approach that integrates both technical and political aspects in water management policies, providing a foundation for achieving sustainable water access and sanitation goals.

Do Mandatory Minimum Penalties and Penalty Relief Work? Evidence from California's Clean Water Program

Do Mandatory Minimum Penalties and Penalty Relief Work? Evidence from California's Clean Water Program

Application of Green Technology in Clean Water Treatment Installation: A Case Study of Batuah Village

Access to clean water is a fundamental human right, critical to life and health, especially in many rural regions such as Batuah Village. However, several obstacles, including the geographic layout, absence of natural rivers or surface water, and lack of a comprehensive public water supply network, have made the provision of clean water to these communities exceedingly challenging. This study, titled "The Application of Green Technology in Clean Water Treatment Installation: A Case Study of Batuah Village," is concentrated on employing environmentally-friendly technology in water purification. The objective is to ascertain its impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of water treatment processes. Through the deployment of sustainable water treatment systems, the research aspires to evaluate the performance of such technologies in enhancing water quality, accessibility, and sustainability. This research delves into the strengths and weaknesses of the existing system, proposes potential improvements, and assesses the implications of adopting these green technologies on the socio-economic fabric of the village. The insights derived could be beneficial for other similar contexts striving to ensure clean water availability in challenging environments. This research applied a collaborative strategic planning method, involving Batuah Village Government, Samarinda State Polytechnic, and the community in planning the Pamsimas program. The Pamsimas Water Treatment Installation (IPA Pamsimas) Karya Makmur, a community-managed system guided by government, educational institutions, and BSSR, demonstrated this synergistic approach. The study aimed to implement, sustain, and assess the clean water program's effectiveness using observations, interviews, and tests in the Batuah village area.

Strategi Pemerintah Desa Dalam Peningkatan Pendapatan Asli Desa Melalui Program Pengelolaan Air Bersih Di Desa Cikalong Kecamatan Cimaung Kabupaten Bandung

Most of the people in Cikalong Village currently have difficulty getting clean water. Because the majority of them do not have a personal water source and depend on water sources managed by the village. Village Original Income is closely related to the management of village assets owned. In Cikalong Village itself, village assets are one of the village's original sources of income, one of which is the clean water management program, which is currently under construction. This clean water management program includes springs, buildings and equipment to support clean water. This research is a qualitative research, using strategy theory from Bintoro Tjokroamidjojo with variable goal setting, policy formulation, and operationalization. The results of this study indicate that the purpose of the clean water management program is to improve community welfare in the health sector, to meet community needs for access to clean water, and to increase Village Original Income. Then in the formulation of the policy, Cikalong Village Regulation Number 5 of 2021 concerning Clean Water Management became the legal basis for running this program. The Village Regulation regulates all matters relating to the clean water program. Then for operationalization, after the implementation of the clean water management program, there have been no complaints from the public regarding access to clean water. For plans for other villages to use water managed by Cikalong Village, this is a long-term development plan for Cikalong Village. Because more and more people use water, there will also be an increase in Village Original Income

Desa Layak Air Bersih dan Sanitasi di Desa Labuhan Rasoki

Clean water and sanitation are very important needs. This is because without clean water and sanitation on earth cannot take place. Humans, animals, and all plants need clean water and sanitation for their lives. The clean water and sanitation needed by humans must meet both quality and quantity requirements. To get clean water and sanitation that meets the requirements. The community of Labuan Rasoki Village is one of the villages that received assistance from the clean water and proper sanitation program from the government. The purpose of this study was to determine the attitude of public awareness about the importance of maintaining clean water and proper sanitation in Labuan Rasoki Village, East Angkola District, South Tapanuli Regency. This research is qualitative and descriptive in nature to find out will maintain awareness of maintaining clean water and proper sanitation in Labuan Rasoki Village, East Angkola District, South Tapanuli Regency. In obtaining data, the author made direct observations by conducting interviews. From the results of a survey conducted by the author on the lack of awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and actions of the community about clean water and proper sanitation.

