Clean Water Facilities Research Articles

The Comparison of Inverse Gaussian and Gamma Regression: Application on Stunting Data in Jepara

Many research data have distributions other than the normal distribution, called exponential family distributions. The exponential family of distributions includes the inverse Gaussian and Gamma distributions. There are parallels between these two distributions in terms of the kind of random variable and how well they work. Finding the optimal model using inverse Gaussian and Gamma regression on stunting data in Jepara is the goal of this study. Maximum Likelihood Estimation is used for parameter estimation, Maximum Likelihood Ratio Test is used for simultaneous parameter testing, and Wald testing is used for partial parameter testing. For this case, the best model is inverse Gaussian regression. Exclusive breastfeeding, low birth weight babies, clean drinking water facilities, and the number of Integrated Service Post (Posyandu) influence the percentage of stunting in Jepara..

Risks of sanitation and water supply in Pontianak City poorer areas settlements

Abstract The availability of sufficient and safe drinking water is one of the criteria for a settlement to be declared as a poorer area. Areas declared as poorer areas by the city government have water supply problems that require intervention. The Sanitation Risk Index is calculated using a questionnaire on households regarding sanitation conditions and water supply. This research examines the relationship between the Sanitation Risk Index and its effect on water use, as well as the strategies implemented to reduce sanitation risks in water supply in poorer areas in Pontianak City, West Kalimantan. The city of Pontianak is located downstream of Kapuas River. Many settlements grow along riverbanks and require clean water and adequate sanitation facilities. This study began with an assessment of sanitation conditions and clean water supply with a sanitation risk assessment using a questionnaire in poorer areas. The results of the questionnaire led to calculation of the Sanitation Risk Index (IRS). Descriptive and statistical analyses show the relationship between IRS and water supply. In obtaining the water supply strategy carried out here, it was found that more than 50% of the population uses refillable water for drinking; however, rainwater and river water are still used by poorer area settlements for daily activities. The sanitation risk index was 350, indicating the influence of sanitation risk on the quality and supply of water in Pontianak City poorer area settlements. There are urgent problems that must be resolved in the clean water supply sector in the studied poorer areas.

Improving financial management efficiency at BAHANA Ciawi Clean Water Facility via an Android-based mobile application

KSM SAB BAHANA in Ciawi, Bogor is a Community Self-Help Group (KSM) for Clean Water Facilities (SAB) BAHANA located in Kampung Tipar RT 01, RW 04 Ciawi. KSM SAB BAHANA was formed based on Decree Number 36 on December 31, 2019. Currently, there are significant problems in managing clean water services, especially in terms of customer registration and management of financial reports which are still done manually. This condition causes inefficiency and has the potential to cause recording errors. To overcome these challenges, community service is carried out by introducing an Android-based application designed to improve the efficiency and accuracy of financial management. The purpose of this service is to provide a technological solution that facilitates customer registration and management of financial reports effectively. The methods used include data collection, application design, socialization, implementation, evaluation, and ongoing maintenance to ensure the successful implementation of the application. The evaluation results show that 86 percent of the community strongly agree with the use of this application, which confirms that this program has succeeded in helping residents and SAB BAHANA officers manage customer reports and data better and more sustainably.

Kajian Monitoring dan Evaluasi Pamsimas Kota Semarang

The PAMSIMAS program involves community participation, where the community receiving the program acts as the main actor and determinant in the entire process of preparation, planning, implementation and maintenance of the program. The aim of the study is to analyze monitoring and evaluation of pamsimaa in the city of Semarang. The analysis methods are quantitative and qualitative. The results of the research are that it is difficult for people to get clean water in the dry season because the dug wells owned by the residents are dry and murky. However, after receiving assistance from the PAMSIMAS program, the community felt that access to clean water facilities had increased. Another impact on the adequacy of clean water was that 75% of participants stated that after PAMSIMAS their clean water needs were met. During the rainy season, the community's wells are full, so most of the PAMSIMAS water is used by the community only for washing motorbikes, watering plants, or washing dishes. However, some people still use it for daily needs, even for drinking water as usual. Maintenance and management of facilities. The management body is a form of community participation in maintaining water availability after providing facilities. The community is asked to manage its own facilities, so a body consisting of community members is formed to maintain, monitor the development and repair of the facilities

Exploring lifestyles, work environment and health care experience of Nepalese returnee labour migrants diagnosed with kidney-related problems.

