Clean Unit Research Articles

Amplitude Variation with Offset (AVO) Inversion for Reservoir Visualization: A Case Study of Taje Field, Niger Delta, Nigeria

Amplitude Variation with Offset (AVO) inversion analysis was performed on pre-stack seismic data and well information gathered from the shallow offshore area of the Niger Delta. This analysis aimed to improve reservoir visualization and employed the Hampson Russell Geoview, AVO, and STRATA software tools. The seismic data were provided in Seg-Y format, covering an in-line range from 4503 to 5569, an x line range from 1434 to 2026, and an angle of incidence range of 0 to 45°. The study centered on the Taje well_026. Within the subsurface, the authors identified five distinct reservoirs, labeled A to E, located at various depths ranging from 3057.50 to 3115.00 m, 3115.00 to 3157.50 m, 3157.50 to 3190.00 m, 3190.00 to 3200.00 m, and 3200.00 to 3239.00 m, respectively. These reservoirs exhibited different fluid compositions. Reservoir A, primarily composed of sandstone, contained brine, whereas Reservoirs B and D, dominated by shale, contained gas. On the other hand, Reservoirs C and E, both comprised of sandstone, held oil. Reservoir C is distinguished by its clean sandstone unit. The inversion results revealed that both Reservoirs C and E consisted of low impedance sand layers surrounded by higher impedance shale layers. The gas migrated from the reservoir and was trapped within the shale units due to deformation of the lithological units, likely induced by stress accumulation. This migration process was facilitated by the shale’s inability to undergo smearing, possibly as a result of faulting mechanisms.

The Role of Village-Owned Enterprises in Improving Community Welfare in Gunungtawang Village, Selomerto District

Background : The village-owned enterprise ( BUMDes ) "Sepoor Bridge" has been able to provide village revenue from the results of the clean water supply business unit, but has not been able to have a major influence on improving the general welfare of the community. Methods : This study used a descriptive qualitative approach, namely through observation, interviews, and documentation. Results : The Village-Owned Enterprise "Sepoor Bridge" still relies on one business unit and its revenue is still used to add equipment, channel installation tools, and payment for water sources. Conclusion : The Village-Owned Enterprise " Sepoor Bridge " can help the community save on clean water costs and make it easier to get it.

Closed airflow system, CUSP, for preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection, promoting health care, and achieving Sustainable Development Goals

Thorough analytical investigation is made on an open airflow system, on which conventional clean rooms are based, and on a closed airflow system realized by a clean unit system platform (CUSP) combined with a gas exchange membrane (GEM). The air pressure inside the CUSP is exactly the same as that outside. Thanks to this equal pressure in and outside of the room, there is no airflow coming and going across the GEM, resulting in a closed airflow system. In the CUSP/GEM system, fresh air is introduced, not by mechanical ventilation that conventional clean rooms are based upon, but by diffusion-based molecular ventilation, in which O2, CO2, and other molecules come and go across the GEM depending on the molecule concentration gradient across the GEM. Since there is no airflow exchanged between the inside and outside, together with the fact that microbes, having roughly two orders of magnitude larger size than molecules, are too large to diffuse across the GEM, the CUSP/GEM system can be an ideal, extremely safe place in which to protect people from SARS-CoV-2 or any other viruses floating in the air outside. The CUSP is an ideal place in which patients can be treated while staying in very clean air — importantly, with zero risk of any harm coming to people outside of the space. Based on this system, we have succeeded in demonstrating that CUSP can provide the opportunity of correlation analysis in sleep assessment with CO2 production while patients are sleeping in the CUSP. The unique features of the CUSP/GEM system, that make the inside of the room completely decoupled from the outside, mean that it can effectively be used for various applications. In the near future, diffusion-based molecular ventilation, or molecular ventilation in short, will prevail with CUSP systems wherever fresh clean air is needed for any closed space.