Clean Water Programs In Oefafi Village, Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Barat

Oefafi is one of the driest places in Indonesia and community experiences water shortages. They need to walk up to 1-2 km to get a water source due to the unavailability of water. There are many aid programs in the Oefafi but it is unsuccessful. They were not used maximally by the community and the level of community involvement was low. Jaka Perkasa Citra Cemerlang Foundation (JPCC) is a non-profit organization. This foundation empowers the community through the clean water programs in Oefafi. The research objective is to find out how JPCC foundation’s communication strategy in empowering the local community through the clean water program. It also focuses on the supporting factors as well as the inhibiting factors in implementing community empowerment communication strategies. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. The results of the study showed the success case of community empowerment in Oefafi. Empowerment by JPCC Foundation already showed an active participation. The communication strategy carried out successfully to trust in the community so that the community has the awareness and willingness to change. Although there are some communities who refuse to be empowered due to the character of people.

Strategi Lembaga Amil Zakat dalam Meningkatkan Akses Sanitasi dan Air Bersih (Studi Kasus LAZ Harfa Serang)

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which is a world development agenda, raised one of the issues that became the objectives of its achievement targets, namely related to sanitation and clean water. Various adverse effects can be caused by inadequate sanitation and clean water conditions, including diarrhea, stunting, and even death. Therefore, several parties are trying to overcome this problem, bearing in mind the condition of sanitation and clean water in Indonesia still needs more attention. One of the parties concerned about the sanitation and clean water conditions is the Amil Zakat Harapan Duafa Institute (LAZ Harfa) Serang, Banten. LAZ Harfa has succeeded in changing the behavior of around 50,000 people who previously had open defecation habits to become accustomed to defecating in their place. This paper aims to find out the strategies carried out by LAZ Harfa so that it can succeed in carrying out the program. The method used in this study is a semi-structured interview with related parties. The results showed that the main strategy of LAZ Harfa in carrying out the sanitation and clean water program was by conducting education, optimizing the role of facilitator facilitators, cooperating, engaging the community directly, and cooperating with various partners.

Evaluasi Berjalan Program Penyediaan Air Minum dan Sanitasi Berbasis Masyarakat

This research aims to conduct on-going evaluation on community-based clean water and sanitation program (PAMSIMAS) 2015-2018 in the Jogomulyo Village, Magelang Regency. PAMSIMAS is one of strategic government program to achieve clean and healthy communities by providing clean and drinking water services and sanitation based on community participation. Our on-going evaluation occupy six aspects as an analytical framework consist of effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equity, responsiveness, and appropiateness. A qualitative research with case study as research strategy was conducted to address the research aim. We triangulate both primer and secondary data to attain data source validity. Our study shows that PAMSIMAS 2015-2018 has contributed some positive results in the effort to provide clean water and sanitation services for Jogomulyo villagers. However, efficiency and resource utility aspects need to be improved to maximize the outcome of this program. There are two implications from this study. First, that government have to formulate ongoing evaluation framework since there is no on-going evaluation standard and various instrument was apllied in PAMSIMAS evaluation. Second, capacity building is necessity to build more competence management.

THE ROLE OF COMMUNITY-BASED WATER MANAGEMENT AGENCY AND VILLAGE REGULATION IN ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE CLEAN WATER PROGRAM IN CIBADAK VILLAGE – WEST JAVA

Cibadak Village in District of Bogor, West Java has land contour which is mountainous and dried has caused minimum access to water resources. During the dry season, the water supply is minimum which affected in their people’s unhealthy lifestyle. There was a Government’s Program called WSLIC-2 (Water and Sanitation for Low Income Communities) which use public water tap model and it was free of charge. But it’s not sustainable which is some of water pipes were damaged and unfixable. Based on that condition, Center for Political Studies and Community Development/ Pusat Pengkajian Politik dan Pengembangan Masyarakat (P4M) Nasional University initiated a community empowerment program called “Community-based Clean Water Facility Development Program in Cibadak Village”. Based on our Participatory Action Research (PAR), there are a few factors which contribute towards the sustainability of the clean water program, i.e: Community participation and contribution, Paid water meter system, Community-based Water Management Agency/Badan Pengelola Air Bersih (BPAB), and Village Regulation. System approach through the development of BPAB and Village Regulation will have a significant impact on the sustainability of the program.