In recent years, international media and the scientific community have expressed concerns regarding rising kidney health-related risks among Nepalese labour migrants in Gulf countries and Malaysia. Previous studies have highlighted poor lifestyles and work conditions among Nepalese migrants, which could potentially impact their kidney health. This qualitative study aims to explore the lifestyles and work environment of returnee Nepalese migrants who were diagnosed with kidney health problems. In-depth interviews were carried out with twelve returnee migrants, all males, with half having worked abroad for at least a decade. Our analysis yielded seven themes: (a) living and lifestyles; (b) work environment; (c) exposure to pollutants; (d) Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) experience; (e) use of painkillers and healthcare; (f) medical expenses for CKD patients; and (g) pre-departure training. This study indicates that Nepalese migrants face numerous challenges, including limited access to clean water and sanitation facilities, poor diets, exposure to occupational hazards, and overuse of pain medication, all of which may contribute to an increased risk of kidney disease. An enhanced pre-departure and on-arrival orientation programme focusing on kidney health-related topics, including the necessary advocacy at the country of destination to provide access to basic services, may encourage migrants to adopt healthy lifestyles and safe working environments, as well as help sensitise migrants to their kidney health risks.

Measuring spatial inequalities in maternal and child mortalities in Pakistan: evidence from geographically weighted regression

BackgroundIn developing countries, the death probability of a child and mother is more significant than in developed countries; these inequalities in health outcomes are unfair. The present study encompasses a spatial analysis of maternal and child mortalities in Pakistan. The study aims to estimate the District Mortality Index (DMI), measure the inequality ratio and slope, and ascertain the spatial impact of numerous factors on DMI scores across Pakistani districts.MethodThis study used micro-level household datasets from multiple indicator cluster surveys (MICS) to estimate the DMI. To find out how different the DMI scores were, the inequality ratio and slope were used. This study further utilized spatial autocorrelation tests to determine the magnitude and location of the spatial dependence of the clusters with high and low mortality rates. The Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model was also applied to examine the spatial impact of socioeconomic, environmental, health, and housing attributes on DMI.ResultsThe inequality ratio for DMI showed that the upper decile districts are 16 times more prone to mortalities than districts in the lower decile, and the districts of Baluchistan depicted extreme spatial heterogeneity in terms of DMI. The findings of the Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) and Moran's test confirmed spatial homogeneity in all mortalities among the districts in Pakistan. The H–H clusters of maternal mortality and DMI were in Baluchistan, and the H–H clusters of child mortality were seen in Punjab. The results of GWR showed that the wealth index quintile has a significant spatial impact on DMI; however, improved sanitation, handwashing practices, and antenatal care adversely influenced DMI scores.ConclusionThe findings reveal a significant disparity in DMI and spatial relationships among all mortalities in Pakistan's districts. Additionally, socioeconomic, environmental, health, and housing variables have an impact on DMI. Notably, spatial proximity among individuals who are at risk of death occurs in areas with elevated mortality rates. Policymakers may mitigate these mortalities by focusing on vulnerable zones and implementing measures such as raising public awareness, enhancing healthcare services, and improving access to clean drinking water and sanitation facilities.

Social Services in Handling Stunting at the Abeli Community Health Center, Abeli District, Kendari City

The purpose of this study is to find out the factors that cause stunting conditions at the Abeli Community Health Center, Abeli District, Kendari City and to find out the forms of social services in handling stunting at the Abeli Community Health Center, Abeli District, Kendari City. This type of research uses a qualitative descriptive approach with 12 informants selected by purposive sampling technique. The data in this study was obtained through interviews, observations and documentation studies, the data obtained was then analyzed qualitatively with an interactive model consisting of data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawn. The results of this study show that the factors that cause stunting conditions in the Abeli Community Health Center, Abeli District, Kendari City are insufficient nutritional intake, insufficient or insufficient nutrition, lack of access to clean water facilities, wrong parenting, lack of knowledge and education of mothers, non-fulfillment of Toilet Washing, non-fulfillment of exclusive breastfeeding and economic factors. And forms of social services in handling stunting at the Abeli Community Health Center, Abeli Kendari District, include social services for healing, protection and rehabilitation, nutrition services and counseling, nutrition, clean water sanitation improvement, and growth monitoring