Reduction of emissions and improvement of dynamic responses of a supercritical clean coal generation unit via neural network inverse control strategy

Coal power plants have been a major source of undesirable emissions. Despite the technological advancements in renewable energies, coal units are still in-service in many developed and developing countries due to their reliability, adequacy, and flexibility for power delivery. There are some promising technologies for cleaner operation during power production from coal, including supercritical boiler (SC) design and carbon capture and storage (CCS), however, the challenging in innovating effective methods is still open to expand the boundary of knowledge in this speciality. This paper introduces a novel and simple method for reducing CO2 emissions and improving the dynamic responses of a 600 MW SC coal power plant by Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique. A wide-range data-driven feedforward ANN model has been identified and verified for the various operations recorded as closed-loop data-sets, which covers all situations of startup, once-through mode, and even emergency shutdown of the unit. The closed-loop SC plant model has been augmented with an inverse multivariable coordinate NN controller, developed by analogous learning algorithm to improve the plant automation. With precisely selected setpoints, as operational rules, of temperature, pressure, and earliest possible power demand signals, the automated SC plant has been capable to operate with lower coal consumption - and thus lower emissions – than the existing operation strategy during startup, normal operation, and emergency shutdown modes. The improvement in dynamic responses have been quantified through simulations with comparison with existing performance, which have resulted in an overall average reduction of 2.143 Kg/s in coal consumption.

Designing Coupling of 2-Dimensional PhotoRecepto-Conversion Scheme (2DPRCS) with Clean Unit System Platform (CUSP)

There has been so far no energo-environmental system, whose design is considered energy-wise as well as cleanliness-wise, put in practical use despite the fact that those systems would be of huge potential importance as disaster shelters for casualties and/or infectious disease patients, in particular, those of COVID-19. We have designed the energo-environmental system based on the 2-Dimensional PhotoRecepto-Conversion Scheme (2DPRCS) and Clean Unit System Platform (CUSP) technologies. We have demonstrated the energo-environmental system can be as clean as US 209D class 1000 or better, quite handily, in a couple of minutes. As for the solar-cell-based energy generation part, we have shown that the needed electric power could be generated using our original technology of the 2DPRCS by simulations, as the possible first application of casualties’ and patients’ highly clean rest-space that has monitoring ability of the status of those people including sleep assessment. This energo-environmental clean system would be realized with the implementation of 2DPRCS in the near future.

PELATIHAN ANALISIS BIAYA PRODUKSI UMKM DI DESA WRINGINSONGO

This PPM is held to reformulate the determination of the basic water tariff on the clean water management unit that is part of BUMDes Desa Wringinsongo, a method used with a qualitative approach where the team identifies the problem of the partner, then determines the objectives, reformulates and implements the partner. PPM results recommend the use of water account applications as well as admin fee of Rp.1000
 

WASTE MANAGEMENT AND INFECTION CONTROL IN HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATIONS. STRATEGIES

The research studies the problem of solid, liquid and gas waste with their two kinds ordinary and medical from source to their ends for purpose to minimizing infection transfer in health care facilities. The research suggests new concept to establish in the organization chart special central department to manage efficiency all kinds of waste in health care facilities. To establish a central waste department in large health care facilities it may be consist of the following departments and unites: solid waste dep., liquid waste dep., gas waste dep., pathology waste dep., bacterial waste dep., radiant waste dep., chemicals and drugs' waste dep., treatment waste unit, rubbish unit, clean unit, disinfectant unit, sterile unit, incineration unit, waste sorting station unit, land fill unit. To establish a waste department in small health care facilities it must formed from an environmental engineer or specialist as a head and the following workers: worker for collection solid waste, plumber for liquid waste, air-condition technician for gas waste.

Conjugated microporous poly(aniline)s for removal of low-concentration formaldehyde

Removal of indoor formaldehyde is important but challenging due to the very low concentration. Here, we showed the applicability of a new class of conjugated microporous poly(aniline)s (CMPAs) in this formaldehyde capture. The unique properties of rich ultramicroporosity and benzenoid amine (–NH–) groups made the resulting CMPAs ideal platforms for the efficient low-concentration formaldehyde adsorption, through the interaction between benzenoid amine groups and formaldehyde via Mannich reaction and H-bond in the ultramicropore. They therefore exhibited ultrafast adsorption, receiving > 80% removal efficiency for ca 0.7 ppm formaldehyde within 60 min, and benchmarking storage capacity, achieving ca. 2679.68 mg·g−1 for CMPA-2. Our CMPAs also worked well in a self-assembled air clean unit, keeping kinetically reducing average 98% of formaldehyde after treatment of 4000 BV polluted air (with ca. 25 ppm formaldehyde) without break-through. Outcomes highlighted the potential of CMPAs for the clean-up of airborne formaldehyde for human health protection in next generation.