Does Saving Lives Win Votes? Evaluating the Electoral Consequences of Providing Clean Water in Mexico

Politicians often struggle to claim credit for programmatic policies and therefore use personalized benefits to win elections. Non-programmatic strategies that target individual voters provide a greater electoral return, even if the technocratic provision of public goods would better serve citizens’ needs. Mexico’s PRI historically relied on such targeting to win elections and used social welfare spending to reinvigorate this practice after its poor 1988 electoral results. Thus, claims that Programa Agua Limpia (PAL), a clean water program, was technocratic merit skepticism. This paper assesses such claims and whether the resulting health improvements had electoral consequences. Analysis indicates that electoral considerations did not influence PAL. Furthermore, this program increased support for the PRI. A dollar spent on PAL may have yielded better electoral returns then larger particularistic social welfare programs concurrently implemented by the PRI. Our analysis illuminates the conditions under which politicians can garner electoral returns for providing public goods.

Genesis of antibiotic resistance (AR) I: monitoring of microbial pathogens with AR by Texas Clean Water Program in Rio Grande Basin including Amistad Reservoir (986.1)

Water‐related (borne) diseases are categorized into four different classes: waterborne, water‐washed, water‐based, and water‐related insect vectors. The Pacific Institute Research Report (http://www.pacinst.org/) speculates that by 2020 a global mortality rate of 34‐76 million people will be observed due to water related diseases. One of the main sources for water in Southwest Texas is the Rio Grande River which receives its water influx from Las Vacas, Rio Conchos, Rio Rodrigo, and Rio Salado tributaries from Mexico. The Rio Grande River flows through the southwest border and is stored in the Amistad Reservoir located in Del Rio, Texas. The “Texas Clean Rivers Program” a collaborative program operated by The Amistad Reservoir ‐ International Boundary and Water Commission, US section(USIBWC) ‐ The Rio Grande Basin and The Texas Commission on Environmental Quality(TCEQ) monitor the microbial and water quality issues in Texas. As per the 2012 Basin Highlights Report for the Rio Grande Basin in Texas show that there were between 14,200 colonies/100 ml and 3,800,000 colony forming units/100ml of the fecal coli form bacteria in the water samples. High levels of Biological Oxygen Demand, and Chemical Oxygen Demand were also detected in the water samples tested in the urban areas of Del Rio, Eagle Pass and Laredo. Taken together the severity of the contamination, BOD and COD increases the mutagenic potential in the microbial pathogens (bacteria) to acquire antibiotic resistance through known and unknown mechanisms.Grant Funding Source: PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPEMENT FUNDS ‐

CAMINHOS E (DES)CAMINHOS DA CRESOL: OBSERVAÇÕES A PARTIR DA COOPERATIVA SINGULAR DE DOIS VIZINHOS – PR

Este trabalho é resultado de uma dissertação de mestrado que, esteve vinculada a uma problemática conjunta de pesquisa que visou entender se a gestão de programas ou políticas públicas desenvolvidas por organizações não governamentais (ONG) ou órgãos públ

Sustainable Clean Water Funding through Collaboration and Partnership

Sustainable Clean Water Funding through Collaboration and PartnershipThe City of Los Angeles Bureau of Sanitation (Sanitation) owns and operates a wastewater system that serves more than four million people. The system includes four water reclamation and wastewater treatment plants, 6700 miles of sewers, and 44 pumping plants. The majority of the funding for this Clean Water Program (CWP) comes from user fees based on wastewater flows and strengths.Author(s)Adel H. HagekhalilLisa B. MowerySourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Sep, 2012ISSN1938-6478DOI10.2175/193864712811726581Volume / Issue2012 / 13Content sourceWEFTECCopyright2012Word count295

USDA water quality projects and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture Conservation Effects Assessment Project watershed studies

The first major federally-funded effort to relate effects of conservation practices to water quality was the Black Creek Project in northeastern Indiana beginning in 1975 (USEPA 1977). From 1978 to 1982, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) conducted the Model Implementation Program (MIP) to demonstrate and study the effects of addressing agricultural nonpoint source problems through Section 208 of the Clean Water Act (CWA) (NWQEP and Harbridge House 1983). Building on these early efforts, a much larger USDA- and USEPA-sponsored nonpoint source (NPS) pollution control program, The Rural Clean Water Program (RCWP), began in 1980 as an experiment to combine land treatment and water quality monitoring to document NPS control effectiveness across the country (Gale et al. 1993). The objectives of the RCWP were (1) to achieve improved water quality in the project area in the most cost-effective manner possible in keeping with the provision of adequate supplies of food, fiber, and a quality environment; (2) to assist agricultural landowners and operators in reducing agricultural NPS water pollutants and improving water quality in rural areas to meet water quality standards or water quality goals; and (3) to develop and test programs, policies, and procedures…