PRELIMINARY MONITORING OF WATER QUALITY AT BANTURUNG VILLAGE, BUKIT BATU DISTRICT, PALANGKA RAYA CITY

Water is a vital necessity for human and living things in general. It is undeniable that the decline in water quality today is the result of human activities that overexploit the environment. People's lifestyles that pay less attention to environmental aspects such as throwing garbage out of place, disposing of hazardous waste, and changing the function of forest areas that can increase the potential for erosion and often cause sedimentation at the bottom of the waters have a negative impact both directly and indirectly on the natural environment, especially water sources. High rate of forest degradation and deforestation has a significant impact on changes and decreases in water quality. In this study, water quality monitoring was conducted using several parameters as an initial step to understand the condition at the Dam and Clean Water Facility in Banturung Village, Bukit Batu District, Palangka Raya City. The results obtained from the analyzed parameters include odorless, pH 5.9, turbidity 1.0 NTU, temperature 28.1 °C, color 3.63 TCU, total dissolved solids (TDS) 10.2 mg/L, nitrate (NO3-) 0.608 mg/L, nitrite (NO2-) 0.002 mg/L, iron (Fe) 0.038 mg/L, and manganese (Mn) 0.006 mg/L.

Unleashing digital transformation to achieve the sustainable development goals across multiple sectors

AbstractDigital technologies have the potential to support achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Existing scientific literature lacks a comprehensive analysis of the triple link: “digital technologies – different industry sectors – SDGs”. By systematically analyzing extant literature, 1098 sustainable business practices have been collected from 578 papers, using 11 digital technologies in 17 industries to achieve the 17 SDGs. For instance, find that artificial intelligence can be used to achieve affordable and clean energy (SDG 7), responsible consumption and production (SDG 12) as well as to address climate change (SDG 13). Further, geospatial technologies may be applied in the agricultural industry to reduce hunger in various domains (SDG 2), to foster good health and well‐being (SDG 3), to improve the availability of clean water and sanitation facilities (SDG 6), raise awareness on responsible consumption and production (SDG 12), and to safeguard life on land (SDG 15), among other insights.

Basic Sanitation Factors Affecting Diarrheal Disease in Toddlers: Observations in the Working Area of Tambakrejo Health Center

Diarrhoea is a condition in which a person feels defecation with liquid or watery stools, generally occurring more than three times per day. Diarrhoea in toddlers in the area work Puskesmas Tambakrejo City Surabaya for the last 3 years (2020-2023) has increased. The increase shows an increasing trend of cases so it is necessary to know the cause. The purpose of this study was to identify factors - factors causes of diarrhoea in toddlers, namely: clean water facilities, healthy toilet facilities, sewerage and garbage disposal facilities in the homes of toddlers with diarrhoea. This study uses descriptive research with a approach cross-sectional using 47 samples. This research is a survey study by making observations at the same time or once upon a time with the help of questionnaires and interviews with mothers of toddlers. The results showed that as many as 80.9% of respondents who had clean water facilities met requirements, 80.9% of respondents' healthy latrine facilities met the requirements, 95.7% of respondents' sewerage met the requirements and 61.7% of waste disposal facilities met the requirements. The conclusion of this study shows that all variables studied fulfil the requirements of the applicable health standards. fulfil the requirements by the applicable standard quality of health. The region's community is expected to implement clean and healthy living behaviour.

Assistance in the Provision of Clean Water and Sanitation Facilities and Infrastructure in Kalisat Village, Kalisat District, Jember Regency

Assistance in the Provision of Clean Water and Sanitation Facilities and Infrastructure in Kalisat Village, Kalisat District, Jember Regency

The Relationship between Clean Water Facilities, Building Conditions, and Toilet Ownership with Events Stunting among Months Toddlers in The Working Area of The Taktakan Public Health Center

The Relationship between Clean Water Facilities, Building Conditions, and Toilet Ownership with Events Stunting among Months Toddlers in The Working Area of The Taktakan Public Health Center

Basic Sanitation in Residential Areas of Wakal Village, Leihitu Subdistrict, Central Maluku Regency

Basic sanitation is an effort to provide minimum facilities in accordance with health standards, such as TPS, SPAL, healthy latrines, and clean water, in order to prevent humans from coming into direct contact with dirt and aiming to promote healthy living. Both community and family based, basic sanitation facilities are very important in supports health. Sanitation is a process carried out in monitoring environmental factors whose role can be detrimental to health. Sanitation is a process carried out in monitoring environmental factors with a role that can disrupt health. This is a descriptive survey that is sent to households which is used to provide information not only about the family but also information about the environment and the house. The research will be carried out in Negeri Wakal, Leihitu District. The results of this research were conducted to determine community behavior patterns in managing basic residential sanitation which was studied in terms of clean water facilities, latrines, waste facilities and waste water disposal channels (SPAL). In the residential area of Wakal Village, Leihitu sub-district. The number studied was 30 heads of families who were taken randomly