Analyzing performance of BUMDES: Learn from waste bank and clean water units

The research aimed to analyze the management performance of the BUMDES (Village-Owned Business Enterprise). The research used Case Study Method to provide detailed perspectives of individual village leaders who directly engage at very beginning of the establishment of the BUMDES in each village. Then, we took the advantage of in-depth interview for data collection. Twenty third village leaders selected purposively were interviewed. Data analysis approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative method for making some descriptions of the BUMDES. It is very clear that the process of establishing the BUMDES have fulfilled the requirements of the Indonesian government regulation. The results show that, types of businesses BUMDES members are savings and loan unit, service business unit, clean water management unit, cattle fattening unit, waste banks unit, photocopy unit, and marketing of agricultural products unit, etc. The BUMDES in the district has made a real contribution to the rural economy. It’s contribution to the Local Government Revenue is a prove of a relatively good management performance indicator of the BUMDES. It is also implicit that the BUMDES has become one of the factors driving the village economy that has encouraged the absorption of rural-labor in rural areas.

Acceleration of discharge process of clean energy storage unit with insertion of porous foam considering nanoparticle enhanced paraffin

In current investigation, a clean energy storage unit has been designed aiming to decrease the energy consumption through the building. To increase the space between the passing air and the Phase change material (PCM), instead of a smooth channel, a sinusoidal channel has been considered for the airway passage. Furthermore, porous media and nanoparticles have been applied in this unit for the purpose of enhancing heat transfer. Considering previous research works, the simultaneous use of these three methods for augmenting the performance has not been scrutinized so far. In this study, three mechanisms for augmenting heat transfer and the interaction of these methods to augment the performance of the system have been evaluated. Based on comparison with experimental data, outputs are very excellent fit with maximum 9.3% deviation. For evaluate efficiency of unit, solidification duration was analyzed and outputs proved that for case with porous foam solidification finishes 21.4% faster than the base case. Slope of profile for second case is higher than first one and the process completed at t = 33 h. For case with porous foam, augmenting time up to 13 h leads to augmenting trend for heat release value and then opposite trend appears. Heat flux transfer to air reduces with rise of time which provides lower temperature of outlet air. Slope of profile for air outlet temperature augments at t = 33 h when all liquid convert to solid for second case. As porous foam utilizes, temperature of PCM reduces and no sensible difference appears in various positions in each section.

Solidification inside a clean energy storage unit utilizing phase change material with copper oxide nanoparticles

Abstract Utilizing renewable and alternative energy is the best way to confront endangering issues such as reduction of fossil fuels. Thermal energy storage systems can considerably reduce the consumption of energy and they can improve the utilizations of renewable energy sources. Recently, building section becomes a great consumer of heat causing to a great levels of carbon emission. For developing the energy output of the buildings, heat storage mixed with phase change material becomes an efficient technique. For enhancing the productivity, one of the techniques applied is storing heat whilst the time of great solar intensity and releasing it through the night time. Enhancement in the thermal conductivity leads the discharging time of PCM through the solidification to reduce. So, nanoparticles have been dispersed into paraffin in this article. In addition, considering wavy surface for the inner duct is taken into account as second way which is combined with first technique. Numerical approach was successfully verified and employed for various cases. The herein obtained outputs revealed that entropy generation is an augmenting function of amplitude of wavy surface and it is reducing function of concentration of nanomaterial. Also, dispersing nanomaterial is more effective when sinusoidal surface has been employed. Heat flux transfer to PCM declines as time progress. Discharging rate has been minimized as amplitude of wavy channel augments. Influences of amplitude of wavy surface are more pronounced in cases with pure paraffin.