GIBSI: an integrated modelling system for watershed management – sample applications and current developments

Abstract. Hydrological and pollutant fate models have long been developed for research purposes. Today, they find an application in integrated watershed management, as decision support systems (DSS). GIBSI is such a DSS designed to assist stakeholders in watershed management. It includes a watershed database coupled to a GIS and accessible through a user-friendly interface, as well as modelling tools that simulate, on a daily time step, hydrological processes such as evapotranspiration, runoff, soil erosion, agricultural pollutant transport and surface water quality. Therefore, GIBSI can be used to assess a priori the effect of management scenarios (reservoirs, land use, waste water effluents, diffuse sources of pollution that is agricultural pollution) on surface hydrology and water quality. For illustration purposes, this paper presents several management-oriented applications using GIBSI on the 6680 km2 Chaudière River watershed, located near Quebec City (Canada). They include impact assessments of: (i) municipal clean water program; (ii) agricultural nutrient management scenarios; (iii) past and future land use changes, as well as (iv) determination of achievable performance standards of pesticides management practices. Current and future developments of GIBSI are also presented as these will extend current uses of this tool and make it useable and applicable by stakeholders on other watersheds. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes some of the challenges that remain for a better use of DSS in integrated watershed management.

Rapid Assessment Procedures in Environmental Sanitation Research

Background: There is a need to enhance the quality and sustainability of environmental health programs in Mexico. What socio-cultural factors influenced the adoption or rejection of Clean Water in Homes programs in this population? We applied rapid appraisal procedures (RAP) to evaluate these community-based programs. Method: Qualitative study conducted in communities along Mexico’s northern border. We conducted informal dialogues, semi-structured interviews, field notes and observations. Home visits used a checklist to observe: sources of water, handwashing, as well as human waste and garbage disposal patterns. Data analysis was conducted using ATLAS.ti, which facilitated comparison and illustration of discrepancies, the elaboration of emerging issues and relationships between them. Results: Community members perceived that the Clean Water program was a top-down intervention. Water is perceived as a political issue and a matter of corruption. Inequity also limits solidarity activities involved in environmental sanitation. Migration to the United States of America (US) contributes to community fragmentation, which in turn dilutes communal efforts to improve water and sanitation infrastructure. While targeting women as program “recipients”, the Clean Water program did not take gendered spheres of decision-making into account. Community members and authorities discussed the main results in “assemblies”, particularly addressing the needs of excluded groups. Conclusion: The oversight of not exploring community members’ needs and priorities prior to program implementation resulted in interventions that did not address the structural (economic, infrastructure) and socio-cultural barriers faced by community members to undertake the health-promoting behaviour change, and provoked resentment.

Rapid assessment procedures in environmental sanitation research: a case study from the northern border of Mexico.

There is a need to enhance the quality and sustainability of environmental health programs in Mexico. What socio-cultural factors influenced the adoption or rejection of Clean Water in Homes programs in this population? We applied rapid appraisal procedures (RAP) to evaluate these community-based programs. Qualitative study conducted in communities along Mexico's northern border. We conducted informal dialogues, semi-structured interviews, field notes and observations. Home visits used a checklist to observe: sources of water, handwashing, as well as human waste and garbage disposal patterns. Data analysis was conducted using ATLAS.ti, which facilitated comparison and illustration of discrepancies, the elaboration of emerging issues and relationships between them. Community members perceived that the Clean Water program was a top-down intervention. Water is perceived as a political issue and a matter of corruption. Inequity also limits solidarity activities involved in environmental sanitation. Migration to the United States of America (US) contributes to community fragmentation, which in turn dilutes communal efforts to improve water and sanitation infrastructure. While targeting women as program "recipients", the Clean Water program did not take gendered spheres of decision-making into account. Community members and authorities discussed the main results in "assemblies", particularly addressing the needs of excluded groups. The oversight of not exploring community members' needs and priorities prior to program implementation resulted in interventions that did not address the structural (economic, infrastructure) and socio-cultural barriers faced by community members to undertake the health-promoting behaviour change, and provoked resentment.

AUSTIN CLEAN WATER PROGRAM

AUSTIN CLEAN WATER PROGRAM