Peningkatan Fasilitas Air Bersih dan Sanitasi Lingkungan di Daerah Pedesaan melalui Kegiatan Kuliah Kerja Nyata

The problems that occur at the research location are regarding clean water and sanitation such as dirty living environments, village facilities and infrastructure such as leaking clean water pipes, non-existent water storage tanks, and non-existent trash bins and RT signs in each RT, and The damaged village office monument needs attention. The location of the KKN activity is in Ngoranale Village, Bajawa District, Ngada Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province. This KKN activity is the result of collaboration between the local village government, community, students, and Field Supervisors (DPL). The aim of this activity is for students to gain learning experience by being directly involved with the community through problems found and finding solutions to problems regarding improving clean water facilities and environmental sanitation. There are several problems encountered at the location, so there needs to be a joint effort to reduce or overcome these problems. 1) carrying out preliminary activities to build clean water storage tanks, 2) making trash cans and RT signs, 3) repairing the village office monument, and 4) community service cleaning the environment of Ngoranale Village. It is hoped that the results of this activity will provide benefits to the government and local community, and can work together for next year's KKN activities.

Hubungan Ketersediaan Sarana Sanitasi Dasar dan (PHBS) dengan Kejadian Diare Balita di Puskesmas Tanah Pasir Aceh Utara

Diarrhea is a leading cause of suffering and mortality among children, accounting for approximately 9% of all deaths of children under the age of 5 worldwide in 2021. This study aims to determine the relationship between the availability of basic sanitation facilities (clean water facilities and toilet conditions) and Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) with the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers at Puskesmas Tanah Pasir, North Aceh Regency, in 2024. This research employs a descriptive-analytic method with a cross-sectional design, involving 95 mothers with toddlers. The sample was taken using purposive sampling, and data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. The results show that the availability of clean water facilities has a significant relationship with the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers (p value = 0,005), toilet conditions also have a significant relationship with the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers (p value = 0,000), and PHBS behavior is significantly related to the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers (p value = 0,003). It is recommended that health workers enhance collaboration with cross-sector stakeholders and conduct continuous education and outreach programs.

Exclusive Breastfeeding Behavior and Clean Water Facilities with the Incidence of Diarrhea in Toddlers

Diarrhea is still the second cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five in Indonesia. Data from Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) in 2013 showed that the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers in Indonesia was 6.7%, a similar figure was also found in West Nusa Tenggara Province at 6.6%. Several factors are related to the incidence of diarrhea, namely exclusive breastfeeding and clean water facilities. This study aims to determine the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and clean water facilities with the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers in Selagalas Village, the working area of the Cakranegara Community Health Center. The research design was cross sectional on 104 toddlers conducted in 3 selected environments in Selagalas Village. Data was collected by structured interviews using questionnaires and observation sheets. Data were analyzed bivariately with Stata SE 12.1. The results of this research were that 67 (64.42%) toddlers had experienced diarrhea. The variable related to the incidence of diarrhea is clean water facilities. There is no significant relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of diarrhea. The importance of providing good and adequate clean water facilities, especially for mothers in caring for children.

Spatial prevalence and associated risk factors of childhood diarrhea: A cross-sectional study in rural Indian context

Diarrheal disease is the most prevalent health issue among children under the age of five, contributing to a staggering toll of approximately 525,000 deaths worldwide each year. Despite its devastating consequences, it is essential to note that this disease is both preventable and treatable. The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of childhood (under 5 years) diarrheal disease in rural parts of India and identify relevant factors associated with diarrheal disease, encompassing maternal, household, environmental, and individual-level characteristics. In addition, the study highlights the spatial distribution of diarrheal disease across India, identifying hot-spot and cold-spot regions, along with the associated risk factors. The study utilized secondary data extracted from the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey, conducted in India between 2019 and 2021 (N=161,368). Binary logistic regression analysis and spatial clustering techniques, specifically utilizing Global Moran’s I, were employed to achieve the study’s objectives. The findings revealed that diarrhea cases are more prevalent among the poor, rural, and children of Muslim families, as well as among those residing in environments lacking hygienic or adequate sanitation facilities and in households without floors, walls, or roofs built with concrete material. The highest prevalence is observed in the eastern and western parts of India. Necessary interventions are required to reduce diarrhea cases among children under the age of five in rural Indian areas. Given the vector-borne nature of this disease, public awareness of the importance of maintaining fresh and clean drinking water facilities is imperative.