RANCANG BANGUN PROTOTIPE SISTEM KENDALI IRON REMOVAL FILTER (IRF) PADA UNIT PENGOLAHAN AIR BERSIH BERBASIS PLC

Kukuh Karyadi, Jatmiko Endro Suseno in this paper explain that Water is a necessity of life that is very important for mankind. The availability of clean water has been sought to be fulfilled in various ways. One of them is by making a clean water treatment plant that can process water that is not yet suitable for consumption to be more feasible and ready to be consumed for everyday life. The operation of water treatment plant is still manually operated such as in the Iron Removal Filter (IRF) control system so that the processing is not easy to operate. To facilitate the operation of a clean water treatment unit, a control system based on a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is created on the Iron Removal Filter (IRF) processing unit. Control system consisting of PLC, relay circuit, power supply and Human Machine Interface (HMI), works to control the clean water processing unit including controlling the process on the IRF automatically. Also made a prototype of a water treatment plant consisting of an aerator unit, an IRF unit, a storage tank, several pumps and several control valves to be controlled by the control system in operation. The control system uses PLC as a control center because PLC is a controller that is simple, easy to program and very reliable as already widely used in the industrial world. The PLC brand used is Omron because it is cheap, reliable and has software named CX-Programmer which is easy in programming. The control system uses laptop computer as an HMI in the operation. HMI uses VTScada software and is connected to a PLC using OPC CX-Server software. The control system that is made can control the clean water processing unit in the form of a prototype. Operation on HMI is so easy and has a very attractive appearance. So it is highly recommended to be used in the actual clean water treatment unit

A Novel Biomanufacturing System to Produce Multi-Material Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering: Concept and Preliminary Results

To produce multi-material scaffolds for Tissue Engineering accurate techniques are needed in order to obtain three-dimensional constructs with clinically appropriate size and structural integrity. This paper presents a novel biomanufacturing system that can fabricate 3D scaffolds with precise shape and porosity which is achieved through the control of all fabrication modules by an integrated computational platform. The incorporation of a clean flow unit and a camera allows to obtain scaffolds in a clean environment and provides a monitoring tool to analyse constructs during the production, respectively. In this research work is demonstrated that the new system enables the fabrication of multi-material 3D structures using poly (e-caprolactone) and sodium alginate for potential use in Tissue Engineering applications.

Clean-like properties in pullbacks and amalgamation rings

We study the transfer of the notions of clean rings, weakly clean rings, almost clean rings and unit regular rings to various context of pullbacks and amalgamations. Our attempt is to present original and new classes of these rings.

The Triassic of Traill Ø and Geographical Society Ø, East Greenland: Implications for North Atlantic palaeogeography

The continental Triassic succession north of 72° in East Greenland has seen little investigation but is key in understanding how facies belts vary towards the East Greenland Shelf, and more widely in the North Atlantic region, through this period. This study presents sedimentological analysis of exposures in northern Traill Ø (the Mols Bjerge) and further north in northern Geographical Society Ø (Laplace Bjerg). These sections are correlated with the more widely studied succession which lies to the south, in Jameson Land and broad scale palaeogeographical reconstructions of the North Atlantic are presented. A largely continental Triassic succession of 1445 m was recorded from the Mols Bjerge. However, a 125 m thick clean sand unit (the Vega Sund Member), which includes in its upper part the Gråklint Beds, is re‐interpreted as of shallow marine origin. Over 1200 m of Triassic strata were recognized on Laplace Bjerg. Within this succession 300 m of clean, cross‐bedded sandstones are recorded and are correlated with the Vega Sund Member recorded in the Mols Bjerge. The northward increase in thickness of marine strata developed at this time provides evidence for a more extensive marine influence in the north. This work has important implications for regional palaeogeographies and the character of the Triassic succession in adjacent basins, in particular, constraining the southern extent of the Boreal Ocean during the Mid to Late Triassic. Furthermore, the correlations made places bitumen staining, reported from Laplace Bjerg, within Triassic strata, suggesting the viability of a Triassic play at depth in adjacent offshore basins.

Assessment of Capacity to Capture DNA Aerosols by Clean Filters for Molecular Biology Experiments.

Experimental contamination by exogenous DNA is a major issue in molecular biological studies for data quality and its management. We herein assessed DNA aerosols for the risk of contamination and tested the capacity of clean air filters to trap and remove DNA aerosols. DNA aerosols were generated by atomizing a DNA solution and introduced into a laminar flow clean air unit. Capture and detection performed upstream and downstream of the clean air unit showed that a significant fraction (>99.96%) of introduced molecules was trapped and removed by the filter. Although DNA aerosols appear to be an avoidable source of exogenous contamination, a clearer understanding and careful experimental procedures are needed in order to perform contamination-free, high-quality molecular biology experiments.

New solar cell and clean unit system platform (CUSP) for earth and environmental science

We have investigated InGaN-based multi-striped orthogonal photon-photocarrier propagation solar cell (MOP3SC) in which sunlight propagates in a direction being orthogonal to that of photocarriers generated by the sunlight. Thanks to the orthogonality, in MOP3SC, absorption of the sunlight and collection of the photocarriers can be simultaneously and independently optimized with no trade-off. Furthermore, by exploiting the degree of freedom along the photon propagation and using multi-semiconductor stripes in which the incoming photons first encounter the widest gap semiconductor, and the narrowest at last, we can convert the whole solar spectrum into electricity resulting in the high conversion efficiency. For processing MOP3SC, we have developed Clean Unit System Platform (CUSP), which turns out to be able to serve as clean versatile environment having low power-consumption and high cost-performance. CUSP is suitable not only for processing devices, but also for cross-disciplinary fields, including medical/hygienic applications.

SAGD Pad performance in a point bar deposit with a thick sandy base

The McMurray Formation in Alberta, one of the largest oil accumulations in the world, hosts bitumen with viscosity typically greater than 1 million cP. This formation is heterogeneous containing sedimentological elements such as point bar deposits which in turn consist of inclined heterolithic strata of interlayered sand-shale/siltstone sequences and abandoned mud channels. Due to shale/siltstone interbeds, the reservoir presents severe lateral and vertical lithological heterogeneity which limit vertical flow of steam ascension and bitumen drainage. As part of an ongoing study on the performance of SAGD in point bar systems, we have evaluated the impact of the geology on pad performance in a clean sand unit (on average 30m thick) with an overlying highly heterogeneous point bar deposit (on average 20m thick). The results demonstrate that the performance of a SAGD pad depends on the orientation of the wellpairs within the reservoir even when it contains a thick clean sand interval where the wellpairs are placed near the base of the clean sand. Improved steam-to-oil ratio performance is achieved when the well pairs cut across the shale layers where steam can access multiple layers of oil-laden sand between the shale layers. Even when the steam chamber is relatively uniform in the basal sand zone, steam ‘fingers’ into the heterolithic point bar leading to chamber non-uniformities and less efficient utilization of steam along the well pair, as reflected by the steam-to-oil ratio.

PID control system for biogas desulfurization under anoxic conditions

AbstractBACKGROUNDA high H2S elimination capacity has been achieved by anoxic biotrickling filters but accurate control of the nitrate dosage is required. Different control strategies have been used in biotrickling filters but proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) control studies have not been reported to date. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the stability and robustness of PID control in an anoxic biotrickling filter.RESULTSThree PID tuning methods were tested: Ziegler–Nichols, Approximate M‐constrained integral gain optimization (AMIGO), and maintained oscillation. The best results were obtained using PID control by the maintained oscillation method, where the system reached stabilization 0.41 h after the H2S inlet step. Moreover, the nitrate consumption was 15.4% lower than that without control.CONCLUSIONThe biotrickling filter operated with a PID control strategy proved to be highly stable and robust against the perturbations and disturbances evaluated. The control system was able to operate satisfactorily to a change in the set‐point of the outlet H2S concentrations from 25 to 200 ppmV. The desulfurized biogas could be fed directly to an internal combustion engine or solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) equipped with a zeolite clean unit. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry

Clean Hydrogen Energy and Electric Power Production with CO2 Capturing by Using Coal Gasification

Clean hydrogen is the major energy carrier for power production. The conversion of CO to CO2 and zero emission during hydrogen energy production causes high capital cost. It is a matter of prestige to optimize the process in order to make zero emission and cost effective production of clean hydrogen energy and electric power. In this era, coal gasification is the most promising technology for the clean hydrogen energy and electric power production with simultaneously capturing of CO2. The experimental set up used in this scheme consists of Fluidized Bed Coal Gasifier (FBCG), syngas treatment unit, electricity generation unit, CO2 capturing unit and clean hydrogen adsorption unit. This paper shows the analysis of low sulphur Makarwal (Pakistan) coal. The Oxygen to Steam (O/S) ratio is optimized in order to produce syngas efficiently in the FBCG. The desulphurization unit reduces the H2S contents below than 1ppm. In this experimental plant, the feed rate 37.5 tons/hr of coal is used and clean hydrogen is produced at the rate of 1.30-1.40 tons/h.