Factors affecting hand hygiene practice during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Zimbabwean population: a qualitative study

BackgroundPracticing hand hygiene is recommended as one of the key preventive measures for reducing the transmission of COVID-19 and other infectious agents. However, it is often not practiced frequently enough or correctly by the public. We aimed to identify barriers to and facilitators of hand hygiene in the Zimbabwean population during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA qualitative study was conducted with a purposive sample of health workers, village health workers, church leaders, traditional healers, teachers, youth leaders and the general population selected from ten districts across the country from September to October 2022. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 3 key informant interviews per site. In addition, one homogenous focus group discussion was also conducted per site using a focus group discussion guide. The data were recorded on audiotapes, transcribed verbatim, and translated into English. All the analyses were performed manually using thematic analysis.ResultsTwo themes were identified as facilitators of hand hygiene. These include individual factors (knowledge of hand hygiene practices and how they are performed) and access-related factors (access to hand washing infrastructure, soap, and sanitizers). Among the barriers to hand hygiene, four themes were identified: individual factors (knowledge gaps in proper hand washing, lack of conviction about hand hygiene, and habitual behaviour), access-related factors (lack of access to hand washing infrastructure, soap, and sanitizers), safety concerns (concern about the side effects of sanitizers), and sociocultural and religious factors (social customs, cultural beliefs, values, and religious practices).ConclusionDuring public health emergencies, there is a need for people to access uninterrupted, on-premises water supplies to promote compliance with hand hygiene. The provision of clean water and hand washing facilities is critical for vulnerable communities to afford them the opportunity to improve quality of life and facilitate resilience in the event of future pandemics. Community engagement is important for identifying vulnerability factors to provide appropriate mitigatory measures.

The Environmental Health Risk Analysis regarding Hepatitis A Transmission among Street Food Vendor in Indonesia

This study aimed to conduct hazard identification and risk assessment for the transmission of hepatitis A among street food vendors (SFVs), whereas risk management was generated. This observational analytic study was conducted in Jember Regency - Indonesia. Cluster random sampling was employed, wherein five distinct locus were selected representing SFVs in campus area and local market area. A total of 100 SFVs in Jember participated in this study. Data was collected using a questionnaire. The risk assessment was measured by multiplying the likelihood and consequence. Additionally, the data was subjected to descriptive analysis. This study found the identification of hazards among SFVs was found inadequate sanitation facilities, poor food processing practice (improper handling of raw ,- cooked ingredients, and poor food serving), limited availability of clean water,substandard building and layout were observed as potential hazards for the transmission of hepatitis A. The risk assessment found inadequate sanitation facilities (18 point), negative attitude (18 point), poor quality assurance (16 point), and food contamination (14 point) have high scores. The risk management including: a) location and building: providing specific location, and maintaining cleanliness of the furniture and equipment on a regular basis, b) sanitation facility: provision of sanitary waste bin, communal toilet and wastewater drainage system; fly control measures, and using piped water supply, c) food processing: increasing food handler personal hygiene, and standard food handling process.In conclusion, the risk of Hepatitis A transmission among street vendors remains high and poses a threat in Jember, indicating the need for health education for the street vendors. Additionally, the author recommends policymakers to implement regular monitoring or inspection of the food quality and the necessity of providing clean water facilities or other fundamental facilities to SFVs.

Coping Strategies to Address Water Scarcity through Local Knowledge in Tidal Flood and Erosion-Prone Areas: A Case Study of Timbulsloko, Sayung Regency, Demak Municipality

Access to clean water in Indonesian households remains relatively low due to insufficient clean water facilities and infrastructure. This research addresses the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of providing clean water, sanitation, and a clean environment (abbreviated as WASH) in sinkingcoastal areas vulnerable to tidal floods and erosion. PDAM and PAMSIMAS services struggle to function effectively in these regions. Despite government programs aimed at providing drinking water to impoverished communities, PDAM services often remain inaccessible to residents in subsiding coastal areas afflicted by floods, tides, and erosion. The residents of Hamlet Timbulsloko face a critical challenge in securing clean water and maintaining proper sanitation, exacerbated by submerged wellscaused by erosion. In their quest to meet this basic need, residents have adopted various coping strategies, including rainwater collection using buckets, basins, and even repurposed containers. Rainwater harvesting has become a community-driven solution to the unmet need for clean water, particularly when the cost of refill water is prohibitively high within the region. This research takes inspiration from the local knowledge and practices of residents and seeks to provide a rainwater harvesting model as a sustainable clean water solution